Suddenly, the news of Liu Xiang's retirement spread all over the world. At the press conference, Liu Xiang's coach burst into tears, and all of us in China couldn't help worrying about Liu Xiang, worried about his illness and the pressure brought by his retirement.
I still clearly remember the scene of Liu Xiang at the Athens Olympic Games. Liu Xiang crossed the hurdles, the finish line and the conclusion that the yellow race can't win the track and field championship with lightning speed. At that time, all China people were proud, but their doubts and self-esteem were enough to drown him out in all kinds of comments. In previous competitions, Li Ning received a razor blade from Chinese people after losing the Olympic Games, and the Chinese people's actions gave the athletes the pressure of being at a loss.
However, after netizens commented on the news of Liu Xiang's retirement, except for a few questions, most netizens expressed their concern, understanding and support for Liu Xiang. There are no attacks and insults, only blessings and applause. On the day of the final, Robles won the championship without any doubt. Although everyone in China felt sorry, they still applauded and cheered for the winner. Everything in front of us reflects the tolerance, generosity and civilization of China people. Understanding has already replaced abuse.
At the Beijing Olympic Games, Liu Xiang failed to cross the finish line successfully. However, this incident has enabled our people to cross the benchmark of civilization and a nation to cross the honor and disgrace between success and failure. Liu Xiang's leap made us proud, and his retirement made us regret and let us grow. Spanning success or failure, I know how to look down on the results, care about others and span success or failure. I see the infinite unity of a nation, and I am proud that I am from China!
People advance by leaps and bounds, and the country advances by leaps and bounds.
Contrastive demonstration with box as the topic I. Topic selection
Choosing a topic is the key first step in writing a paper, which is directly related to the quality of the paper. As the saying goes, "A good composition is half the battle". For clinical nurses, we should pay attention to the following points: (1) We should choose a topic with theoretical and practical significance according to our own familiar majors and research interests; (2) The topic of thesis writing should be small rather than big, as long as you have your own opinions, successful experiences, or lessons of failure, or have new ideas and understanding of an academic field or a certain point, you can use it as a topic; (3) when writing a paper, you should consult the literature to understand the research degree of others on this issue and learn from other people's research results on this issue.
It should be pointed out that the topic of thesis writing is related to the topic of thesis, but it is not the same thing. The topic is drawn up on the basis of the selected topic, which is a high summary of the selected topic. But the topic selection and writing should not be limited by the topic. Sometimes in the process of writing, the topic has not changed, but it has changed several times.
Second, design.
The design is to further ask questions and plan a preliminary solution to the problem after the topic of thesis writing is determined, so that scientific research and writing can proceed smoothly. The design of nursing papers should include the following aspects: (1) professional design: a research plan based on the needs of topic selection and existing technical conditions; (2) Statistical design: it is a statistical treatment scheme put forward by using the method of health statistics, which is particularly important for the writing of nursing papers containing experimental comparative samples; (3) Writing design: it is a preliminary plan to draw up an outline and write. In a word, design is the blueprint of nursing scientific research and paper writing, without which it is impossible.
Third, experiment and observation.
It is an extremely important step to engage in basic or clinical nursing scientific research, write papers and make necessary animal experiments or clinical observations. It is not only a basic process to obtain objective results and draw correct conclusions, but also an important way to accumulate papers and writing materials. Experiment is a method to explore objective laws by various material means (experimental instruments, animals, etc.). ) according to the research purpose; Observation is a conscious investigation of natural phenomena to reveal the reasons behind the phenomena and their laws. Their main functions are to collect scientific facts, obtain perceptual materials for scientific research, and develop and test scientific theories. The difference between the two is that "observation is to collect what natural phenomena provide, while experiment is to extract what you want from natural phenomena." Therefore, whether it is animal experiments or clinical observation, we should be meticulous, based on various facts, and make various records in our work.
Some nursing papers do not necessarily need animal experiments or clinical observation, such as nursing management papers or nursing reviews, but necessary social practice activities are still indispensable. Only by raising the materials obtained from practice to theory can we get valuable results.
Fourth, data collection and processing.
Data is the basis of thesis writing. After the topic selection, design, observation and experiment, it is a further preparation to collect and process the data.
Thesis writing materials can be divided into primary materials and secondary materials. The former is also called original data or direct data, which refers to things that the author personally participates in investigation, research or observation, such as records made in experiments or observations, and belongs to this kind of data; The latter, also known as second-hand information or indirect information, refers to relevant professional or specialized documents, which are mainly accumulated through usual study. On the basis of obtaining enough information, it needs to be processed to make it systematic, organized and convenient for application. For thesis writing, these two materials are essential, so we should properly apply them to thesis writing, pay attention to the distinction between primary and secondary, especially the literature materials, and quote them appropriately on the basis of full digestion and absorption, and don't pretend to be the master. The use of first-hand information should also be true, accurate and correct.
Five, the thesis writing outline
Writing an outline is also an important step, which can be said to have entered the formal writing stage. First of all, we should have a general understanding of the basic types (common formats) of academic papers, and consider the composition of the papers according to the information we have. For beginners, you can refer to the types of papers published in magazines to know what they are; Secondly, we should do further research on the information we have, and comprehensively consider the selection and application of many materials, so that the arguments are prominent, reliable and powerful, and the contents of each part are properly connected. Third, we should consider the degree of detail of the thesis outline. Thesis outline can be divided into two types: coarse outline and fine outline. The former only indicates the main points of each part and does not involve the development of materials and papers. For experienced paper writers, you can use. But for beginners, it is best to draw up a detailed writing outline, which not only puts forward the main points of each part of the paper, but also reflects the detailed arrangement of the materials involved and the relationship between the parts, so that writing can be handy.
Sixth, writing.
Writing with a pen shows that scientific research has entered the stage of expressing results. With good topics, rich materials, detailed outlines, and fluent writing, we should not take it lightly. A high-quality academic paper, of course, should be substantial in content, but also exquisite in form, concise and accurate in text expression, standardized in grammar and rhetoric, and moderate in sentence length. In particular, we must adopt medical science and technology style and express it in declarative sentences, exclamatory sentences, lyric sentences and vulgar slang, so as to reduce or avoid contact with party and government leaders and their speeches or political situations at the beginning or end of the paper.
Thesis writing, like other stylistic writing, has the continuity of thinking. Therefore, when writing, we should try our best to eliminate all kinds of interference, so that our thinking activities can continue, and we should concentrate on it and strive for one go. For longer papers, you should also do it in one go, don't give up halfway, so the writing effect is better. [2]
The argumentative essay in grade three stresses honesty, requiring comparative argumentation and positive and negative comparison. In the morning of 600 words, the sea is quiet, like a child who hasn't woken up yet. Looking from a distance, it adds a lot of mystery to the sea, and only a beam of Xiaguang shines from the east. I came to the seaside and sat on the beach. Silent waves gently brushed ashore and quietly receded. The waves passed by my feet as if playing hide-and-seek with me. The mirror-like sea water caressed the loose beach, which seemed so calm and serene.
At noon, the strong and dazzling sunshine shines on the beach. I walked barefoot on the beach, and my feet were cold. I face the sea and am bathed in sunshine. Clear microwaves gradually hit the shore, impacting the rocks, spreading layers of white flowers and splashing "silver beads". The sound of waves beating against rocks is like the cheerful laughter of the sea. The pure blue of the sky and the noble blue of the sea seem to be connected.
At about six o'clock in the afternoon, the tide began to rise at the seaside. A big wave rushed in, and some rocks that had been exposed before disappeared in a short time. Huge waves came to us one after another, making a loud noise from time to time.
As dusk approaches, the golden sunset covers the sea, and seagulls hover over the sea. The golden sea, sunset, beach and birds make a beautiful landscape painting. My father and I stopped to admire it and didn't want to leave for a long time. It's a pity that "to see the sun, for all his glory was buried in the coming night". After a while, the beautiful scenery was like a shy little girl, hiding in the horizon with the sunset. The sound of the waves beating against the rocks is getting louder and louder, as if to keep this beautiful scenery.
The basic structural level of argumentation: the structure of syllogism. Ask questions (introduction) → analyze problems (theory) → solve problems (conclusion)
Common argumentation structures: A, general branch structure B, comparative structure C, progressive structure D, and parallel structure.
(3) The demonstration method is as follows:
1) demonstration by example (example method): give conclusive, sufficient and representative examples to prove the argument; (Function: Demonstrate the viewpoint (main argument or sub-argument) concretely and forcefully, and enhance the persuasiveness of the article)
2) Reasoning: use the incisive opinions in classic works, famous sayings and aphorisms of famous people at home and abroad, and recognized theorem formulas to prove the argument; (Function: effectively demonstrate the viewpoint (main argument or sub-argument) and enhance the authority and persuasiveness of the article)
3) Comparative argument: compare the positive and negative arguments or arguments, and prove the arguments in comparison; (Function: Highlight and comprehensively demonstrate opinions (main arguments or sub-arguments), which is impressive)
Must argumentative essays be demonstrated by positive and negative comparisons? Not necessarily. An argumentative essay can be demonstrated from the total score structure, hierarchical structure and parallel structure. For example, we can start with what to do, why to do it, and how to do it.
The elite teacher answers for you.
It is a fine tradition of our Chinese nation to use the positive and negative contrast of 800 words in honest argumentative papers, and to be honest and trustworthy. For thousands of years, people have emphasized and respected honesty. The wind of honesty is simple and mellow. The longer the history, the greater the spirit of honesty, which pervades China. She has long been integrated into the blood of our national culture and has become an indispensable part of cultural genes.
However, in recent years, with the impact and cleaning of market economy, people find that honesty is fading and "money worship" is growing. "Benefit" replaced virtue and honesty and gave way to fraud. In many people's life scales, the sinking end is health, beauty, alertness, talent, money and honor, and only the honest end is stuck high. Honesty is getting lighter!
Not to mention the intrigue and intrigue in the shopping mall, not to mention the shortage of vendors in the market, not to mention the dirty rice selling dirty oil against old rice. If the tap water is mixed with methanol, it means that one day the weather is fine and you are happy. You accidentally found a bulging wallet on the side of the road: dare you pick it up? And live! If it happened years ago, you would gladly give it to the police uncle to win people's praise, but today, in the crowded street, I objectively say that as long as you touch the bag, you will be in trouble.
This is the case in the small environment, and there are many examples in the international environment. Looking at Uncle Sam across the sea, he regards honesty as nothing. We want to engage in NMD The ABM Treaty is an obstacle, and there is no room for negotiation to tear it up.
The wind of honesty will stop, and people of insight will lament.
However, we, the new century and new youth, have slowly unfurled a banner, and we wrote, I am honest and beautiful!
Adolescence is the golden age of life, a period of truth, goodness, beauty and purity. Honesty is the virtue that should not be ignored and is easily overlooked. It is necessary for us to hold high the integrity so that everyone can see it and be attracted by her warm light.
I have a strong feeling that in the foreseeable future, honesty will return to the market, to the society, to you and me. She is like running water, gradually infiltrating into people's hearts. She is like a breeze, blowing across the fields and into people's hearts. There, at that time, honesty replaced affectation, order replaced disorder, simplicity replaced complexity, warmth replaced indifference, and people were bathed in the morning glow of honesty and benefited a lot.
Then, act, my friends!
I am honest, I am beautiful, I am beautiful, I am proud!
Leave some space for yourself. The positive and negative comparison of argumentative language items is an important criterion for composition scoring. The language of argumentative writing should be accurate, vivid and vivid. When some students write argumentative essays, they often pose as telling the truth. In order to reason thoroughly, they move out the terms of philosophical principles and dialectics, but the effect is counterproductive.
There are 1000 versions of a truth. Try to choose a vivid version. In order to show vivid effect, vivid and even gorgeous language is essential in addition to using analogy, analogy and examples. Pay attention to using hypothetical sentences, rhetorical questions or whole sentences to make the article more irrefutable. Although the power of modifying language cannot be achieved overnight, it will naturally improve as long as it is accumulated for a long time.
Argumentative essay is an argumentative essay with almost all examples. Can there be a positive and negative contrast between them? Of course, as long as you are demonstrating a point, it is argumentative. As for the number and proportion of skills you use. It doesn't matter.
You have no positive and negative contrast, not a complete argumentative argument, but an argument way to refute others' wrong arguments with strong arguments. There are three ways: refuting arguments, refuting arguments and refuting arguments. Because argumentative writing is composed of arguments, arguments and arguments, refuting arguments or arguments has the same effect as directly refuting arguments. A rebuttal paper can combine several rebuttal methods to strengthen the strength and persuasiveness of refutation.
1) refuting an argument, that is, directly refuting the one-sided, wrong or fallacy of the other party's argument itself, is the most commonly used method in refuting an argument.
2) refute the argument, that is, reveal the mistakes of the other party's argument, in order to achieve the purpose of knocking down the other party's argument; Because the wrong argument will inevitably lead to the wrong argument.
3) refute arguments, that is, expose the logical errors of the other party in the process of argumentation, such as the contradiction between major premise, minor premise and conclusion, the contradiction between the other party's arguments, and the contradiction between arguments and arguments.
Argumentation and refutation are proofs, one is to prove oneself right from the front, and the other is to prove oneself wrong from the back. They can use basically the same argument method.
How to realize the positive and negative comparative demonstration of the ideal composition is the inevitable result of the development of the full text and one of the important components of the article structure. Shi Tuo, a famous modern writer, once said, "When writing an article, no matter how long it is, we should first consider the ending. With the end, how to start, how to arrange in the middle, it will be solved. " A good ending should be like a leopard tail, loud and powerful, alarming and inspiring. For example, Lu Xun's "On the Collapse of Leifeng Tower" ends with only two words: "What a suck!" In just two words, it can be said that it is concise and penetrating the back of the paper!
In fact, the end of an article is sometimes more important than the beginning. Because the rater begins to grade after reading the end, its quality directly affects the rater's scoring psychology. Li Yu once said: "At the end of the article, we should capture the soul with flattering words and let it linger on the picture scroll. If it is hard to say goodbye." If the ending has this effect, the whole article will add a lot of color. At the end of the argumentative paper, collect the full text and highlight the central argument; To reflect the compactness and integrity of the full-text structure, we should not retreat hastily or gild the lily; Language should be crisp and powerful, clear and loud, inspiring and inspiring.
The language image is fluent.
Language items are an important criterion for composition grading. The language of argumentative writing should be accurate, vivid and vivid. When some students write argumentative essays, they often pose as telling the truth. In order to reason thoroughly, they move out the terms of philosophical principles and dialectics, but the effect is counterproductive.
There are 1000 versions of a truth. Try to choose a vivid version. In order to show vivid effect, vivid and even gorgeous language is essential in addition to using analogy, analogy and examples. Pay attention to using hypothetical sentences, rhetorical questions or whole sentences to make the article more irrefutable. Although the power of modifying language cannot be achieved overnight, it will naturally improve as long as it is accumulated for a long time.
Examples and comments.
Example 1 Argumentation must be modest.
Modesty cannot be abandoned.
In the face of fierce recruitment competition, a