The writing of undergraduate graduation thesis generally goes through the following steps: selecting a topic-collecting information-drafting an outline-writing the text-revising the final version.
First, choose a theme.
Determining the topic is the first step in writing undergraduate graduation thesis, and it is also a very important step. First of all, the topic should meet the professional training objectives and be related to the major studied; Secondly, the topic should have theoretical and practical significance, so that after the paper is formed, it not only has theoretical support, but also can promote reality; Thirdly, we should pay attention to some valuable topics, such as the blank and controversial topics in our major, or study the old topics, current hot issues and new problems related to the research field from a new angle, and participate in the actual investigation in person; Fourth, the topic selection should be combined with the use of materials. Finding sufficient information sources for the author is very helpful for writing papers; Finally, the topic should be small rather than big. The scope of the topic is too large, which easily leads to vague content and is difficult to control. In view of the above requirements, choosing a familiar topic with strong interest and thinking and accumulating at ordinary times can ensure the feasibility of writing after selecting the topic.
Choosing a topic requires students to pay attention to their usual accumulation, extensive reading, long-term thinking, and pay attention to recording the research gaps and research hotspots pointed out by teachers in class. In addition, we pay attention to the cultivation of our interdisciplinary knowledge, so that we can look at the problem from more angles and broaden our horizons. In addition, actively looking for opportunities to participate in scientific research projects can stimulate the inspiration of paper creation.
Second, data collection.
Data collection is very important for perfecting the topic and forming the paper. Data are generally divided into direct materials and indirect materials. The former is the material obtained by personal observation and experience in real life, and the accumulation is mainly investigation and research; The latter is the second-hand materials transcribed from the existing written materials, such as documents, digital materials, factual materials, etc., which are mainly collected by using related books, newspapers and magazines and the Internet. According to the topic, you can use the directory index of relevant information to find information from back to front in chronological order. To write a paper with theoretical depth, you must read a lot of basic books; To write a paper with some new ideas, we must pay attention to the latest trends, constantly supplement new information and absorb new materials.
On the basis of collecting a large number of data, it is necessary to filter and sort out the data: first, browse the collected data quickly. When reading materials, you can choose high-quality newspapers or articles with high research level by the author to focus on reading; It is necessary to determine one's own views after clarifying the different views of different schools, select materials that are conducive to supporting one's views, and discard materials that have nothing to do with the topic; Secondly, on the basis of sorting out the data, focus on intensive reading, then sort out and queue the data, determine what to use first and then arrange the order of using the data.
Third, draw up an outline.
The outline is extracted from the materials, is the design drawing of the paper writing, and is also the framework of the full text, which plays the role of clearing the mind, sorting out the materials and forming the structure. Generally, the content of the paper should be determined first, that is, the title, headline and subtitle of the paper, so that the drafting of the paper has a preliminary basis. Then draw up the content outline, expand the thesis catalogue, and add necessary materials to expand it, so as to make the catalogue full and specific.
The outline should be from simple to complex, from the same part to chapters to content points. First of all, according to the thinking of writing, draw several large pieces of the article with the roughest outline, that is, the main components, and then fill in the corresponding chapters in each part. Writing a paper is nothing more than asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems (or theories, arguments and conclusions). You can plan three parts on the basis of determining the logical main line first, then fill in the corresponding chapters and finally list the main points of each section. One thing to note is that the argument is clear and the argument is sufficient; The second is to balance the length of each chapter, that is, to arrange the length of each part reasonably and avoid the disproportion between style and structure as much as possible. For the theoretical part of the introduction, the number of words should be controlled at about a quarter of the whole length. After writing the outline, you should give it to your tutor for review, and then discuss the writing ideas with your tutor carefully and listen to your tutor's guidance.
Fourth, write the text
The text of a paper usually includes three parts: introduction, theory and conclusion.
1. Introduction, also known as preface and introduction, is the beginning of the text. This part can generally involve the following contents: the purpose and significance of studying this topic; Ask questions to show the author's point of view; Explain the author's method of demonstrating this topic; Summarize the discussion content or reveal the conclusion of the problem; Historical review. The introduction usually accounts for a small proportion in the paper. To put it succinctly, it usually takes hundreds of words.
2. This thesis is the stylistic part of the thesis. In this part, we should comprehensively use the basic principles, basic theories and related materials collected above to elaborate the research viewpoints and achievements of the paper in detail. According to the nature of the topic, the viewpoints and new viewpoints in the paper can be demonstrated by positively demonstrating or refuting different viewpoints or solving difficult problems of others. If the author puts forward something new and creative by himself, the most important thing to pay attention to is to be reasonable. This part accounts for two-thirds of the full text.
3. The conclusion is the last part of the paper, which mainly includes the author's answers to the research topic; The author puts forward some exploratory opinions on the research topic; Some ideas about unsolved problems, etc. Its content is related to the introduction, which is a concise reminder of the main idea of the paper. Usually this part can focus on the conclusion of this theory and emphasize this part (but note that it is not a repetition of this part). If the conclusion has been prompted in the introduction or this part, this part can also be just the end of the article.
On the one hand, the writing of papers depends on the possession of materials, on the other hand, it depends on the accumulation of theoretical literacy and writing ability. Before writing the text, you should check and revise the outline to make it more perfect. The drafting of the article should be done in one go on the basis of clear thinking, not intermittently. In the drafting stage, the first draft should be formed first. The writing of the first draft is to fill in the content according to the idea of outline formation. The formed paper should be clear in argument and substantial in content; The narrative is clear and detailed; Every part of the paper is clear; The cohesion between paragraphs is natural, stretching and logical.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) revised the final version
Generally speaking, the revision is mainly in the aspects of theme, material, structure and language, that is, theme change, viewpoint revision, material addition and deletion, structural adjustment and text polishing. The main methods are as follows:
1, be an outsider or a bystander. Generally speaking, we always have a "good impression" on our own articles, but we don't think so much about others. Therefore, we should ask for discussion, demonstration and transition of our own articles just like other people's articles.
2. Revise it later. After the article is written, I often don't feel any shortcomings for a while. If you put a "cold treatment" on it, and then calm down later, you may find problems.
3. Listen to other people's opinions. Ask others to read it and give suggestions for revision.
4. Read through it twice after writing, and check the first draft through the sense of language. Improve it in the process of reading and reading. The first draft has been revised repeatedly and can not be finalized until it is satisfactory.
A good article should have the characteristics of clear viewpoints, sufficient arguments, rigorous argumentation, rich content, clear hierarchy, fluent writing and independent opinions.
Welcome to adoption. I wish you success.