Building construction project; Construction quality management; measure
The development of economic globalization has created a huge space for the perfection of China's market economy, and the pace of China's social modernization is also accelerating under this background. With the improvement of living standards of urban residents, the quality of construction projects in China has also improved rapidly, and engineering units are affected by many factors in the construction process, resulting in different quality problems faced by housing construction projects. When the situation is serious, it will indirectly endanger the building structure and use safety function, such as hollowing, cracking, peeling and sanding of cement floor, serious leakage of kitchen and bathroom, roof and external wall. Even some buildings have serious uneven settlement, and if they are responsible, there will be an overall collapse accident. These problems have laid a hidden danger to the normal life of residents and directly affected people's safe living standards. Therefore, according to the specific situation of housing construction projects, it is essential to manage the project quality.
1 factors causing construction problems
According to investigation and statistics, 2 1.2% of construction projects in China have various quality problems, which not only increase the project cost, but also affect the use function of buildings. By analyzing the quality problems existing in housing construction projects, it is concluded that there are many factors leading to unqualified project quality. The main responsible parties involved in the construction can't perform their duties according to the regulations, and the management of each link is not in place, which is the main aspect leading to engineering problems.
1. 1 cost coefficient
In order to reduce the project construction cost, many companies keep lowering the cost input, but excessively lowering the project cost is often counterproductive. The quality of residential projects is directly related to the project cost. If the project cost is too low, it will cause great operating pressure to the construction party. Construction enterprises are limited by funds, it is difficult to buy high-quality building materials, and the management and operation work can not be fully in place. In housing construction projects, the cost of materials consumes a large proportion, while the project investment is too small, which directly affects the quality and performance of materials used. The lack of these procedures will affect the subsequent construction. In addition, the construction progress will also be hindered by the project cost, and the lack of sufficient construction personnel will lead to the unsmooth housing construction work and prolong the construction period.
1.2 design coefficient
Architectural design can guide the subsequent construction work and is the basis to ensure the orderly operation of the project. In the roof waterproof design, it is often observed that the roof with parapet has the problem of insufficient height of local flooding cornice, and the design expansion joint is improperly arranged when it comes out of the roof wall, which are all caused by problems in the design process. In addition, some kitchens and bathrooms use hollow floor design, without considering the design of waterproof layer and casing, which brings hidden dangers to housing leakage. For the design of the floor, the traditional design method is often adopted, and the prefabricated hollow slab is coated with leveling layer before the surface layer is made. In this case, the construction work will bring cracks to the floor and ceiling.
1.3 architectural factors
In the important period that affects the building quality in the construction process, the unqualified building quality caused by construction factors is reflected on many manhole covers. The skill level of construction operators directly affects the construction quality of housing construction projects. At present, many engineering units lack strict assessment system in personnel adoption. Most construction workers go to work without professional training or obtaining professional skill certificates, so it is difficult to guarantee the quality of housing construction. Once the operator fails to complete the task according to the sequence of procedures, it is impossible to ensure good quality control effect in the construction process. In particular, many migrant workers who have not received professional training participate in the construction, which greatly reduces the working level of the construction team.
On the other hand, there is a lack of a perfect quality control system in building engineering construction, and various problems such as construction methods, operating equipment, personnel arrangement and operating technology all bring hidden dangers to the engineering quality. If the previous process is difficult to reach the standard, the constructors of the next process will be unable to deal with the problem, thus affecting the quality standard of the whole construction process. The management of some engineering units is chaotic, and the finished products and semi-finished products on the construction site are littered, which destroys the order of the construction site.
1.4 supervision factors
Lack of supervision on construction sites is another factor that leads to unqualified construction quality. Without a professional supervision team, construction problems will not be discovered in time, which will bring inconvenience to quality inspection. In order to seek economic benefits, a few supervision units undertake supervision business beyond their qualifications, and the qualifications and equipment of project supervision institutions do not match the construction specialty. The phenomenon that some supervisors work without certificates, the imperfect construction of quality control system for on-site supervision, and the improper grasp of the review environment for materials, components and equipment by supervisors all increase the difficulty of project management. However, a few project supervision institutions failed to organize the quality acceptance of inspection lots, sub-projects and sub-projects according to the prescribed procedures, resulting in many quality problems not being discovered in time.
1.5 material coefficient
What kind of material you choose will determine what kind of construction scheme you choose, and improper material selection will also affect the quality of housing projects. For example, the selection of asphalt varieties in waterproof engineering will affect the construction quality in many aspects, such as the quality and variety of linoleum, the control of mud content in plastering sand, the determination of wood varieties for wooden doors and windows, etc., which have great influence on the construction quality. After the materials were transported to the construction site, the engineering unit did not organize inspectors to review the quality of the materials in time and put them into use directly, which affected the performance of the materials and the use of buildings. Judging from the present situation of the whole construction industry, the common quality problems caused by poor materials and settings are particularly common and have a great impact on the construction quality.
2. Correct measures to improve building quality 2. 1 Create and improve the system
According to the form of housing construction, establishing a good security system and updating and adjusting the current construction management system will help improve the quality of the project. In order to improve the engineering quality, the construction unit must actively update the construction rules and regulations in combination with the modern building index system. Specific operations can refer to the programmatic document "Quality Manual" to establish a quality supervision system, and at the same time do a good job in all aspects of project management. The project manager should be familiar with the requirements of the quality manual and procedure documents, and master the project quality from the daily construction operation. To improve the management system, we can vigorously advocate different policies such as "quality reward and punishment regulations", "quality analysis system", "quality inspection system" and "user return visit system". Only by implementing different regulations can the quality of engineering entities be improved by improving the quality of people's work. The control of construction materials is mainly the strict quality inspection of construction raw materials and prefabricated components. The control of construction machines and tools is the correct selection, use, management and maintenance of mechanical equipment, and the control of methods refers to the construction scheme, construction technology and construction technology. Environmental control is mainly to understand and master engineering geology, hydrology and meteorology.
2.2 Do a good job in inspection and quality control.
In order to prevent the quality problems of construction projects from the root, quality inspection must be done well. Engineering units should attach importance to the construction of inspection team, arrange professionals to adhere to the principle of "combining prevention with inspection, giving priority to prevention" and fully implement the scientific inspection strategy of "emphasizing, helping, preventing and blocking". Quality inspectors, like construction workers, should adhere to the principle of quality first and be responsible for the next construction process. Quality inspectors, users and constructors should cultivate team spirit, communicate and cooperate with each other. The quality inspector and the construction site operator have the same goal. They should provide users with high quality to create higher quality building products. If an engineering unit encounters a conflict between construction progress and quality in management, it usually needs to focus on quality management. The so-called construction contradiction is mainly aimed at the situation of short construction period and large engineering quantity, and the superior project manager will ignore the link of quality inspection. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the authority of quality inspectors and improve the inspection level.
2.3 Comprehensive preparation and mutual communication
Project preparation in the early stage of construction is the basis to ensure the smooth development of residential construction. Housing construction workers should arrive at the construction site as soon as possible, be familiar with the surrounding environment, carefully study the engineering drawings, and make preparations for the construction layout in combination with the actual situation. For projects with high engineering quality requirements, the construction party shall organize internal visits by various project departments, conduct extensive exchanges on the operation of quality management system and environmental management system, and arrange relevant personnel of various project departments to be present to learn advanced construction experience. After the personnel of this unit communicate with each other, they should sum up the construction advantages of other units in time, reflect on the shortcomings of their own construction operations, and take necessary measures to correct them in time. Collect the relevant information of excellent projects in many ways and respond to the problems in the project model as soon as possible so as to solve them as soon as possible.
2.4 Group study, quality evaluation
In order to control the construction quality in an all-round way, engineering units must grasp the key links of construction project quality control and carry out QC team research activities, which has a significant effect on improving the physical quality of construction projects. The project management department should formulate "QC team management system" according to the specific situation, consider the quality management mode based on project quality control, and widely implement the operation specification based on team. In view of some common quality problems, organize technicians to participate in "tackling key problems" activities, discuss measures, and continuously improve the engineering quality. Judging from the achievements, this can significantly improve the efficiency of quality management of construction projects. Vigorously promote the project quality contract and quality veto system, and take the quality index as the veto index by signing the responsibility letter. This activity is related to the vital interests of every employee in the project management department and is very helpful to improve their enthusiasm for strengthening quality management.
2.5 supervise the provision of materials and facilities
According to the index document of the construction industry formulated by the state, in order to improve the quality level of housing construction projects, the construction team units should properly control the four levels of procurement, inspection, transportation insurance and use, comprehensively supervise and inspect the materials used in the projects, and prevent the use of building materials with unqualified specifications, models and quality. The implementation of comprehensive management in residential projects is mainly aimed at all aspects of the whole residential project. First, buyers should not only improve their political quality and material quality appraisal level, but also choose honest and enterprising buyers, so as to sow the seeds of building materials quality and have certain professional knowledge. The second is to master the information, investigate the whole material industry in society, and collect information such as quality, price and supply capacity in time, which can not only control the quality of materials, but also significantly reduce the cost of materials. Construction, supervision, and construction units need to jointly formulate supervision plans and control all aspects of construction. The main materials selected for the construction project must be professionally audited, and have a quality guarantee that meets the requirements of the specification. Materials entering the site should be tested and identified by many parties.
3 Conclusion
To sum up, building construction is closely related to people's daily life, and the quality of the project has a great influence on the whole building project. Both engineering units and construction personnel must establish a comprehensive quality consciousness, and strive to improve the quality level while completing the construction, which is very important for China's modernization.
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