The full text of Exploration of China's Socialist Economic Construction is as follows:
The economic construction of new China has been 60 years. Over the past 60 years, China * * * Production Party has led the people of China to explore hard, gradually understand the laws of socialist economic construction, explore the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics construction, and made great achievements in economic construction. Reviewing this period of history and summing up experiences and lessons is of great practical significance for speeding up reform, opening up and socialist modernization.
Key words: the general line of socialist construction of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. The focus of the Party's work has shifted to the relations of production to adapt to the reform, opening up and deepening reform of productive forces.
one
The Party's exploration of the law of socialist economic construction is divided into two periods with the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee as the boundary, and the Party has made unremitting efforts to explore the law of economic construction in each period.
Strictly speaking, the first generation of the party's leading collective's understanding and exploration of the laws of socialist economic construction began with the compilation of the first five-year plan. If the period from now on is divided into several stages, it can be divided into? A five? Planning and implementation? Great Leap Forward? Adjustment that began in the early 1960s? ""? Four stages. The following is the analysis and investigation of these four stages.
The first stage:
The preparation and implementation stage of the first five-year plan. At this stage, although the Party does not have much practical experience in economic construction, lacks theoretical preparation and even knows little about the laws of economic construction, it strives to proceed from reality and act according to economic laws in the process of planning. 1952 65438+February, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out in the instruction on the preparation of 1953 plan outline:? We must engage in planning work with a scientific attitude, so that our plan can correctly reflect the law of objective economic development. ? On June 23rd, 1953, Li Fuchun made a further explanation on behalf of Cai Zhong Committee. He said:? The plan should be based on and embody the principles and tasks stipulated by the Party, combine needs and possibilities, combine economy and technology, and strive to calculate the balance comprehensively from the economic point of view of developing the whole people, so as to adapt to the law of proportional and balanced development of the people's economy. ? This is the party's understanding of the law of economic construction on the eve of starting socialist economic construction. And this law is only limited to the law of planned and proportional development. When reviewing this economic work, Chen Yun said that in the 1960s, the main shortcomings of the planned work system in the Soviet Union and China were: only? Are there any plans to expand the scale? Under the socialist system, there is no so-called market regulation. ? This is the main feature of the party's understanding of the law of economic construction at this stage. The main reasons for this feature are:
Subjectively speaking, first, we have just started the practice of economic construction, and we have neither experience nor theoretical preparation, and we don't know much about the laws of economic construction. Coupled with the economic blockade imposed on China by the western capitalist countries headed by the United States, we are hostile to the commodity economy in our own ideas, so we reject the law of value. Second, the influence of the Soviet model. 1June, 953, Li Fuchun talking? A five? I said when I was planning:? We should rely on the Soviet Union and learn from it? . His opinions basically reflected the tendency of the whole party at that time. Learning from the Soviet Union is mainly to learn the planned and proportional economic development model that plays a major role in the economic construction of the Soviet Union. Objectively speaking, the foundation of new China's economic construction is extremely weak. After imperialist plunder and war destruction, material resources are extremely scarce. In order to change the poverty and backwardness as soon as possible, the state must concentrate its limited financial, material and human resources, ensure the key construction of the country, and achieve a comprehensive balance in all aspects to ensure the steady development of economic construction.
Because of this, the Party has determined a comprehensive and balanced policy of economic construction, and rationally arranged the proportional relationship in all aspects of national economic construction, which not only ensured the key points, but also achieved the purpose of comprehensive arrangement. This is the main reason why the party attached importance to the law of planned and proportional development at that time. During the implementation of the plan, the Party made a calm analysis and exploration of the economic blundering and complicated international situation that occurred in 1956. To this end, Mao Zedong published the famous "On Ten Major Relationships", proposing to correctly handle the ten major relationships in socialist construction and economic construction. The law is theoretically summarized and summarized. The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China continued to explore, deepened its understanding of the law of economic construction, and determined the policy of economic construction that is both anti-conservative and anti-aggressive, that is, steadily advancing in a comprehensive balance. Chen Yun also put forward the famous? Three subjects and three supplements? The idea of economic construction mode. Because the party is here? A five? During the planning period, efforts were made to act in accordance with the laws of economic construction, and remarkable achievements were made in economic construction.
The second stage:
? Great Leap Forward? Three years. This stage is just three years before the implementation of the second five-year plan. As early as August 1955, Zhou Enlai began to take the lead? Two fives? In the preparation of the plan, the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China adopted the "Proposal on the Second Five-Year Plan for Developing the National Economy", which determined that the main task was to concentrate on developing productive forces and realize the transformation from an agricultural country to an industrial country. However, before the plan was put into practice, there were serious mistakes in the guiding ideology of economic work. First of all, Mao Zedong severely criticized 1956' s anti-rash advance, denied the policy of all-round, balanced and steady progress, and established the policy of economic construction with high indicators and rapid development. Then the Second Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee adopted the general line of socialist construction, which seriously ignored the objective laws of economic construction, denied the comprehensive balance of the national economic plan, exaggerated the role of people's subjective will and subjective efforts, and unilaterally attributed economic development to high speed. Under the guidance of this general line, the whole country started? Great Leap Forward? The frenzy led to a serious imbalance in economic construction and was punished by objective economic laws.
It is this setback that has enabled this generation of leaders to have a deeper and broader understanding of economic laws. First, the understanding of the importance of economic law. Mao Zedong said in the Ten-Year Summary:? We still have great blindness to the revolution and construction in the socialist period, and there is also a great inevitable kingdom that is not recognized. We don't know much about it. We should use the second decade to examine it, study it and find out its internal laws, so as to use these laws to serve the socialist revolution and construction. ? The second is to deepen the understanding of the law of comprehensive balance. Mao Zedong began to speak at the Lushan meeting. Great Leap Forward? A major lesson is that there is no overall balance. He said that balance is a fundamental issue in the whole economic work. Third, a new understanding of the law of value. Mao Zedong first mentioned the law of value at the first Zhengzhou meeting, criticizing? Great Leap Forward? Deny the law of commodity production and value. Then he said in the comment on writing on June 24th of the same year 165438:? At present, the use of commodity production, commodity exchange, monetary system and law of value is conducive to promoting socialist production and the transition to socialist ownership by the whole people. ? And that famous speech about the law of value, which pointed out the law of value? It is a great school. Only by using it can we educate tens of millions of cadres and tens of millions of people and build our socialism and capitalism. ? Fourth, we have a new understanding of the basic economic laws of socialism. * * * Corrected in the central government? * * * Wind power generation? The Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee pointed out that the realization of the two transformations must be based on a certain development of productive forces? . 1958, Mao Zedong called for studying Stalin's "Soviet socialist economic problems". When talking about the reason why the Soviet Union wants to eliminate exploitation and create a new socialist economic form because it depends on the nature of production relations, Mao Zedong commented that the nature of productive forces will not change in the next 100 million years. In order to adapt to it, the relations of production will also change, and there will be countless changes. ? Understanding this economic law is very important for correction? * * * Wind power generation? The transition from poverty to poverty has played a positive role.
The third stage:
The stage of national economic adjustment began in the early 1960s. In order to correct the serious imbalance of the national economy caused by the Great Leap Forward and the people's commune movement, the national economy was adjusted from the early 1960s. As a result of summing up the lessons of the second stage, especially deepening the understanding of economic laws, the first generation of the party's leading collective actively arranged the national economy according to objective economic laws. Among them, Zhou Enlai and Chen Yun repeatedly stressed that we should act according to objective economic laws. Zhou Enlai said, in order to change the economic disharmony? In order to create conditions for the new and great development of the national economy in the future, it will take a long time, that is, a few years, to make major adjustments through comprehensive balance and comprehensive arrangements. ? Under the guidance of this idea, it began to implement the national economy? Adjust, consolidate, enrich and improve? The eight-character policy. During the period of national economic adjustment, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China began to formulate the third five-year plan. Because of it? A five? What are the successful experiences in planning and adjusting the national economy? Great Leap Forward? The lesson of being punished by law, so the third five-year plan emphasized the problem of doing things according to objective laws when it was compiled. When talking about how to deal with various contradictions in the plan, Mao Zedong said: It can only be how much money we have to do. Don't think about things in terms of our life span, but act according to objective laws. ? According to the spirit of Mao Zedong's talk? Three or five? count
The plan defines the tasks of vigorously developing agriculture, basically solving the problem of food and clothing, and strengthening the construction of national defense and basic industries. However, due to the major changes in the international situation, 3-5? The guiding ideology of the plan has also changed, from focusing on solving people's food and clothing to focusing on national defense construction.
The fourth stage:
? ""? Ten years. 1966? Three or five? The first year of the plan? ""? . In this decade, except that Zhou Enlai drew up the fourth five-year plan in 1970, and the economic situation improved in 1975, which Deng Xiaoping was in charge of, the whole economy was dragged to the brink of collapse. Not only completely negates the achievements of the previous stage of economic adjustment, but also criticizes the development of productive forces as? Only productivity? Theoretically, when the economy is in a state of chaos, it is impossible to understand and explore the laws of economic construction.
two
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the understanding and exploration of the law of socialist economic construction by the two generations of the party's leading collective. The understanding and exploration of the law of socialist economic construction by the second and third generation of the party's leading collective began at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. If this period is divided into stages, it can be divided into four stages: economic adjustment and reform, comprehensive reform, rectification, deepening reform and rapid development of modernization. The following is the analysis and investigation of these four stages.
The first stage:
1979- 1984, the stage of economic adjustment and reform. This stage is the primary stage of fundamentally correcting the guiding ideology, re-understanding and exploring the laws of economic construction, starting to adjust the national economy, and starting reform and opening up. 1976 10 month,? _? The collapse of the Communist Party of China (CPC) ended ten years of civil strife and cleared the way for the development of national economy. However, there has been a new leap in economic construction, that is, one-sided pursuit of high speed, regardless of national strength to introduce a large number of foreign equipment, resulting in a new imbalance in the proportion of the national economy. This kind of violation of economic laws, and the 50 s? Great Leap Forward? Exactly the same, the root cause or the guiding ideology? Left? Something is at work. This mistake makes people gradually realize that we must fundamentally correct the guiding ideology, follow the objective economic laws, and find a socialist modernization road suitable for China's national conditions. 1The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee held in February 1978 assumed such a historical responsibility. The plenary session revised the party's guiding ideology and re-emphasized Marxist principles.
The ideological line of justice has shifted the focus of the party's work to socialist economic construction. Riding on the spring breeze of the Third Plenary Session, the second generation of the Party's collective leadership began to correct the mistakes made by foreign countries in the Great Leap Forward and explore the laws of economic construction suitable for China's economic development. 1April, 979, the CPC Central Committee proposed? Adjust, reform, rectify and improve? The new eight-character policy began to adjust the national economy. During the adjustment, the second generation of collective leaders generally realized that economic construction must be done according to objective laws. At that time, Deng Xiaoping said. What we need is solid strength, not empty strength, that is to say, our work should be solid and the effect should be tangible. The so-called encouragement is not encouragement. In scientific terms, it is to act according to objective economic laws. Economic work should be done according to economic laws, and we should not resort to deceit or empty slogans. We should have a scientific method. ? Chen Yun and Li Xiannian have repeatedly stressed that the national economy can only achieve high speed if it develops in proportion.
Under the guidance of this thought, the national economic adjustment has made great achievements. At the same time, great changes began to take place in rural areas of China. For a long time, agricultural production has grown for a long time without income growth, distribution has not been fulfilled, and farmers' lives are extremely poor. The grim reality forces farmers to find a way out. First of all, the farmers of Xiaogang village production team in Fengyang, Anhui Province have created a new responsibility system, which is more suitable for agricultural development. Its appearance caused a national debate, for which Deng Xiaoping publicly supported it. 1980 In September, the central government held a special meeting to discuss how to strengthen and improve the responsibility system for agricultural production, and issued document No.75. Since 1982, the central government has issued five No.1 documents for five consecutive years, fully affirming the household production as the main form of contract responsibility system, and the rural economy has undergone fundamental changes since then. This is the result of the Party Central Committee following the law that the relations of production must adapt to the nature of productive forces.
The second stage:
1984- 1988, comprehensive reform stage. 1984 10 The Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee adopted the central government's decision on economic system reform, announcing that the focus of China's economic system reform has shifted from rural areas to cities, marking a new stage of comprehensive development and deepening of China's urban economic system reform. Under the guidance of the Decision, around the central link of invigorating large and medium-sized enterprises, reforms have been carried out from enterprise management system to distribution system, from horizontal economic union to wage system, with the aim of stimulating the vitality of enterprises, promoting the improvement of enterprise efficiency and the development of national economy. This involves the economic law that the relations of production must adapt to the development of productive forces. In order to promote comprehensive reform, the "Decision" proposes that? Is the socialist economy a planned commodity economy based on public ownership? Proposition, and clearly pointed out that on the issue of commodity economy and law of value, the difference between socialism and capitalism lies not in the existence of commodity economy and law of value, but in the difference of ownership. This broke through the original model of highly centralized planned economic system. This is the result of in-depth exploration of the law of economic construction. By June 1987 10, the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China had made a new summary of the relationship between planning and market. For the first time, it is clear to give up the formulation that planned economy is the mainstay, supplemented by market regulation, and put the market at the center of the new economic operation mechanism, which means that the law of value plays an increasingly important role. The improvement of understanding is counterproductive to practice, which has made great achievements in China's economic construction and reached a new level.
The third stage:
1989- 199 1 year, rectification stage. While great achievements have been made in the reform and development of the economic system, some problems and difficulties have also accumulated, such as: imbalance between supply and demand; The proportion of industry and agriculture is seriously out of balance; The proportion relationship between basic industries and basic and processing industries is seriously unbalanced; Circulatory disorders and so on. 1989165438+10 In October, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee decided to rectify the national economy and focus on solving the above problems, so as to ensure the sustained, stable and coordinated development of the national economy. During the three-year rectification, the state effectively used macro-control measures to restore the overheated economy to a normal state and effectively controlled inflation.
From 65438 to 0992, deepening reform and rapid development of modernization. Since 1992, China's economic construction has embarked on the road of rapid development, and the party's understanding and exploration of economic laws has also made great achievements.
First, a new breakthrough has been made in understanding the basic economic laws of socialism. Deng Xiaoping's scientific judgment on the essence of socialism in his southern talk not only enriched the theory of scientific socialism, but also gained a new understanding of the basic economic laws of socialism. This scientific conclusion expresses the purpose of socialist production and the means to achieve it. Emphasize the liberation and development of productive forces, ensure that the people's growing material and cultural needs are met to the maximum extent, and achieve the goal of * * * prosperity.
Second, pay more attention to the role of market and law of value. 1992 Deng Xiaoping's southern talk profoundly expounded the relationship between the plan and the market that has puzzled people for many years. Guided by this, the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that the goal of China's economic system reform is to establish a socialist market economic system. Since then, China's economic policy has paid more attention to the role of the market, emphasizing the use of market mechanisms to allocate resources, and allocating resources to departments and enterprises with good benefits through the laws of value and competition to solve the problem of low long-term benefits of enterprises. 1993 165438+ The Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee adopted the Decision of the Central Committee on Several Issues Concerning the Establishment of the Socialist Market Economic System, which concretized the objectives and basic principles of the reform, which means that the law of value is playing an increasingly important role.
Third, the understanding that relations of production must be compatible with the nature of productive forces has also gained new content. Since the reform and opening up, some aspects of production relations and superstructure that are not suitable for the development of productive forces have been deepened, forming a new pattern in which public ownership is the main body, multiple ownership economies develop together, distribution according to work is the main body, and multiple modes of distribution coexist. The deepening of reform needs a new breakthrough in theory. The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has adapted to this requirement and made a comprehensive and profound exposition in theory.
During this period, the party has formulated a grand cross-century program that has been scientifically demonstrated and conforms to economic laws, that is, "Central National Economic and Social Development Committee?" Ninth Five-Year Plan? 20 10 long-term goal planning and suggestions. In order to ensure the implementation of this grand program, Jiang Zemin made a speech entitled "Correctly Handling Several Major Relationships in Socialist Modernization", and put forward twelve relationships that must be handled well in socialist modernization according to objective economic laws. This is the party's latest achievement in exploring the laws of economic construction, and it is also a scientific guide for the party to realize the grand blueprint across the century.
In short, through the above historical investigation and analysis of the Party's exploration of the law of socialist economic construction, we can see that the Party's understanding and exploration of the law of economic construction is deepening with the development of practice, and following the law of economic construction, the Party will lead China to achieve the grand strategic goal across the century as scheduled.
References:
Party literature 1989 No.4, page 6, Selected Works of Chen Yun Volume II, page 22 1.
Mao Zedong Literature Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China, Volume 9, page 2 16.
Volume 6 Page 566 Page 66 1 Page 8 Page 172 Selected Works of Zhou Enlai Volume 2 Page 370? Page 3765438 +0
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