In view of the problems existing in otolaryngology nursing teaching in higher vocational colleges, combined with my own teaching experience, this paper puts forward that by changing teaching concepts, improving teachers' own quality, optimizing teaching content, flexibly adopting teaching methods and means, attaching importance to experimental teaching and clinical teaching, constructing a diversified student learning evaluation system, stimulating students' learning interest, mobilizing students' learning enthusiasm and subjective initiative, and improving students' self-learning ability, they can become practical nursing talents with high comprehensive quality and strong core skills.
Otolaryngology nursing; Teaching reform; survey
China Library Classification Number G642 Document Identification Number B1004-7484 (2014) 07-4609-02.
Otolaryngology nursing is a branch of clinical nursing and a compulsory course for nursing majors, including ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology and stomatology. This course is a non-key subject with many teaching contents and few hours. It belongs to the examination subject and is not within the scope of the nurse qualification examination. For a long time, students have not paid enough attention to it, and students lack enthusiasm and initiative in learning, and the teaching effect is not good. The passive learning mode of students will reduce teachers' enthusiasm for teaching and the enthusiasm for implementing teaching reform, leading to the slow development of disciplines. How to reform the teaching of this course and cultivate practical nursing talents with high comprehensive quality and strong core skills is a problem that must be solved in teaching. Based on years of teaching experience, the author summarizes the following experiences for exchange and discussion.
1 established a student-centered teaching concept.
Constructivism theory holds that knowledge is not acquired by teachers, but by learners in a certain situation, that is, social and cultural background, with the help of others (including teachers and learning partners), using necessary learning materials and through the way of meaning construction. In other words, learning is a process in which students actively explore, communicate and cooperate with their existing knowledge and experience under the situation created by teachers, and gradually construct their own knowledge. This means that learning is active, not passive, and it highlights the dominant position of students and the leading role of teachers in teaching activities. The traditional teaching model often emphasizes the role of teachers. Teaching? Ignoring students' individual differences and main role leads to students' lack of initiative and enthusiasm in learning, their learning potential has not been developed and their learning ability has not been improved. How to change this situation? This requires teachers to update their teaching concepts and change their roles, from a single knowledge giver to a promoter, helper and guide of students' learning.
2. Improve teachers' own quality.
With the development of science and technology, the understanding of ENT diseases is constantly updated, and new technologies and methods are constantly emerging in clinic and nursing. However, textbooks often lag behind clinical practice, and relying solely on textbooks as teaching resources can no longer meet the teaching needs and achieve the goal of talent training. Therefore, we must establish the concept of teachers' lifelong learning, which can be started from the following four aspects. First of all, teachers should be double-qualified teachers, actively participate in specialized nursing work and improve their post practice ability; In the work, we should collect a large number of clinical cases and other teaching resources that can be used for teaching, grasp the new clinical progress, and ensure the close combination of theoretical teaching and clinical practice. Second, through self-study, participating in academic activities, visiting students or improving academic qualifications, we can enrich our professional knowledge, update our knowledge system, optimize our knowledge structure and form our own unique academic charm. Thirdly, because most teachers are medical or nursing professionals, they have not received systematic normal education and know little about pedagogy-related theories. They need to improve their theoretical knowledge of pedagogy by participating in training or academic activities related to higher education to ensure that teaching conforms to the basic laws of higher education.
3. Optimize the design of teaching content and highlight professional characteristics.
The teaching content of ENT nursing is rich, the knowledge and technology are updated quickly, but the class hours are few. How to make students master the clinical nursing knowledge of common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases in limited class hours is a big problem faced by teachers. How to solve this problem and optimize the design of teaching content is very important. There are more than 80 kinds of common diseases in otolaryngology nursing, and it is impossible to teach them all in teaching. Therefore, teachers should proceed from the needs of specialized nursing work, make a reasonable overall design and unit design of the course according to the goal of personnel training, follow the principle of few but fine, carefully select the teaching content, highlight the teaching focus and difficulties, and appropriately absorb the latest progress related to diseases, so as to make the teaching content deep, simple, subtle and perfect.
4. Flexibility and diversification of teaching methods and means.
Teachers should adopt appropriate teaching means and methods according to the selected teaching materials and teaching contents. In the process of teaching, combined with the characteristics of teaching content, flexible and diverse teaching methods such as heuristic, participatory, interactive, scenario simulation, role-playing and case teaching method are adopted. By involving students in the teaching process, we can cultivate students' ability to ask, analyze and solve problems, improve students' clinical thinking ability and innovative thinking ability, enliven the classroom teaching atmosphere, and realize the benign interaction between teachers and students, thus further improving the teaching quality. The specialty of ENT nursing is strong, and the teaching of local anatomy of tissues and organs and diseases needs a lot of teaching materials such as color pictures, clinical pictures and videos, but traditional teaching methods can't show so many teaching materials vividly and intuitively. The application of multimedia technology solves this problem, makes up for the disadvantages of traditional teaching methods, expands the knowledge capacity of classroom teaching, makes the teaching content more intuitive, vivid and vivid, enables students to obtain direct perceptual experience, stimulates students' interest in learning, enlivens the classroom atmosphere and contributes to the improvement of teaching quality.
Attach importance to experimental teaching and clinical practice teaching.
Otolaryngology nursing is a practical subject, and experimental operation and clinical practice teaching are important parts of teaching. The purpose of experimental teaching is to cultivate students' practical ability and make them competent for the job requirements. However, in most higher vocational colleges, the equipment for experimental examination is outdated and insufficient, and the teaching hours are few, which makes students lack enough attention to experimental courses, and their interest and enthusiasm are not high, which seriously affects the cultivation of students' cognitive ability and operational ability. How to solve this problem? First of all, schools need to pay enough attention to gradually update and supplement experimental teaching equipment. The second is to establish a training room integrating theory and practice. In the teaching process, according to? Student-centered and ability-oriented? The teaching ideas of the new model can adopt teaching methods such as scene simulation and role-playing, which can help students actively participate in experimental teaching, stimulate their interest in learning, cultivate their clinical thinking ability and operational ability, and also help to explore their innovative ability. Third, before the end of the 10 experimental class, the teacher should make a corresponding summary, randomly select students and make detailed comments on their operations, so that students can study more seriously under pressure and incentive mechanism. Fourth, we should provide more practical opportunities for students, such as opening the training room to students after school or on weekends. At present, the tense doctor-patient relationship requires us to pay special attention to cultivating students' doctor-patient communication ability based on humanistic care in experimental teaching, so that students can become nursing talents who are willing to communicate with patients and are good at communication.
Clinical practice teaching is a key link to help students closely combine the basic theoretical knowledge learned in class with clinical nursing practice, and it is an important way for students to acquire the necessary professional skills, attitudes and behaviors of professional nurses [1]. However, there are many problems in the clinical practice teaching of otolaryngology nursing, such as weak teaching consciousness, uneven teaching level and lax management, which make clinical practice a mere formality, and it is difficult for students to closely link theoretical knowledge with clinical practice to achieve the purpose of clinical practice. How to solve this problem? It is necessary for the relevant departments to set up a nursing teaching and research section, determine the responsibility system of the director of the teaching and research section-teaching secretary-teaching leader-teaching teacher, and be responsible for the management and implementation of teaching and the qualification identification and training of teaching teachers, so as to ensure the teaching quality of probation and make students have a more real and personal understanding of clinical nursing in otolaryngology. 6. Reform the assessment system and build a diversified student learning evaluation system.
Examination is an important link in the teaching process, plays a strong guiding role in educational activities, is an important method to evaluate the learning and teaching effect, and is an important means to guide students' independent and innovative learning [2]. At present, there are some problems in most higher vocational colleges, such as single examination form, emphasis on summative evaluation, replacing evaluation with examination, lack of formative evaluation, outdated examination content and low quality of examination questions. It can't accurately evaluate students' learning effect, and can't play the role of examination evaluation, education encouragement, feedback adjustment and training supervision. How can we change this situation? This requires teachers to reform the assessment system and establish a diversified evaluation system for students' learning. Diversified learning evaluation system is a diversified system that comprehensively evaluates students' knowledge, ability and quality, which is embodied in the diversification of evaluation content, process, methods, means and management. Its construction needs to formulate rules and regulations, strengthen process monitoring, improve assessment methods and evaluation models. Finally, an all-round and whole-process evaluation system with multi-evaluation processes, multi-evaluation methods, multi-examination contents, multi-level and full-process monitoring of examination management will be formed.
7. Cultivate students' autonomous learning ability.
The ancients said:? Send mermaid, just for a meal; Give a man a fish, and he will enjoy it for life. ? The essence of teaching is not how much knowledge teachers impart, but how students learn to learn under the guidance of teachers, that is, learn independently and build their own knowledge system. How to cultivate students' autonomous learning ability? The author thinks that we can start from the following four aspects: first, cultivate students' awareness of autonomous learning, enhance students' willpower and self-confidence, and ensure their unremitting study. Secondly, it is necessary to build a teaching resource platform suitable for students' autonomous learning and multi-teacher collaborative teaching. 3. Holding study seminars in grades or classes, exchanging learning experiences, discussing difficult problems and related exchanges on course content and related subject knowledge [3], so that students can actively participate in teaching activities, which not only improves their language expression ability and problem analysis ability, but also promotes the improvement of teaching quality. Fourth, we should actively guide students to learn independently. For example, in the teaching process, teachers can provide corresponding resources such as the website of ENT nursing specialty, organize students to set up extracurricular exploration groups, arrange extracurricular exploration homework, guide students to learn independently and explore subject knowledge; Students can also be organized to actively participate in college students' challenge cups, innovative projects, national or provincial five senses operation skill competitions and social practice activities, which not only arouse their learning enthusiasm, but also cultivate their scientific research and innovation ability, which is conducive to their further study and development in the future.
In a word, in the teaching process of "Five Senses Nursing", we can stimulate students' interest in learning, arouse their enthusiasm and initiative, and pay attention to cultivating students' autonomous learning ability by changing teaching concepts, improving teachers' own quality, optimizing teaching content and flexibly adopting teaching methods and means, so as to make them become practical nursing talents with high comprehensive quality and strong core skills.
References:
[1] Du Huimin, Yu Ruiying, Luo Wenchuan. Strengthening the management of clinical teaching and improving the quality of nursing teaching [J]. Journal of nursing management. 2003，3 (3): 42 ~ 43。
[2] paragraph should be reasonable. On the reform of China's examination system [J]. Journal of China Youth University for Politics. 2006，25(5): 1 19 ~ 123。
[3] Shen, Zuqin,. Thinking and Practice of Medical Students' Autonomous Learning [J]. China Journal of Medical Education.20/kloc-0,30 (4): 570 ~ 572.
Five sense organs nursing related papers model article 2: Five sense organs nursing experience abstract: The five sense organs inpatients in our hospital from 20 1 1 to 20 12 were analyzed. By reducing the occurrence of unsafe factors in the five senses nursing, the nursing quality is improved and the patients are better served.
Keywords: otorhinolaryngology; Unsafe factors; Nursing quality
With the continuous development of modern society and the continuous improvement of medical level, the medical environment is increasingly tense. As the nursing staff who have the most contact with patients, they also face some unsafe factors while nursing patients. As a hospital department with both internal and external considerations, the nursing work of ENT is an important part of clinical nursing, which not only requires nurses to master solid basic nursing theory, basic knowledge and basic skills, but also requires nurses to have good professional quality, rigorous work attitude and excellent psychological quality. This paper expounds the possible unsafe factors in otolaryngology nursing and how to improve the quality of nursing.
1 unsafe factors
1. 1 Department characteristics and patient factors The five senses are related to the special eyes, ears, nose, pharynx and larynx of the human body, which not only affects the patient's appearance, but also relates to breathing, swallowing, vision and hearing. Perioperative nursing is difficult. Many car accidents, machine injuries and explosion injuries involve a large area and many organs, which are easy to cause airway obstruction, dyspnea, intraocular bleeding and nosebleeds. And it is easy to make mistakes and accidents with a little negligence. The age of patients varies greatly. Elderly patients are often accompanied by hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and so on. Children are emotional and rebellious. If nurses lack good professional quality, skilled operation skills and good communication skills, it is easy to cause dissatisfaction among patients and their families.
1.2 factors of nursing staff
1.2. 1 lack of human resources. Due to the imperfect hospital support system and the pursuit of economic benefits, the bed-to-nurse ratio is not up to standard. Nurses will simplify nursing procedures because of the heavy workload. At the same time, in addition to health education, basic nursing, infusion and medicine distribution, nursing staff should also undertake some non-professional work, such as urging patients to pay fees, sending relevant instruments for inspection, and explaining the cost details. , greatly increasing the workload of nursing staff and occupying the communication time between nurses and patients.
1.2.2 professional literacy problems Some nurses have a weak sense of responsibility and cannot understand the details of patients without careful observation. If they don't find the changes in their condition in time, sometimes they will cause unnecessary harm to patients. Or do not strictly abide by the operating system and standard procedures, causing harm to patients, and even endangering patients' lives in serious cases. For example, when washing lacrimal passage, the patient's sitting posture is ignored, resulting in accidental eye injury; When distributing oral medicine, if the medicine with film shell is distributed to the visually impaired patients, it is easy to cause them to swallow directly and cause foreign bodies in trachea or esophagus.
1.2.3 nurse-patient communication problems In clinical work, some nurses do not pay attention to humanized nursing, and their ability to actively communicate with patients and their families is poor. There is too little information communicated between nurses and patients, and patients lack the information they are eager to know [1]. Or the nursing staff's communication ability is insufficient, and the troubleshooting of patients and their families is insufficient, unreasonable and unprofessional, which leads to dissatisfaction of patients and their families, and then leads to disputes. If a patient with laryngeal tumor is admitted to hospital, the nursing staff fails to explain the possible swallowing effect after operation, and the patient will have laryngeal obstruction after operation, which will lead to disputes. At the same time, some patients have too high expectations, and it is easy to blame the nursing staff for their weak sense of responsibility and lack of work experience when problems arise [2].
1.2.4 Weak legal awareness With the continuous improvement of patients' awareness of self-protection and rights protection, the number of nursing complaints has increased year by year. As an important document to record the gymnastics process of nursing staff, nursing documents have legal effect and are also important evidence of medical malpractice disputes. As an otolaryngology nurse, if the patient's admission evaluation is not careful, the description is unclear and the diagnosis is unreasonable, it will affect the patient's follow-up diagnosis and treatment. For example, the admission evaluation of glaucoma patients only pays attention to the clinical manifestations caused by high intraocular pressure, while ignoring the unsafe factors such as poor eyesight and unfamiliar environment. On the other hand, young nursing practitioners, lack of nursing experience, focusing only on solving patients' health problems and ignoring potential legal problems may all lead to medical accidents.
2 improve the quality of care
2. 1 Improve the departmental environment. Hospitals should replenish nursing staff in time, adjust the distribution of staff according to the number of beds, and appropriately reduce the work pressure of nursing staff. Assess patients' needs, think about patients' thoughts, take patients as the center, clarify various signs, arrange special personnel to guide patients, strengthen indoor lighting, and lay special blind roads. Provide necessary psychological guidance and health education to patients, introduce the situation of departments, let patients eliminate tension and distrust, and solve practical problems for patients. Establish a safety early warning system, so that every nursing staff can master all kinds of emergency treatment methods, attach importance to safety education, and put an end to safety problems caused by patients or their families violating the hospitalization safety system.
2.2 Improve specialist nursing technology With the continuous application of high-tech diagnostic instruments in clinic, the level of medical technology has entered a new stage. Otolaryngology nurses should keep pace with the times and constantly improve their professional knowledge. Adapt to the needs of development. Because there are many kinds of five senses diseases, it is necessary to regularly carry out professional knowledge lectures, specialized nursing rounds and nursing skills training, and encourage nurses to use the Internet and participate in continuing education to acquire more specialized nursing skills.
2.3 The premise of raising occupational risk awareness, strengthening legal knowledge education and improving nursing quality is to ensure nursing safety. Regularly organize the study of laws and regulations and discuss nursing adverse events. At the same time, increase the education of nursing-related legal knowledge in pre-job training, set up special discussions on medical nursing negligence cases and nursing dispute cases, enhance the legal awareness of nursing staff, improve their awareness of self-protection, and think deeply about potential problems in nursing work.
2.4 Pay attention to preoperative and postoperative education. Otolaryngology surgery is shorter in time, smaller in scope and less in bleeding than other surgical operations, but it requires meticulous operation and involves many anatomical structures. Many patients have concerns and fears about the operation, which increases the difficulty of the operation. Therefore, it is particularly important to do a good job in preoperative and postoperative education. Nurses should strengthen psychological care for patients and conduct good psychological counseling according to their different manifestations. Communicate with possible complications and dysfunction. Closely observe the changes of patients' condition after operation, help patients relieve pain, promote sleep, and carry out postoperative rehabilitation and functional exercise. For example, patients with laryngectomy should be trained in eating function, patients with nasal surgery should be trained in ventilation function and patients with inner ear surgery should be trained in balance ability.
2.5 Strengthen communication, prevent disputes, create a harmonious working atmosphere, and good communication is the premise to reduce the occurrence of adverse events. Take patients as the center, always pay attention to patients' situation, strengthen humanistic care, and give psychological counseling according to the actual situation of different patients. Mastering communication skills, seriously answering difficult questions of patients and their families, paying attention to protecting patients' privacy, informing patients and their families of the purpose, risks and precautions of each operation, and signing informed consent forms when necessary are not only the protection of patients, but also the self-protection of nursing staff. At the same time, communication between nurses and medical staff is also necessary. They can check and fill each other's gaps, supervise each other, discuss problems in their work and propose solutions.
3 discussion
Nursing safety means that during the whole nursing process, patients will not suffer psychological, human structure or function damage, obstacles, defects or death beyond the scope permitted by laws and statutory rules and regulations [3]. Nursing safety directly affects medical quality. Through the implementation of the above nursing management measures, the salary enthusiasm of nursing staff is stimulated, the professional quality of nursing staff is improved, the legal awareness of nursing staff is enhanced, the people-oriented nursing concept is established, and the nursing quality is improved.
References:
Xiao, Zhang Guifen, He Yanmei, et al. Cause analysis and management effect of emergency nursing risk [J]. Modern Hospital, 20 12,12 (2):132-135.
[2] Cui Xiaofang. Study on influencing factors of nurses' job stress [J]. Family Nurses, 2007,5 (23): 25-27.