Chinese unit teaching in senior high school should be divided into five steps, which can be summarized as "defining objectives, learning knowledge, teaching and reading demonstration, deepening self-study and practice".
1. Clarifying the teaching objectives of this unit is the premise of completing the teaching tasks with high efficiency and high quality.
Without a clear goal, it is like "a blind man riding a blind horse", bumping around and the result is unimaginable. Therefore, before teaching each unit, we should establish teaching objectives according to the requirements of the syllabus and the content of unit teaching. The goal of unit teaching should reflect the requirements of listening, speaking, reading and writing ability training and ideological education. For example, when I was teaching travel prose in Unit 1, Book 1 of Chinese in senior high school, I set the following teaching objectives.
1. 1 reading: understand the different characteristics of the scenery written in the article; Experience the interest and philosophy contained in the article in the description of scenery; Understand the characteristics of scenery in lyric prose, integrate feelings into scenery and convey feelings through things; Learn to use figurative language and rhetorical devices such as metaphor, personification, quotation and parallelism to write scenes.
1.2 Writing: Learn the method of observing and changing scenery at fixed points, grasp the characteristics of scenery, write more scenery in the order of wandering, and learn to write more complicated travel notes.
1.3 Listening and speaking: I can orally introduce a place and a scenery to the whole class, highlight its characteristics, have a clear positioning and imitate clearly.
The overall goal of the above teaching should not only be clear to the teachers, but more importantly, to the students. Therefore, before starting teaching, I will tell the students this goal first, so that students can have a clear direction of efforts in the learning process.
2. Learning knowledge Learning knowledge means learning unit theoretical knowledge under the guidance of teachers.
The current Chinese textbooks for senior high schools are arranged according to stylistic units, and each unit consists of teaching points, texts, unit knowledge and training. Unit knowledge and text are mutual infiltration and complement each other. Unit knowledge can control the text and help students read and understand the text correctly. Therefore, before the text teaching, students should be guided to learn unit knowledge essays, summarize the main points of knowledge, and then analyze and understand the unit text by using unit theoretical knowledge.
3. Teaching reading demonstration+teaching reading demonstration
Under the guidance of teachers, according to the goal of unit teaching, students are guided to analyze, understand and read the text by using the unit theoretical knowledge they have learned, and the theoretical knowledge they have learned is applied to specific reading practice activities.
Teaching and reading demonstration, in fact, is to teach students a key to analyze and learn similar texts through teachers' demonstration teaching, which plays a typical guiding role. Teaching and reading demonstration must achieve three points: (1) highlight the key points and reflect the unit teaching objectives. (2) Implement knowledge, prove unit theoretical knowledge with texts, and reveal the regularity of knowledge. (3) Focus on guiding learning methods, "teach people to fish", and guide students to master the methods of analyzing problems and solving problems, so as to learn from others and draw inferences from others.
4. Deepening self-reading
Ye Shengtao pointed out that "the teacher's teaching is to not teach". Self-study is a transitional stage from teacher's explanation to self-study.
The so-called deepening of reading in vain means that students can read the text by themselves by using the theoretical knowledge they have learned and the methods that teachers demonstrate and explain in teaching and reading the text. Through the practice of autonomous reading, unit knowledge can be further consolidated and deepened, and students' reading comprehension ability can be further improved, thus reaching the realm of self-study without teaching. In this step of teaching, students' dominant position should be fully reflected, and teachers should only give hints to avoid overstepping their authority. Sometimes, in order to help students understand the self-reading text correctly, teachers can design some enlightening thinking questions to guide students to study the text in depth. For example, I designed the following questions for students to think about: (1) What are the spirits and qualities of Wu Jichang and Bruno? (2) What clues are used to organize the materials? (3) In what order are these two articles described? (4) What characterization methods are used in the two articles to depict people and express their themes? Students can solve the above problems by comparing reading and discussion. This can not only enhance students' reading and writing ability, consolidate and deepen unit knowledge, but also exercise students' listening and speaking ability.
5. Writing teaching in exercise training is an important part of Chinese teaching and an indispensable link in unit teaching.
Writing is the best way to apply what you have learned and turn knowledge into ability. Unit writing training is to use unit theory knowledge, absorb unit text writing methods and carry out creative practice. After the first four steps of teaching, students have basically mastered the writing methods of related styles, and it is logical to practice and train. Almost every unit of Chinese textbooks in senior high schools is followed by writing training with unit knowledge and text. As long as students are carefully guided to practice, they can get ideal results.
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