First, the significance and application of the inscription
Second, etiquette and classification
Third, remember the time (remember the year, remember the season, remember the month, remember the day)
Iv. Handling of currency (location, font and font size of currency)
Kuanzhi, referred to as "Kuan" for short, refers to the words inscribed outside the main body of calligraphy works.
At first, funds were generated by actual needs. What is money knowledge? At first, it refers to the characters engraved on Yi (yí) in ancient Zhong Ding, and later as one of the symbols of textual research and identification, and transferred to calligraphy and painting works to inscribe names, years and months, etc. Especially since the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, painters and painters have paid more and more attention to the role of funds, and paid more and more attention to and deliberately pursued the artistic effect of funds, so there is a saying that "one word is wonderful for a hundred flowers".
Indeed, a complete painting and calligraphy work usually consists of three parts: the text and the chapter. Although writing is the main part of the work, which determines the quality and level of the work, the other two parts, especially the handling of harmony, will obviously affect the artistic effect of the whole article. Well-executed payment can often add color or remedy to the style and composition of the text of the work, thus making it more radiant. Here, the department plays the role of finishing touch. On the contrary, it will destroy the whole layout and even make the work fail.
There are two models and one model. Two paragraphs include the previous paragraph and the next paragraph, and a single paragraph only has the next paragraph, but there is no previous paragraph. If there are many gaps in the funds left by the department, and the funds left by the department are only the figures of the next paragraph, it is called poor funds. Generally speaking, the contents of the abstract include the author's name, the title of the article, the author's necessary narrative, the recipient's name or personal name, which are the contents of the previous paragraph, as well as the writing time, the author's name, hometown and writing place, which are the contents of the next paragraph.
I. Inscription and postscript (bá)
Inscription, also called inscription. In fact, the title is the title, and the postscript is the postscript. What is put in front of the text is called the title, and what is put behind the text is called the postscript, just as Duan Yucai said in Qing Dynasty: "The title is marked in front of it, and the postscript is behind it."
There are calligraphers' own inscriptions and others' inscriptions. Most of other people's inscriptions are to evaluate the authenticity and pros and cons of previous calligraphy works, and some people's ink is invited by famous artists to get praise from others.
The content of the calligrapher's own inscription mainly refers to the author's name and title of the text of the calligraphy work, as well as the calligrapher's own comments on the text or short words that record and reveal the mood. Among them, it is very important for calligraphers to comment on words or record lyric words, but it is often ignored by people. In fact, this is often the main aesthetic implication of calligraphers' calligraphy. Liao Liao used many words, but they were intriguing. Sometimes it's like "the eyes of poetry". One or two sentences will taste endless.
The postscript of some famous calligraphers since the Ming and Qing Dynasties has been beautifully written. Here are a few examples for appreciation.
Wen Zhiming, a calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in his book "Poems on Tiger Hill": "Xia Yue is unbearable in the heat and has nothing to send. Occasionally, if you get good paper, you will talk about imitation grain ink. " From this postscript, we can appreciate the elegant and leisurely mood of the calligrapher "wandering in art"
Dong Qichang, a famous calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, wrote a cursive inscription for "On the Book of Crane Travel": "Dongpo is the first in the valley, so I wrote this poem." This shows that calligraphers respect the literary talent of the Su brothers.
Zheng Banqiao, a calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a postscript (bá) to the rare confusion: "It is difficult to be smart, but it is difficult to be confused, and it is even more difficult to change from smart to confused. Let go, take a step back, feel at ease now, and it will pay off later. " It is difficult for people who are not weather-beaten in politics and life to understand the bitterness.
In a word, the inscription and postscript only occupy a small world, but it is the confirmation of the calligrapher's mind, the place where calligraphers and appreciators display their talents, and the important place where calligraphers and appreciators exchange their thoughts and feelings, so that calligraphy art can better play its social benefits.
Second, etiquette.
Etiquette, also known as honorifics, refers to some polite expressions commonly used in money. Etiquette can be roughly divided into three categories:
The first category is the honorific title for the recipient, which is commonly used as "big", "respect", "order", "kindness", "person", "virtuous" and "we". For example, Zungong (referring to someone else's father), your mother (someone else's mother), my good friend (my brother), my good brother (my brother) and my friend (my friend).
The second category is the humble name of the author. One is to show modestly that you have no talent. It is common to add a word "silly" to yourself, such as silly dad (my dad), silly brother (my brother) and silly son (my son). One is to express one's seniority, commonly used are epigenetic, late birth, late study and so on.
The third category is the words that the author asks the recipient for advice: the commonly used words are "proportional", "teaching", "Jian", "elegant", "Hui" and "genus", such as "proportional", "positive", "discipline", "great" and "great".
In addition to asking for advice, there are some common terms, such as remembering, remembering and mending the wall.
Some etiquette words in calligraphy include "learn a book", "write badly" and "try a pen" at the end.
Third, punctuality.
In the annotation of calligraphy works, some people advocate the use of the new calendar, namely the Gregorian calendar, emphasizing that pen and ink writing should keep up with the times, while others advocate the use of the old calendar, namely the lunar calendar, emphasizing the maintenance of national characteristics and traditional habits. In fact, these two methods can be used at the same time. If you use a new calendar, the method is very simple, just write it according to the daily application. If you use the old calendar to record time, then there are many things to pay attention to, especially many nicknames to be clarified.
1, remember the year?
The "dry branch" method used to record the year of calligraphy works. "Dry" is "heavenly stem" and "branch" is "earthly branch". The so-called "dry branch" is the abbreviation of heavenly stems and earthly branches. Ten days' work is A, B, C, D, E, G, Xin, Ren and Gui. The twelve earthly branches are Zi, Ugliness, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai. Using the combination of ten-day stem and twelve earthly branches to calculate the year becomes Jiazi, Ebou, Bingyin, Xinyou, Ren Xu and Guihai, with a 60-year cycle, commonly known as "60-year flower Jiazi". Please refer to the following table:
1, Jiazi 2, Picnic 3, Bingyin 4, Ding Mao
5. Chen Wu 6, Keith 7, Geng Wu 8, Xin Wei
9. Ren Shen 10, Gui You 1 1, JOE 12, Yihai.
13, Bingzi 14, Ding Chou 15, Wuyin 16, and the bazaar.
17, Chen Geng 18, Xinsi 19, Renwu 20, Guiwei.
2 1, Shen Jia 22, Yiyou 23, Xu Bing 24, Ding Hai
25, Wu Zixu 26, Ji Chou 27, Geng Yin 28, Xin Mao
29. Ren Chen 30, Gui Si 3 1, 32, B Wei
33. Bing Shen 34, Ding You 35, Wuxu 36, Jihai
37. Geng Zi 38, Xin Chou 39, Ren Yin 40, Gui Mao
4 1, Chen Jia 42, Yi Si 43, Bing Wu 44, Ding Wei
45. Wushen 46, Ji You 47, Geng Xu 48, Xinhai
49, Renqi 50, Guichou 5 1, Jiayin 52, Mao Yi
53. Ice Dust 54, Ding Si 55, Wu Wu 56, Simei
57. Geng Shen 58, heart has 59, no 60, Guihai
Main branch order table
2. Remember the season
The lunar calendar is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter, that is, February and March are spring, April, May and June are summer, July, August and September are autumn, and 10,1,1February is winter. In ancient times, the ranking order of brothers and sisters was Meng, Zhong and Ji (Meng Lao Da, Zhong Lao Er, Ji Lao San). Accordingly, Meng Chun, Midspring and Ji Chun are in April, May and June, Xia Meng, Midsummer, the last month of summer, July, August and September respectively. October, November and December are called the Winter Solstice, Midwinter and Ji Dong respectively. There are also nicknames for some seasons, such as Yangchun, Fangchun, Qingyang, Sunny, Yangzhong, Sanchun and Jiuchun. Xia's nicknames are,, Haotian, yíng, Sanxia and Jiuxia. The nicknames of autumn are Su Qiu, Qiu Jin, Shangqiu, Shang Jie, Su Shang, Su Jie, Jintian, Shang Gao, Sanqiu and Jiuqiu. Another name for winter is Winter, Anning, Xuan Ying, Sandong and Jiudong.
Step 3 record for one month
The nickname of the old calendar month is particularly complicated and has various origins. To sum up, the nickname of each month is roughly as follows:
January: the first month, the end of the month, the first month, the first month, the last month, the first month, the first month, the first month, February, March, Chunyang, Chuyang, Shouyang, Yang Meng, Mengang, Zhao Chun, Duan Chun, early spring, early spring and last spring.
February: such as February, Apricot, Zhongyang, April, Zhong Zhong, Da Zhuang, Zhong Chun, Zhong Zhong, Mao (O), etc.
March: Silkworm Moon, Peach Moon, Peach Wave, Flower Moon, Moon, Juqin Moon, Qi (X) Month, Same Month, Sanchun, Late Spring, Mi O Spring, Late Spring, Yu (yú
April: lack of moon, locust month, mid-month, wheat month, clear and harmonious month, cloudy month, full moon, locust summer, early summer, early summer, Xia Wei, Zhengyang, Chunyang, Maihou, Xia Meng, Lv Zhong, Mitsuki, etc.
May: Pu Yue, Gao (gāo) Month, Bad Month, Depressed Steaming, Petty Punishment, Tiao, Summer, Noon Month, etc.
June: and month, lotus month, seasonal month, summer month, summer month, scorching month, three summer months, dusk summer month, late summer month, summer month, extreme summer day, summer day, summer month, sunny day, the last month of summer day, forest clock, moonless day, and so on.
July: Qiao Yue, Guayue, Frosty Moon, Xiangyue, Liang Yue, Early Shang, Zhao Qiu, Early Autumn, Early Autumn, New Autumn, Last Autumn, Qiu Meng, Yize, Shen Yue, etc.
August: Zhuangyue, Gui Yue, Huoyue, Zhengqiu, Guiqiu, Shangzhong, Zhong Qiu, Lunan and Youyue.
September: Xuan Yue, Gathering Moon, Chanting Moon, Declining Moon, Late Autumn, Border Autumn, Poor Autumn, Cool Autumn, Sanqiu, Dusk, Seasonal, Edge, Frost Order, Seasonal White, Seasonal Autumn, No Shooting, and Month.
October: Qingyue, Yue Ji, silver moon, dew month, Zhengyang, Kunyue, Koharu, Xiaoyangchun, Kaidong, Shandong, Early Winter, Mengdong, Zhong Ying and Haiyue.
1 1 month: Gu Yue, jiā, Xueyue, Dragon, One Day, Winter Solstice, Midwinter, Huangzhong, Ziyue, etc.
December: Ice Moon, Twelfth Moon, Jiaping Moon, Yanyue Moon, Tuyue, Dusk Moon, Qixi Festival, Poor Festival, Poor Year, Old Age, Late Winter, Severe Winter, Residual Winter, Late Winter, Second Day, Twelfth Moon, Ji Dong, Dalu, Ugly Moon, etc.
Step 4 record a day
The nickname of the old calendar is more complicated, which can be mastered from the following aspects.
(1) Sanhuan (Huan) Remember that day?
The so-called "three hoops" are the upper, middle and lower hoops. The first ten days of each month, that is, from the first day to the tenth day, is Sheung Wan; Mid-term, that is, from November to 20, is Central; In the later period, from February/kloc-0 to 30th, it will be Xia Huan. For example, the fourth day of the first month can be recorded as "the fourth day of the first month"; February 15 can be recorded as "the fifth day of February in Huaning"; March 26 can be recorded as "the sixth day of March", and the rest can be analogized.
(2) the date of recording the moon phase
The so-called "recording the day by the moon" is to record the day according to the change of the moon's profit and loss. The first day of each month is called "New Moon", "Dan" and "New Moon", the third day is called "Moon Rise", the fifteenth day is called "Looking Back" and the sixteenth day is called "Back".
(3) Save the special date
Traditionally, some special days are given nicknames, such as:
The first day of the first month: January, New Year's Day, Jacky, Yuanshuo, Yuan Chun, Chen Yuan, Zheng Chao, Sanyuan, New Year's Day, Lv Duan, etc.
The second day of the first month to the tenth day of the first month: they are called the second day, the third day and the tenth day respectively.
The seventh day of the first month: People's Day.
The eighth day of the first month: Valley Day and Valley Birthday.
The fifteenth day of the first month: Yuanxiao, Yuanxiao, Yuanxiao, Shangyuan and Lantern Festival.
The first day of February: Zhonghe Day.
The second day of February: the dragon looks up.
February 12: The birthdays of Huachao and Baihua.
February 15: mid-spring.
Third day in March: third day, third day, third day, last day, last day, last day.
April 3 rd: the third day of the exhibition.
April 8: Buddha Bathing Day.
April 19: Huanhua Day.
The fifth day of May: Duanyang, Dragon Boat Festival, Chongwu, Chongwu, Noon Day, chāng Festival, General Festival, Summer Festival, Tianzhong Festival and May Festival.
The sixth day of June: the sixth day, a day in the sky.
July 7th: Chinese Valentine's Day, Qiao Qi Festival and Chinese Valentine's Day.
July 15th: Central Plains.
The fifth day of August: Tianchang Festival.
August 15: Mid-Autumn Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.
August 18: Chaotou's birthday.
The ninth day of September: Double Ninth Festival, Jiujiu Festival, Chrysanthemum Festival, Gordon Festival, and Old People's Day.
1October 15: Xia Yuan.
1February 24th: New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve, and May Jujube Day.
130 February: New Year's Eve, observing the new year.
Fourth, the handling of money.
1, the location of the money.
According to the type of calligraphy works, the position of strokes is also different. Banners, screens, hand scrolls, fans and other strokes are generally placed after the text; Nave's horizontal batch and lens can be placed behind the text or before and after the text.
The layout of the whole work should be considered in the arrangement of brushwork composition. When writing, we should consider the position and composition of brushwork to prevent the writing from crowding out the position of brushwork or leaving room for brushwork.
2. The font of money.
According to the different fonts of calligraphy works, the fonts of calligraphy should also be different. If the text is running script or cursive script, the font of calligraphy can be similar or the same as the text; If the characters are seal script, official script or regular script, then calligraphy is generally a lively and smooth font such as running script and cursive script. Generally speaking, casual writing is more free and easy than text.
3. The font size of money.
The font size of a paragraph is generally smaller than the font size of the text, but the situation of each work is different, and there is no fixed method for how small the words are.
Although the font of "He" is smaller than that of the main text, it is a continuation of the main text, so it is generally not necessary to change a small pen to sign money except for the list and couplets, so as not to affect the charm of the whole work.
A book club who has read it patiently will certainly gain something from your friends and collect it, and then learn slowly when writing calligraphy in the future, which is necessary for book clubs.