An important profit growth point,
Its rapid development,
Greatly stimulated consumption,
Expand domestic demand,
Pulled someone.
Sustained and rapid economic growth.
China's personal consumption credit business started late,
Financial markets reappeared.
With the intensification of market competition and the continuous expansion of personal consumption credit scale,
It has developed rapidly, but it also has many potentials.
The problem is gradually emerging.
How to solve these problems correctly is very important for the development of this business in China.
Important role, especially in the current market system is not perfect, these problems need to be solved urgently.
Key words:
Personal consumption credit
danger
commercial bank
Social credit system
legal system
Consumer credit is a new business of commercial banks in China, which refers to the credit support of commercial banks.
Hold,
Based on consumers' credit and future purchasing power,
According to the management regulations of commercial banks,
correct
Loans granted by consumers to purchase consumer goods or pay other expenses related to personal consumption.
it is
Financial institutions provide funds to consumers,
A form of credit used to meet the needs of consumers.
reach everywhere
Just after the global financial crisis,
China's economy has entered the stage of insufficient domestic demand,
During the period of weak consumption,
for me
The long-term sustainable development of China's economy,
We must further stimulate domestic consumer credit to give full play to its role.
Leverage of national economy. The most important thing is to improve the personal credit information system.
In recent years,
China's financial industry has developed rapidly,
Banking institutions at all levels are all over the country.
People's ideas also come from
The primitive accumulated consumption tradition is gradually replaced by the credit consumption concept of debt consumption.
therefore
China's consumer credit business has made great progress.
Business types are gradually expanding,
From personal housing to cars
Car,
Help students and other fields.
However, China has not yet established a relatively perfect consumer credit system.
and
The proportion of personal consumption loans in the total credit of developed countries
20
﹪
-30
In comparison, the gap is still very large.
our country
The development of consumer credit lags behind,
Restrictions on the movement of residents have been strengthened,
Restrict consumers' "debt consumption"
line
Used in production. enter
20 1 1
In 2000, China faced increasing inflationary pressure and restricted housing.
Problems such as the uncertain development prospect of real estate economy require commercial banks to have practical countermeasures.
Reverse the unfavorable situation of personal credit business.
This burden falls on experts and scholars,
They have conducted continuous research and analysis on this,
and
Put forward feasible countermeasures to deal with the risks of personal credit business.
First of all, it starts with the analysis of the risk causes of personal consumption credit.
Li Jie believes that there are three key points:
( 1)
First of all, at the beginning of the loan, some credit investigators intended to borrow money.
Where the person providing relevant information fails to fulfill the obligation of investigation and verification,
Is the borrower's valid identity and repayment source implemented?
Green,
Lack of investigation on the source of borrowers' first repayment,
This has led to many cases of fraudulent loans and fake mortgages.
sequence
Second,
In the process of loan issuance,
As part of the loan review,
The examination and approval form of the approver transferred by the credit investigator and its
He didn't check the relevant information carefully,
The control is not strict,
Even illegally issuing large personal consumption comprehensive loans,
business
Review,
Approval is useless,
As a result, a large number of fake personal loans were successfully passed repeatedly.
Third,
That was after the loan.
In terms of management,
Some credit personnel failed to meet the requirements of the Employer and the mortgage project progress,
Automobile dealer management
Situation,
And the borrower's situation,
Failing to perform the post-loan management duties.
When the individual disappears,
After the non-performing loan is formed by the charging credit,
Individual commercial banks even collect loans with loans,
Personal comprehensive consumption through vacation
Lending, borrowing new and returning old, borrowing interest, borrowing advances and other means to cover up the truth.
Li Ligang believes that the factor that restricts the development of consumer credit is the restriction of consumption concept.
For a long time,
Suffer from shortage
Economic impact,
The vast majority of consumers in China are still bound by traditional consumption concepts.
Unwilling to be in debt
Burden,
Not to mention consciously spending ahead of time and using consumer credit.
In the vast rural areas of our country,
loan
Consumption is considered shameful by the people.
If there is no obvious change in consumer credit awareness, consumer credit
Loans, especially in rural areas, will be passive water.
A tree without roots. If the concept of consumption is not updated, traditional consumption
Literature review
Literature review
If the concept is not broken, the development of personal consumption credit market will be difficult.
Zhang Yan studied the regional imbalance of consumer credit development.
It is considered that the current loan placement area
Concentrated in areas with better market economy environment,
Especially in big cities.
The field of consumption is one-sided,
All walks of life
The development of service varieties is also extremely uneven.
The balance of individual housing loans accounts for a large proportion.
Personal housing in recent years
The proportion of loans to the total consumption loan balance is
seven
Above all, other parts of the business are gradually shrinking. not only
Limited to these aspects,
In Ye Xiaofei's view, there is another key point.
It is the collateral realization channel of credit.
Narrow roads,
High cost,
Weak credit supervision.
Loan collateral is a tool used by banks and other financial institutions to resolve asset risks.
An important means.
As the secondary market of consumer goods in China is still in its infancy,
The transaction order is not standardized,
The trading laws and regulations are not perfect,
All kinds of procedures are complicated,
The transaction cost is high,
This makes it difficult for banks to provide collateral.
Liquidation and loan guarantee exist in name only. And in order to expand profits and seize market share,
Lowering the loan standards and guarantee conditions without authorization,
Lending blindly,
Directly lead to risk accumulation,
Not conducive to personal consumption
The healthy development of credit business.
In general,
The risk causes of personal credit are nothing more than these two aspects.
External cause and internal cause
Because.
The external reason is mainly the current social environment in China.
And the impact of the international environment,
Leading to China's
There is no stable environment for the development of people's credit business, and citizens still have conceptual constraints on debt consumption.
The internal reason is that the internal management of financial institutions such as banks is unscientific.
In terms of reviewing and issuing loans.
Festivals are full of loopholes and people don't trust them, so it is difficult to develop rapidly.
Secondly,
From the solution analysis.
All in all,
Many scholars put forward countermeasures from the following aspects.
Policy.
Hu Kun,
Ye Xiaofei and others believe that the key is to promote the legislative process of consumer credit.
Improve the legal environment.
because
China's personal consumption credit business started late and developed rapidly, which led to the lag of legislation of relevant government departments.
Promote the legislative process of consumer credit,
Establish,
Sounds include:
Creditor's rights assignment system,
Personal bankruptcy system,
Legal systems such as standard contract supervision system,
Let's properly handle the problems in the consumer credit market.
Depend on. In particular, it is necessary to clarify the obligations of consumers in personal consumption credit activities.
Responsibility, obligation and protection of related rights
Barriers.
Xuan Defei and Li believe that it is urgent to establish and improve the social credit system.
(2)
Including personal credit reporting agencies.
Department and personal credit evaluation system,
Is beneficial to reducing the transaction cost,
Restrain information asymmetry among credit subjects
Happened in,
Avoid adverse selection and moral hazard.
Besides,
Perfecting the personal credit system is mainly embodied in individuals.
Credit evaluation system,
Institutions,
Three aspects of evaluation index,
We should speed up the construction in these areas.
Perfect the individual
Credit collection system,
Summarize all relevant personal credit information,
Establish an information sharing mechanism,
eliminate
The information asymmetry between banks and consumers has established a perfect index system for evaluating personal credit.
Department,
And set up a special intermediary to evaluate personal credit,
And supervise the evaluation behavior of intermediaries.
(3)
Quiet believes that it is necessary to improve the internal credit management mechanism of banks and establish scientific personal consumption credit.
Management system is essential.
Put an end to illegal business operations,
Strengthen internal management and improve the competitiveness of banks.
needle
Complex application procedures for consumer credit business in China.
Commercial banks should provide consumers with one-stop payment.
Financial services, one-on-one transactions with customers, that is, all procedures and supporting documents,
Agreement, etc. It is made by banks and customers.
Applicants do not need to spend a lot of time and energy to sign the relevant departments.
But by banks and related.
The accreditation unit coordinates and forms inter-departmental communication.
Instead of communicating with customers and departments,
Business capital
Waste resources.
This management system should include issuing loans,
Tracking,
Monitoring and other processes.
At the same time, we should also take into account
Modern risk early warning mechanism of personal consumption.
So as to strengthen the previous loans,
In the loan,
Post-loan risk warning
Force,
Finally, the balance mechanism will be realized,
Guard against personal consumption credit risk.
In this regard,
I think
A special personal consumption loan approval center can be set up.
Personal credit business process reengineering,
carry
The professional level of employees is high,
Implement intensive management.
Implement classified management,
Carry out classification authorization,
In view of the management level and risk control ability of each branch,
Realize different authorization management and program operation,
and
Literature review
Literature review
Implement refined management.
Improve the social security system and increase residents' income and purchasing power. This countermeasure has also been proposed by many scholars.
The government should strive to raise the income level of residents,
Enhance its purchasing power,
And through the establishment of specialized social security management institutions
Manage departments and improve the social security system,
In order to stimulate their immediate consumption ability and their ability to bear consumer credit,
correct
Change the traditional consumption concept,
So as to promote the development of personal consumption credit.
Improve residents' income level and purchasing power
High consumption is the fundamental driving force to promote the development of consumer credit. Only by stimulating residents' consumption desire and improving credit repayment ability can the development of consumer credit be promoted.
Force, and gradually establish a scientific and moderate consumption concept, in order to promote the healthy and orderly development of personal consumption credit.
Some scholars believe that the guarantee system should be improved.
The guarantee system is when the first repayment source of the loan is at risk.
Necessary assurances,
It is also a powerful weapon to restrict the credit degree of borrowers.
Before the introduction of China's consumer credit law,
On the one hand, commercial banks should seriously study and analyze the relevant provisions of existing laws and regulations.
There are few descriptions of legal disputes,
keep
Easy to become collateral.
Unclear property rights
、
It is difficult to realize cash, and the existing laws are controversial.
Pledge is generally not accepted. The selected collateral must be legal, sufficient and effective. On the other hand, business
Banks should reasonably define the scope of guarantors.
The borrower's own good conditions,
Stable income,
Guarantees can be implemented.
Insurance loan.
Guarantors should choose high-end customers with high credit.
And at least its own comprehensive conditions are not low.
To the borrower.
It is very clear that scholars have expressed their views on this issue by carefully reading the recent journal papers.
Clearly present risks and countermeasures,
Some people also use models for analysis.
Generally speaking, the research has been sufficient.
Yes However, I still found some subtle shortcomings in this process, that is, in dealing with the problem of "people"
Few feasible schemes are put forward,
Mostly just management,
System,
Legal issues have been thoroughly expounded.
Go ahead,
I don't think these can fundamentally solve the current problem.
of course，
Everyone is looking for it in the system.
The problem is also reasonable.
Because many legal systems in China are not perfect,
Especially the social credit system.
Department,
Is the key.
To study and formulate personal credit evaluation methods,
Unified evaluation criteria,
Establish a scientific and effective
Personal credit system,
It is the premise of personal consumption credit business.
Legal issues can also reflect
The current reality.
But we must put people first,
Governing the country in an all-round way according to law,
Only in this way can the credit business develop.
Provide a platform suitable for development. So I think we should focus on "people" now.
Go ahead,
How to reflect the credit status of every citizen more comprehensively and accurately,
How can we be both human and human?
Grasping this information scientifically,
Establish a complete personal credit system.
I didn't think deeply about the previous scholars.
I think I can put forward some useful ideas through my own thinking.
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