Keywords: news feature film; ? Basic laws of logic; ? audience
Special news program refers to the comprehensive use of various TV expression means and broadcast methods to report an important event or some typical people, experiences, emerging social phenomena and the new face of a certain front and region in depth [2]. News feature films are the carrier and form of such programs. The basic laws of logic used in the creation of news feature films are the basic laws of thinking forms in abstract thinking, including the laws of identity, contradiction and law of excluded middle [3]. Any abstract concrete thinking must first be consistent, non-contradictory and neutral. If we violate the requirements of these laws, we can't correctly reflect and understand the world, and people's practical activities will certainly fail [3]. Shooting and making news feature films is the product of journalists' practical activities in the field of work. Correct application of logical laws is helpful to correctly understand news events, reflect reality and meet the needs of the audience. The creation of a complete news feature film is a whole project, including multiple processes such as topic selection, shooting, production, editing and synthesis. They were completed by journalists, photographers, editors and other journalists on the basis of the same theme, each doing his best and working together. Among them, the editor is the last gatekeeper of news feature films and the person who can really meet the audience. They not only inherited the creative thinking of journalists and photographers, but also shaped their own personality under the premise of following various logical laws, so that news feature films can better meet the news requirements and meet the needs of the audience. To this end, I will take news investigation (an in-depth news commentary program of CCTV) as an example, starting from the five steps of completing a feature film, and using the basic laws of logic to analyze the creation of news feature films.
First, the topic selection
News investigation focuses on studying new problems and exploring new expressions. In the form of interviews with reporters, in-depth investigation and study of major or typical events in social life will promote and promote social harmony and progress. From the documentary at the beginning of Xigucun County to Hongzhi Office, and now to Hainan fishermen and lost teenagers, we can see that the topics of news investigation, whether it is national events, people's livelihood hotspots or small things that happen around the masses, are very different in importance and nature, but they are all in-depth reports on program positioning, exploring the truth and making real investigative reports. In other words, special programs should follow the idea of identity at the beginning of topic selection. This recognition refers to relative recognition, which is to maintain the consistency of the overall program positioning and purpose under a certain framework, which is conducive to enhancing the visibility and brand influence of the program. Choosing a topic that conforms to the program style and news value can attract the audience and the attention of the general public, and it is also one of the means of successful marketing of the program.
Second, shooting and material collection
Photography is a highly impromptu work of dancing in chains. Under the guidance of the same thinking logic, the photographer should mobilize all factors according to the video creation skills, the shooting purpose and the shooting scene of this program, so that the organic combination of the three is subordinate to the overall shooting of this program. Facing the complex and diverse audio-visual and written materials that can be collected, journalists must keep a clear head and quick thinking, react quickly and make reasonable choices for all materials. At this time, journalists and photographers need to comprehensively use the basic laws of logic, not only to grasp the identity of the theme, but also to exclude scenes, shots and materials outside the theme under the guidance of the law of contradiction and law of excluded middle. To complete a successful shooting, the cameraman needs the comprehensive guidance of many factors, such as the purpose of this program, the video requirements in copywriting planning, the relevant theories and skills of camera shooting, and the editing requirements of post-editing. Only by mobilizing all kinds of influencing and restricting factors and sorting out ideas quickly in your mind can we make the shooting work play a connecting role, not only complete the requirements of copywriting, but also take a brainwave according to the specific situation on the spot, and also imagine for the editor and shoot as complete material as possible as the editor needs. The news scene is fleeting, irreversible and constantly changing, so photographers are required to have superb information recognition ability and information extraction ability, because once the shooting is wrong, the scene will not be copied. When using materials, editors must not violate the law of contradiction, that is, they must ensure the authenticity of news. Otherwise, it can't be used, which is a pity for the cameraman, editor and the whole program, and is not conducive to the complete narrative of the video. Therefore, in the whole process of video material collection, we should not only ensure the sameness, but also choose between contradictions, and keep the most valuable scenes in the scenes that the audience wants to see most, so as to complete the material collection efficiently and smoothly.
Third, production.
The post-production process of news feature films is divided into two parts, namely, the packaging of the program and the creation of the program content. Pre-packaging is generally completed at one time, and it is relatively stable before the second revision. Taking News Investigation as an example, the title of 1996 column is simple, and the revision of 1997 has added many dynamic factors to the title, but the use of music has hardly changed, and they have always maintained a certain degree of identity under certain logic. Looking at the packaging of news surveys in recent years, they are all fixed and almost unchanged. The overall design of packaging is based on blue, which symbolizes calmness, calmness and rationality, and also reflects the objectivity, rationality and truthfulness of news investigation columns. In addition, it also includes the words "the history that is happening, the news behind the news" on the package and the rich display of event names drawn from previous programs, including colors, flowing clouds and light beam elements.
There are more factors to be considered in the creation of program content, and the logical thinking is more complicated, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(A) the picture narrative method must be logical. The narrative way that contradicts the audience's visual habits is not conducive to narrative and understanding. The common methods are sequence, flashback, interpolation and supplementary narration, but in news feature films, it is often not a pure single narrative method. In the program "News Investigation", the representative short film intercepted from this program is followed by the title, which forms a flashback relationship with the content described later. Using interpolation method in the program to supplement historical background information and explain the difficulties of the event can not only arouse the audience's interest quickly, but also complete the news report efficiently and comprehensively, and enhance the visibility of the program.
(2) The combination of shots in the picture is an important link to call the logic law, which is reflected in the principle of shot combination: "moving with moving, static with static" [4], and "moving with static, static with moving" can also be used creatively. Judging from the basic laws of logic, it includes both the law of identity and the law of contradiction. When a moving lens is combined with a moving lens, it is bound to assume a certain movement situation, which may be the movement of the same person in the lens, the expression of the same lens, or the consistency of some internal law. The combination of static and dynamic shots is similar to contradiction, and the combination of the two is like the harmonious collocation of spear and shield, which must conform to people's thinking logic and habits, otherwise the whole video will appear broken and messy. This is similar to the starting point, track and end point in track and field, from static to dynamic, from dynamic to static conforms to the audience's visual habits and psychological logic, so everything is reasonable.
(3) Grasp the rhythm of the picture, whether it is fast or slow, whether it is urgent or comfortable, and maintain relative consistency and identity with the needs of news content and lens characteristics to avoid contradictions. Once the rhythm is misplaced or uncoordinated, it will seriously affect the audience's visual experience of watching news feature films, so that the video quality will decline, or the program will be scrapped.
Fourth, editing
Editors should conform to logical thinking and human vision and thinking habits. For example, to ensure the integrity of each short film, cut off the redundant parts, and use the law of contradiction and law of excluded middle's logical law to complement each other, which not only achieves the purpose of streamlining, but also saves the broadcast time of the program. To ensure the integrity of editing is to avoid contradictions and prevent "giving up halfway". Subtracting redundancy means using law of excluded middle, deleting the same materials and keeping reasonable components.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) synthesis
The synthetic materials of news feature films include video, dubbing and music. When synthesizing, we should flexibly mobilize abstract logical thinking to consider the coordination between them, and adjust the length of video, dubbing and music to make them organically combined and coordinated. Then, the incompatible or redundant parts are revised and simplified again, and law of excluded middle is used to make the news short film more concise. The most important thing in composition is the counterpoint between sound and painting. The absolute identity of the actual voice and the relative identity of dubbing and commentary not only improve the authenticity of the news, but also conform to the audience's audio-visual experience. In terms of music processing, news feature films are not used much, but they are very valuable, such as the title. When composing music, its compression and mixing are the same as video editing. High is high, low is flexible, harmonious and unified, which conforms to the audience's auditory and visual laws.
label
The three basic laws of logic summarize the inherent and essential relationship between various thinking forms, and are the lowest criteria that people must follow in carrying out abstract thinking correctly. Among them, identity represents and guarantees the certainty of thinking from the same angle of thinking form itself, while the law of contradiction and law of excluded middle represent and guarantee the certainty of thinking from two different angles, which is the supplement and expansion of identity and ultimately achieves the goal of * * *. The creation of a complete news film is a good use of the basic laws of logic, and it is a creative activity that a set of systematic logical thinking acts on all parts of the creation of news feature films and is completed in an organic combination. This requires journalists to learn logic well and use logical thinking to complete the creation of news reports.
? References:
He is Hanako. Course of journalism theory [M]. Higher Education Press, April 2008.1
[2] Yang Weiguang. Classification and definition of TV news programs [M]. China Radio and Television Press, 1994.7
[3] Fan Mingya. Formal logic (second edition) [M]. Higher Education Press, June 2009.
[4] Huang Kuangyu. Editing skills of TV programs [M]. China Radio and Television Press, 2002+00.6438+0.