Poetry on lacquerware 1. What poems describe "sculpture"?

1, elegant pigment and yellow, modest, light and energetic. Without a sculptor, it is natural for you to do so. -Zhang said "Yong Piao"

Interpretation: This is a poem about objects. Zhang said that there are few poems about objects, but this poem is very interesting, which combines the word game in the early Tang Dynasty with the philosophical meaning of poets.

2, I smell westernization, clean road. How can you be poor except for gold and jade? Sculpture is glorious. -Chen Ziang's "Thirty-eight Experience Poems"

Interpretation: During the reign of Wu Zetian, people plundered their wealth and built Buddhist temples on a large scale throughout the country. The size of the Buddhist temple exceeds that of the palace. After the rise of the Buddha worship project, tens of thousands of people have to be served every day, and the national treasury has been exhausted, making people miserable.

3, who is looking forward to at the beginning of carving, I will be proud of myself. God melts away and overcomes the intrusion. -Du Fu's Forty Rhymes of Prince Bohua in Xiazhou

Commentary: It is one of the poems written by Du Fu, a great poet in Tang Dynasty.

4. The butterfly flies from the clouds from time to time. Yin and Yang are carved like birds, as small as phoenix and chicken. -Qian Qi's Song of Purple Ginseng

Interpretation: One of the poems of Qian Qi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.

5, chic and sparse, like a honey room sculpture. I don't like heavy makeup and powder, so I borrowed a touch of yellow. -Zhao Shichang's "Many things are grinded, and the books are scattered."

Interpretation: Good news "near" refers to the prelude to dance music, which belongs to a tune in Daqu.

6. Xiao Yan was surprised, and the flyover was once carved. Relying on the horse's talent, Lingyun escaped, and Lu Juedan was straightforward. -Liu Yiting's Niannujiao, So the Mountain is Autumn Night'

Commentary: This is a poem written by Liu Yi in Song Dynasty.

7. Painful painting of Yu Tu is impossible, but human sculpture is really a pair of mandarin ducks. Dreams are like jade. -Xin Qiji's "Returning to Chao Huan, Flowers at the foot of the mountain are too vulgar"

Interpretation: This work writes a mourning for the misfortune of zhaojie An and Ye Meihua, and also expresses their regret that they can't escape their sadness. It is meaningful and worthy of readers' deep thinking. This word is about the loveliness of a wild plum blossom on the mountain and the affection, elegance and moving caused by it.

8. Carve a knife for wisdom. Disdain to belong to each other, preach, and mention children. -Han Yu's "Ode to Snow, Give Zhang Ji"

Explanation: Carve on wood, stone, bone and metal. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Daoyuan wrote "Notes on Water Classics and Turbulent Water": "The speaker, the gold, silver, copper and tin are just beginning to bloom, and the vermicelli carvings are rotten." Liang and Liu in the Southern Dynasties wrote in "On Forgiveness with Friends": "Carve a hundred pieces and pound everything." In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shizhen's Fan Jichuan of Ikebukuro Qinyi IV: "Twenty volumes of Fan Jichuan of Du Mu were presented as old collections, and the Song edition collected by Xu Jian 'an was the most exquisite carving. "2. refers to sculpture. Song Meng talked to the demon: "The cauliflower in the garden is famous, and there are still buddhas sitting in the flowers, which are shaped like sculptures. "Guo Moruo's trip to the Soviet Union on June 13th": "The streets are full of foreign goods, and pure Indian goods are mostly handmade. There are ivory carvings, aloes boxes and patent leather rafts everywhere. Zhu Ziqing's Essays on Europe, Venice: "The Picture of Futurism Cubism"

9. The King of Yue skillfully broke the kingdom of Fucha to make a donation and carve it again. Shi's Drunk Dance is full of flowers, and she is jealous and arrogant. -Li Shen's "Gusutai Miscellaneous Sentences"

Interpretation: It is a poem of the Tang Dynasty.

10, Lotus Fairy Temple, Mountain Root Carving. The stone sweat knows the rain, and the golden mud falls on the sacred word. -Bao Rong's "Zen Temple Yuan Jing"

Interpretation: Bao Rong, the word, the year of birth and death is unknown, Yuan and four years of Jinshi. He was an important poet in the middle Tang Dynasty.

2. Urgent for articles on lacquerware (essays, argumentations, etc. , except explanatory articles)

In recent years, in the auction market, Korean lacquerware has emerged and created many amazing sky-high prices.

For example, in 2007, a lacquer ware in the Warring States period sold for a high price of 3.52 million yuan; In 2004, a lacquer box with dragon and phoenix patterns in the Warring States period sold for 6.5438+0.54 million yuan. However, it is quite puzzling that the lacquerware of the Warring States and Han Dynasties, which is made of wood and painted with lacquerware, has not only not rotted at all after thousands of years, but also remains as bright as new, glowing with touching artistic charm.

What kind of craftsmanship did the ancients rely on to make Korean lacquerware so magical? To solve this mystery, our reporter recently visited Mr. Xu Xiaolong, a famous cultural relic appraiser. Jianbao: We know that wood is easily influenced by natural environment, and wet or dry environment will accelerate its decay. Coupled with long-term use, it can be said that it is difficult for wood to maintain its original appearance for a long time.

Then why are lacquerware made of wood, but it can still shine as new after thousands of years? Xu Xiaolong: To answer this question, we must first compare how lacquerware is made. During the Warring States and Han Dynasties, lacquerware was in its heyday. People used wood as the embryo to make lacquerware, and the selected wood was the extremely precious golden nanmu at that time.

As we all know, Nanmu, which was extinct in China in the Ming Dynasty, is not afraid of water, even if it is soaked for many years. At the same time, in the use of lacquer, natural lacquer extracted from lacquer tree juice was selected for Korean lacquer ware.

The specific manufacturing process is to cut Jin Sinan wood into various shapes, scrape off paint ash, and then polish it to make the carcass of lacquerware. Then draw it repeatedly and decorate it with colorful pictures.

After that, the finished product is dried in the greenhouse and finally made into lacquerware. It can be seen from this that the Korean lacquer ware is made of gold nanmu with waterproof ability and coated with natural paint, which is not only bright and dazzling, but also has unusual anti-corrosion, acid and alkali resistance because of its similar properties and close combination with paint, so it can keep bright as new for a long time.

Lacquerware in the Warring States and Han Dynasties was not a treasure handed down from ancient times: natural wood, together with natural lacquer of wood, could naturally have such an effect, but as far as I know, lacquerware was rarely or hardly handed down from ancient times. Why? Xu Xiaolong: Yes, according to historical records, lacquerware handed down from ancient times became extinct in the Song Dynasty. This is because it is stronger than porcelain, but it is made of wood after all. In long-term use, due to the influence of the external environment, it will naturally wear out. Coupled with the improvement of porcelain-making technology, war and other reasons, lacquerware withdrew from the historical stage in the Eastern Han Dynasty, so it did not realize orderly collection like bronzes. It can be said that all the lacquerware we can see today are unearthed.

Jianbao: Although the environment in the tomb is more stable than the outside world, it is also very complicated. Besides bronzes, jades and other funerary objects can be effectively preserved, many silk and paper products will be preserved after long-term burial. Why can lacquerware be immune to it? Xu Xiaolong: Judging from the excavations over the years, lacquerware, as a funerary object, can't avoid soil erosion in tombs. There is a saying in archaeology that "dry for 1000 years, wet for 10 thousand years, semi-dry and not wet for half a year."

The same is true of lacquerware. Unearthed in the pit, not only the color will lose its luster, but also the wood will be completely carbonized and blackened after thousands of years of burial. Lacquerware unearthed in puddles, soaked in water for a long time, will ooze a lot of water, make the appearance swell and attach a lot of mud.

Unearthed lacquerware must be dehydrated. Treasure: In that case, how did the exquisite lacquerware we saw today come from? Xu Xiaolong: We say that it is because of the immersion of water that lacquerware can be restored to its original appearance more than 2,500 years ago. First of all, water can isolate air, thus delaying the oxidation speed of lacquerware.

Secondly, nanmu is naturally waterproof. Even if a large amount of water is infiltrated, its internal fiber structure is not destroyed and there is no corruption. Secondly, because the lacquer used in lacquerware is from lacquer tree, its internal structure is similar to that of wood, which is closely combined with wood tire and has good affinity.

Therefore, after soaking, the lacquer layer of lacquerware did not appear to be separated from the wooden tire. Based on these two points, today's people only need some special means to effectively dehydrate lacquerware infiltrated with a lot of water and restore its former appearance.

For example, archaeologists can use physical methods, such as freezing, vacuum thermal drying, or put them in a centrifuge for rapid drying. You can also use chemicals instead of water molecules.

However, although these methods take a short time, the effect is not very good. At present, the most effective method known is natural drying. First, dig an underground hole with a depth of 5 meters near the ground where the lacquerware comes out in the puddle, then dig a hole with a square of 2 square meters horizontally, then wrap the lacquerware with sacks or wet cloth, put it in, and then cover it with sawdust.

After that, in order to slow down the drying speed of lacquerware, so that it does not crack, wrinkle or deform, it is necessary to continuously spray water and turn over the surface for maintenance. In short, it is to let lacquerware slowly remove the moisture inside and outside under the condition of constant temperature and humidity.

It is understood that it takes a long time to dry lacquerware in puddles in this way, and it usually takes more than one year for small utensils. It takes more than two years to become a big player.

But even with such care, 20% to 30% of the utensils will be damaged. Dehydrated lacquerware is the real treasure: because it must be dehydrated after being unearthed, is it helpful to identify lacquerware seen in the market? Xu Xiaolong: Yes, as we just said, the lacquerware of the Warring States and Han Dynasties was not handed down from ancient times, and what we see today is unearthed.

Moreover, only lacquerware unearthed in the puddle can be restored to its original appearance after dehydration. Therefore, all dehydrated, completely dry or slightly moisture-containing lacquerware can be judged as genuine.

Of course, judging whether a lacquer ware is dehydrated also requires certain skills. First of all, all dehydrated lacquerware is lighter than before burial.

Because in the process of dehydration, not only the water will leave the lacquer ware, but also the organic matter in the wooden tire will be dissolved and removed with the loss of water, so it is lighter than the log tire in weight. Secondly, there will be mussel light on the surface of any dehydrated lacquer.

Because it was soaked in water in the tomb.

3. Poetry about porcelain

Send Song Peng Li Ruzhi, a poem by Xu Tuntian, to the floating beam to burn porcelain skillfully, and the color is better than Qiong Jiu.

I never like you alone because of the official illness. Older people sigh and engage in ancient times.

Yong Jingdezhen Wuranting Ming Temple Zhou Zongtao House leans on the shore, and the boat sails back to Jiang Lai every day; Workers don't have to be smart, this device can throw away the materials in the county. Give Hao Jiuming and Li Rihua a gift to find cinnabar in the city, and the pine sound cloud is empty from the pot; You light the Liu Xia lamp and go to Pan Lanting Jiuqu Spring.

The book presented to Hao Nineteen Yu Heng Xuan Kiln is very thick, and the world name is Hao Nineteen; There are even more beautiful poems. I look back at Lushan Mountain. White jade and Phnom Penh plain porcelain tires Qing Li Hong (Qianlong) white jade and Phnom Penh plain porcelain tires, carved dragons and painted phoenixes cleverly arranged; Exquisite and exquisite, you can see the green hills in silence.

Title Xuande Ruby Red Glazed Bowl Qing Li Hong (Emperor Qianlong) When the rain falls over the feet and the clouds hang down, the sunset shines alone; The mud is clear and the iron is stained with cinnabar. This bowl of pottery is fine in color. Li Hong (Qianlong) in Ji Hong bottle of Yongxuan kiln is dizzy like Xia Jihong after rain, and the fire is slightly roasted; The cinnabar in the world is not what it should be, and it is difficult for western gems to be the same.

Flower arrangement should make flowers blush, which is more hollow than painting. In 2008, the porcelain of China Dynasty was unparalleled, and the kiln was called the first in the coming year.

Don't let you decide the official songs, let alone the quality of Yongle blank? In the play, Jpua, Cheng Qing and Xu Jinzhai claimed that pottery boasted about the previous dynasty and the collection price was higher than Yinglin. Jing yuan has been casting for 300 years, and recently pushed Langyao.

Lang Yao, formerly known as Zhongcheng, is fond of ancient balance essence. Fishing for legal algae has been raging for three thousand years.

Fan Jinhe's earthenware is the oldest. Some officials decided to look for your firewood, which was searched on the ground and unearthed.

Zhong Cheng is fond of the past and has a legacy, and his politics is idle and artistic. After the rain, the sky is blue and jade red, and the palaces and temples are bright and resplendent.

Beauty Lang Feiluo, a wandering beauty in Jingdezhen, has nothing to see when innocent girl comes here. Looking down, the whole place is like a burning fire, and three thousand stoves smoke together.

The sky is full of fog, and the smoke keeps turning like a wheel. The yellow luster condenses the brush and the flowers turn into red clouds.

Back in the town, the factory felt it was obvious that Tang Ying had returned to the ancient town, and Guangdong was like a dream. The heart of the mountain remains unchanged, and the state of human feelings is life and death.

There are still thousands of merchants, and pottery smoke is still five colors long. There is a struggle for identity on the roadside of the elderly. Although people are old, they are not decadent.

Ding Mao returned to Yunyang in the middle of winter and stayed in Zhushan Taoists for 20 years. Qing lives by the river and Yu 'an lives in his hometown. It's raining in Bili Village, Ma 'anshan, and the wind of the duck tail boat is light.

The uncanny workmanship is outside the flute and drum, and it is appreciated in the Tao. The frost remover said to Yunyang Road, and maple trees are like spring trees.

Yao Minxing produces fine porcelain in Jingdezhen, Jiaba, shenqing, but porcelain is not handmade; Artisans came from all directions, and artifacts became the world. There are many people living in Ye Tao, and his career has not even kept pace with the times; The rich make money and the poor work hard.

The index finger is a million cigarettes, and Chinese and foreign Jia Kezhen; There are many ants and leeches in the rough house, and pottery candles and cows fight. Metropolis is more difficult than men, and floating color is the thumb.

Poems on the Yangtze River (choose two): Qingling is like gold, heavy water hammer catches the river open, and it doesn't rain for miles; The mud is thicker and the rice is chiseled. Pray that the ship will not return to town. A hundred kinds of fine porcelain are hard to choose, and Ji Hong and Ji Cui are better than Qiong Yao; Therefore, there are no foreign products in the basin at home, and I don't envy Ge Kiln and Ding Kiln.

Fu Zhu Liangzhi Ci (choose one) Zheng Qingfeng's factory and the green fields in the clouds, Jia Chuan berthed in Wu Peng in the rain; In the dead of night, the dream of returning home was awakened, and the kiln fire was bright red on both sides. Tao Yang Zhi Zhu Ci (choose nine) Zheng Tinggui grasshopper honeycomb lane crooked, blank workers painted blue and white day and night; Now they are all from other provinces, and there are several local kiln gangs.

White glaze is removed from the blank house, and loess is packed in the box factory; In the dispute of getting on and off the ferry, the firewood boat closed and the boat sailed. The firewood on the dock is piled separately, and the man collects and counts it; Visitors to the kiln site are in a hurry, once every three days.

The name of Qiao porcelain is still alive, and the dark furnace in Phnom Penh is open; Xi Shou was not sold by farmers. Yesterday, the new kiln was tested. The green kiln burns the dragon jar and praises the old and new gangs in the same trade; Tao Qing Tao Chengqi will attend the meeting and reward God for singing solo every day.

Nine domain porcelain merchants enter the city, and their teeth are opened as designed; You know, the treasure has traveled across the ocean, and Ambassador Annan of China paid tribute. Fill the putty lightly and skillfully, and it is estimated that the pile is bright and dark; I made an appointment with my basket-carrying partner, and Huang Jiazhou came to the mainland.

Goose neck beach is full of water, barges and straw piled up like mountains; Porcelain will be shipped soon. I hope Lang will return it later. Welcome the teachers' meeting in May Festival and worship the wind and fire immortals in June; Kong Lung once read Don Gong Ji. Adults always depend on heaven.

Posthumous title Hao Jiuqing Zhu Yan Danquan brothers have a long-standing reputation, and the new town plan is following suit; The lantern is alone on the river, and the poet is hidden in the pot. Tao Ge (thirty-five selected works) Han Ji of the Qing Palace, Tao Yang, a male town in the south of the Yangtze River, is full of wonderful porcelain; Half-kiln households in the 20-mile long street, take him down and tell Duchang to follow the road.

It is not surprising that Wu Denian's so-called fake jade porcelain is today's real jade; Ordinary work, referred to by thousands of people, is known by difficult material resources. As the old saying goes, children are not used to blanks; Refined to be very thick and ripe, a model is a good porcelain.

Several circular machines are put on the plate to see the hand blank; The blank is circulated with two fingers, leaving a long handle without carving. The blank is laid on the board, and the new blank is not cut or smeared with mud; Tao Jun has been a good craftsman since ancient times. He is a strange model.

The blank does not crack and needs turning, and the round light of the knife needle is not bad; This is a matter of self-cultivation, which is disgraceful. The painting blank should be glazed, dipped and blown, and should be uniform and round; There are only blue and white paint materials first, and there is always time for new tricks.

Blue and white shades show the good end, and the magnetic blank picture is wide; Do you know Feng Wei Song Shang? It is known that the cover glaze is the same. White glazed blue and white flowers become flowers in one fire, and the flowers spit out from the glaze; You can participate in the creation of Tai Chi Hallows with innate wonder and infinite origin.

Look at him blowing glaze like a flute, and the small tube is veiled without water; Last week, there was no gap, and the vitality needed to be adjusted. The green material only praises the leek edge, and the description of the kiln is light and fresh; Jia Zheng's color is still relatively strong, so it's best to wear pearls and babel.

If you use lots of sheep, you can learn how to write. Look at his glaze color as ink, as if it were snowing in the pool. There are many glazed fruits in Guan Gu's family, including mirror grinding of fetal quality; If it is not as brittle as a rice cooker, the fruit glaze will be mixed with gray water.

Glazing seems to wrinkle easily, and the general rotation is always uniform; If you leave brown eyes and caviar, you will get a slight scar. Crossing the Goose Neck Beach is Guanzhuang, and people along the coast do not plant mulberry; Burn the sagger with sand and mud with bare hands and laugh at his plate full of mulberry lang.

Saggers have different origins and are generally piled by sand workers; There are even flat box cleaners, looking at steamed bread coming out from a distance. Sagger might as well burn it and hide it as thin as possible; Once the fire is raging, who can learn more?

The Wei family handed down the big kiln and once worked hard. It can be seen that hard work is as good as children and grandchildren. The kiln is full of fire day and night, and the eyes are golden to see the smoke; Raw and cooked will always be judged.

4. celadon poetry

Send to Zhao Yanxiu.

Year: Song Author: Li Lv

In June, the world of mortals is like fire, and rain is coming.

Gradually, the apples began to get cold, and they were pushed into the ice vortex to clear them.

Wang Sun did whatever he wanted, shooting Jia Que all over Cao.

Natural talents are useful, so don't wait for others to tell you.

For several years, I bowed my head and begged for mercy, and it was quite pitiful when I was cold.

On praising every good man, you can look down on courtiers.

Although he lived in seclusion and was ashamed to retreat, he learned from others in Chai Men.

Every time I look at gulls by the water, I don't want to learn from cotton in the suburbs.

Swim if you can avoid it, but you can't taste it if you taste it.

I will stay for half a day before I leave, and I will say goodbye when I am covered in celadon.

If the autumn wind meets Nanfeihong, just send a message to comfort.

5. What was the most exquisite wooden lacquerware in ancient China?

As early as six or seven thousand years ago, during the Liangzhu culture period, China was able to make lacquer bowls.

In Shang dynasty, pigments of various colors were mixed into lacquer liquid, and the practice of sticking gold foil and embedding turquoise on lacquerware appeared. After the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, the technique of making lacquerware became more and more sophisticated.

1956, a drum stand with a phoenix and a tiger seat was unearthed from Chu tomb in Changtaiguan, Xinyang. With distinctive Chu culture style, it is the most exquisite wooden lacquerware in ancient China. It is now in the Henan Provincial Museum. The height 162 cm, length 140 cm and width of the drum platform of the phoenix bird and tiger are 26 cm.

The whole vessel is molded by woodcarving first, and then painted. The seat is two tigers face to face, with their mouths open, their teeth exposed, their oval eyes, their tails tilted, their limbs bent forward and crouched.

The body is dyed with black paint and decorated with silver-gray moire to symbolize fur. There are not many knives and pens, but they have both form and spirit.

There is a phoenix bird standing on the tiger. Two phoenixes stood back to back, holding their heads high and flapping their wings, with an oval bead in their mouth. The phoenix bird holds the pearl, which means good luck.

Phoenix birds are dyed with black paint and painted with decorative patterns such as feathers with gray paint. The head is cirrus-shaped, the neck is decorated with scales, and the back is painted with deformed triangular patterns. Feathers are carved on the tail wing, and then fine fluff is drawn along the outline of each feather pattern, which is very fine. Its phoenix bird soars into the sky like an eagle, elegant and heroic.

The tiger is short, and its expression seems unable to bear the weight of the phoenix bird. People can appreciate the unique brilliance of Chu culture.