Biomass pyrolysis technology is a new type of biomass energy utilization technology, which converts biomass with low energy density into gas, liquid and solid products with high energy density. Liquid products have the advantages of convenient transportation and storage, and can replace fuel oil for power generation, heating system and extraction of mineral oil for some important chemicals. This paper introduces all kinds of research and progress of this technology at home and abroad, and briefly introduces the experimental device for rapid liquefaction of biomass independently developed by University of Shanghai for Science and Technology.

Research status and progress of biomass pyrolysis technology

/Article/2007/2007 03/ 144 17 . html

Biomass liquefaction technology

This technology is a process of preparing liquid fuel from biomass. Converting biomass into liquid fuel is the best way to effectively utilize biomass energy. Transformation methods can be divided into thermal method, biochemical method, mechanical method and chemical method. Biomass liquefaction's main products are alcohol and biodiesel.

Alcohol is an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon with the molecular formula of R-OH, where R stands for alkyl. Commonly used are methanol and ethanol. Methanol can be obtained by distillation of lignocellulose or synthesized by catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The raw materials for methanol production are relatively cheap, but the equipment investment is large. Acetylene and ethylene, the pyrolysis products of biomass, can synthesize ethanol, but the energy consumption is too high, so it is economical and feasible to prepare ethanol by saccharification and fermentation of biomass. Generally speaking, more than 60% of the cost of ethanol production is made up of raw materials. Therefore, it is very important to choose cheap raw materials to reduce the cost of ethanol. There are two main raw materials for ethanol production, one is essential fiber raw materials, the other is plant raw materials rich in sugar, and agricultural wastes, such as sorghum straw, corn straw and sugar residue, can also be selected.

Ethanol has been used as fuel for a long time. 1900, an internal combustion engine using ethanol appeared in Britain. The energy crisis since 1970s has made ethanol fuel develop again. According to statistics, tens of millions of cars in the world use gasoline mixed with ethanol as fuel.

Biodiesel is an esterified fuel similar to diesel oil, which is produced by adding a certain amount of alcohols into animal and vegetable oils and through chemical reaction under the action of catalysts. Biodiesel can be directly used in diesel engines instead of diesel, and can also be mixed with diesel. The renewability and low pollution of biomass liquid fuel make it a good alternative energy source, and it has lasting vitality as a power fuel and power generation energy source, but it is still affected by the oil market at present.

Brazil uses sugarcane to produce ethanol on a large scale as automobile fuel to replace imported oil and save foreign exchange. More than 480 processing plants have been built, with an annual output of 654.38+02.7 billion liters of ethanol, and the cumulative number of ethanol vehicles has reached more than 5.3 million. In America, corn, potatoes, etc. Used to produce ethanol, gasoline is infiltrated as automobile fuel in the ratio of 1: 10. There are 39 factories in 1993, with an annual output of ethanol 1 1 billion gallons, and each ton of corn can produce 40 gallons of ethanol.

Research progress of biomass liquefaction technology

/html/0047/2004 723 _ 842 _ 1 . html