English abstracts are limited to about 500 notional words, which must generally be described in the third person past tense. Accurate words, strong logic and rigorous structure. Results and conclusions are generally expressed in sentences; Purpose and method (design, place and object) are often expressed in phrases.
(1) Tense and Voice of English Abstracts
1) explains the purpose of learning, and generally uses the simple present tense or the simple past tense.
2) Explain the methods and results, generally expressed in the past tense and the passive voice of the third person.
3) The conclusion is usually expressed in the simple present tense and passive voice, and can also be expressed in the active voice.
(2) Common sentence patterns
1) Common sentence patterns to express the content of the paper
Subjective dynamics of the third person
This article (article, report) describes ... This article describes. ...
(2) This article (article) reports ... This article reports. ...
This report (paper, article) introduces … This article introduces …
④ This article (article, report) discusses ... This article discusses ...
Commonly used verbs include analysis, evaluation, comparison and description.
First-person subjective dynamics
We report (about) … We report …
We described a case … We described 1 case …
⑦ In this article, we introduce … This article introduces …
In this article, we report that ... This article reports that ...
Besides us, the author can also be the subject.
Simple present tense passive voice
Pet-name ruby reported a case … This article reported 1 case …
Attending this paper reports the research of ….
8 ... be described. This article describes …
⑥ In this article ... is presented. This article introduces ...
2) Common sentence patterns to express purpose
Simple past tense and passive voice
The purpose of this study is ... The purpose of this study is ...
② The purpose of this survey is ... The purpose of this study is ...
③ This study aims at ... This study aims at ...
④ This study aims at ... This study aims at ...
⑤ The purpose of this prospective study is …
⑥ Research on ... The purpose of (during ...) research is ...
Have tried to ... do experiments for ... ...
Verb infinitive phrase
Evaluate, report, investigate, study, analyze …
Simple past tense, active voice
We (the author) conducted a study for … We conducted a study.
To determine …, we studied … to determine …, we studied …
We made a preliminary study for ... We made a preliminary study for ...
Commonly used verbs expressing purpose are: evaluation, observation, determination, clarification, exploration, test, comparison, evaluation, assessment and investigation.
3) Expressions of common sentence patterns
A method
Expression research types: prospective, retrospective, cohort, case control, in vivo, in vitro.
Adopting ... (technology), we studied ... we studied. ...
People found out that ... (We) found out. ...
(3) ... measure with ... (We) measure. ...
(4) ... analyzed (reviewed) by ... (we) analyzed (reviewed) ...
(5) ... treat ... (us) with ... ...
6 ... 6 ... measurement consists of ... measured. ...
Commonly used verbs are: research, measurement, determination, investigation, isolation, demonstration, inspection, identification and so on.
Group B (subjects are usually patients, subjects and animals)
⑦ ... be randomly divided into ... groups ... be randomly divided into ... groups.
⑧ ... is divided into ... based groups ... according to ... except ... to ... groups.
Pet-name ruby grouping is as follows: grouping is as follows:
Treatment or examination method
Patients who participate in ... performing (using) ... our implementation (application). ...
(patients) underwent … endoscopy (patients) underwent … endoscopy.
Surgery, laboratory tests (immunohistochemistry, molecular biology …) Surgical methods, test methods …
statistical method
Statistical methods: students' t-test, χ2 … for
4) Common sentence patterns expressing results
General sentence patterns
(1) The result shows (proves) ... The result shows that ...
② Discover ... (We) Discover. ...
(3) observed ..... We observed. ...
Sentences 2 and 3 can also be changed to the first person: we found … and we observed …
B increase or decrease
(4) decreased (40%) … decreased (40%) …
⑤ ... decreased by 70% ... observed ... observed decrease ... (70%).
⑥ The altitude is (65438 05%) ... increasing (15%).
⑦ ... lead to (significant) growth of ... lead to (significant) increase. ...
⑧ ... was dropped out of school from ... to ... ...
Common verbs indicating increase or decrease are rising, rising, falling, falling, falling, falling and so on. It can be expressed by the number or multiple of net increase or decrease, such as "... increased by 40%", which means "increased by 40%"; And means of increasing or decreasing to a specific value.
Correlation and difference
(9) There is a significant linear correlation between ... and ....
Attending there is no strong correlation between ... and ..., indicating that ... and ... are not closely related.
Participation in ... is positively related to ... is positively related to ... ...
⑥ It is found that … is negatively correlated with ….
⑩ There is (no) significant difference between (observed) or (no) significant difference between ... and ... and ... (no).
P value P value (specific numbers need to be written)
Participation in ... is closely related to ... is closely related to ... ...
The words commonly used to express the relationship are relationship, association and regression.
D stands for improvement or maintenance.
Participation in ... demonstrates significant improvement in the following aspects. ...
Attending ... the value returns to the (preoperative) level ... the value returns to the (preoperative) level.
Participate in ... stay at the average level ... stay at the average level ...
5) Common sentence patterns expressing conclusions
A common prompt sentence pattern
The results show that ... the results show that ...
These findings show that …
(3) Data (research) indicates the need ... Data (research) indicates the need ...
④ Results support the concept of … Results support ….
Our observations confirm ... our observations confirm. ...
Hint (hint), demonstration (proof) and explanation (explanation)
Make a conclusion or suggestion
Our conclusion is ... Our conclusion is ...
We suggest ... we suggest ...
We believe ... we think ...
We assume ... we imagine ...
Attending the conclusion that ... ...
⑩ Suggestion (proposal) … As a result, suggestion …, suggestion … (subjunctive mood)
⑥ Suggest … ...
It is estimated that ... It is estimated that ...
... be suggested (recommended)
Propose ... as
C stands for consistency
These results are consistent with ... The results are consistent with. ...
Attending the result is consistent ... the result is consistent. ...
The experimental results are consistent with the theory ... The results are consistent with the theory. ...
Be in line with, be in line with.
Parallel (parallel) ...)
The result becomes a conclusion.
Therefore, therefore, therefore … therefore, …
6 6 summary. ..... and finally, ...
Attending from this study, we draw the conclusion that ... According to this study, we draw the conclusion that ...
These findings, together with the observation of …, show that … together with the observation results of …, show that …
Pet-name ruby Based on this experience, we come to the conclusion that ... Based on this experience, we come to the conclusion that ...
E stands for the future direction.
The mechanism of ... remains to be studied.
It is necessary to do further research to (evaluate) … It is necessary to do further research to (evaluate) …
Note: According to MEDLINE requirements, the objectives, methods, results and conclusions are capitalized, followed by colons. English must be entered in half angle, and full angle and half angle cannot be mixed.