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Energy-saving technology in building construction

With the rapid development of national economy and the promotion of sustainable development, energy-saving buildings are imperative. This paper introduces the general requirements of energy-saving technology in building construction, and expounds in detail the measures for building energy-saving construction.

Keywords building construction energy saving

So far, the energy problem has been concerned by all countries in the world. It is reported that in the world energy consumption, whether in developed or developing countries, the proportion of building energy consumption in the total energy consumption is very large, accounting for about 25%-40%. Therefore, building energy conservation has become the focus of energy conservation.

1, construction requirements for energy-saving buildings

Generally speaking, energy-saving buildings mainly improve the thermal resistance and sealing of the envelope from the aspects of external walls, roofs, doors and windows. , so as to achieve the purpose of saving building energy consumption. The project manager and technical director of the construction unit shall formulate the construction scheme, set up effective quality control points, strictly follow the operation procedures and ensure the necessary construction period according to the construction drawing of energy-saving building design or the special article on energy-saving design, combined with its particularity. Strengthen the pre-job training and technical disclosure of construction operators.

2, energy-saving building construction technical measures

2. 1 wall structure

Hollow brick load-bearing walls are generally made of whole bricks. The holes are vertical, and the long holes are arranged along the wall length. Hollow bricks should not be chiseled. When the whole brick is not enough, solid brick should be used for external masonry. The embedded parts and pipes in the wall hole should be built with solid bricks, which should be reserved or embedded when laying. Do not dig holes and fill holes with cement mortar at will. Avoid joint penetration, unconsolidation and cold-hot bridge on the external wall.

On-site construction personnel draw a block arrangement diagram according to the design and construction drawings, the specific requirements of the project and the construction conditions. In view of the unfavorable factors such as low thermal resistance of block building wall, easy cracking of masonry and painting, easy leakage of mortar joints and cracks, technical measures are taken from the construction point of view.

To make sure. In addition to the acceptance of masonry, concrete structure, earthquake resistance and engineering construction, the technical specifications are for (Technical Specification for Small Concrete Hollow Block Building) (JJ/T 142004) and (Structural Structure of Small Concrete Block Building) (Zhejiang G 16-9 1).

2.2 Wall insulation construction

The construction of wall insulation system is the key link of wall energy-saving measures. The insulation layer of the wall is usually arranged on the inside or outside of the wall. The technical measures set inside are simple, but the thermal insulation effect is not as good as that of the outside. Setting on the outside can save the use area, but the adhesion is poor, and problems such as cracking, water seepage, falling off, weakening durability and so on are easy to occur due to improper measures, and the cost is generally higher than setting on the inside. The construction technology generally adopts plastering, spraying, dry hanging, pasting and compounding. Aim not?

Using the same thermal insulation materials, different construction methods and different construction technical measures. Thermal insulation mortar made of various lightweight aggregates (such as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, ultra-light ceramic sand, polystyrene particles, pumice, volcanic ash, fly ash, etc.). ) mixed with cement, lime, gypsum, chemical polymer and a small amount of additives in a certain proportion, usually by plastering. Insulation mortar should be in the grassroots quality inspection, the roof waterproof layer construction is completed, without destroying the insulation layer, before the construction of partition walls, door window frames and pipes connected to the wall. During construction, the ambient temperature shall not be lower than 5℃, and attention shall be paid to moisturizing and curing in summer. Thermal insulation mortar plastering is carried out from top to bottom in turn, and attention should be paid to:

(1) When the base is cleaned, leveled and wetted, the surface is not easy to stick to the hair of concrete walls, beams and columns or brush with adhesive.

(2) According to the design requirements, play the standard horizontal line, skirting line or dado line, and widen the corners around doors and windows by 50mm with cement mortar. In order to ensure the thickness of insulation layer, standard ash cake and screed should be made on the wall.

(3) Every time the plastering thickness is about 10mm, it is advisable to continue to the next layer when the bottom layer is tough and the surface has certain strength. Pay attention to moisturizing and curing, but you can't wash it with water. When the mortar hardens, it is forbidden to impact and vibrate.

(4) Thermal insulation mortar is generally set inside. For external use, there must be guarantee measures such as waterproof, anti-cracking and anti-falling.

Polyurethane foam, various thermal insulation coatings, etc. It's usually sprayed. According to the requirements of different products, strictly control the construction environment temperature. Before spraying, the base should be clean, dry and flat, and pay special attention to the uniformity and thickness of the thermal insulation coating. Pay attention to the spraying distance, angle, speed and flow.

Dry hanging technology-generally used for external thermal insulation, not only has good thermal insulation effect, but also can greatly improve the thermal insulation and waterproof performance by using air layer. However, due to the high cost, it is generally used in public buildings and rarely used in multi-storey houses. The unfavorable factors such as wind, earthquake, temperature, rain, atmospheric corrosion and durability should be considered in the dry-hanging system to ensure the stability and strength of the system, and special attention should be paid to the reliability and durability of anchoring with the wall during construction.

Waterproof measures, etc.

With the continuous development of new thermal insulation products, various bonding materials and bonding processes are constantly emerging. Most bonding processes combine mechanical anchoring. At present, only Tewitt external wall insulation system adopts pure paste construction technology. Extruded polystyrene board, cement polystyrene board, rock wool board, glass wool board board and perlite board are all pasted with cement mortar, polymer cement mortar and chemical adhesive, and the outer steel mesh mortar painting layer is connected with the wall with nylon anchor rods and expansion screws. Paste composite insulation wall can be divided into three types: built-in insulation, sandwich insulation or external insulation. The application of built-in and external adhesive composite insulation is expanding day by day, and the construction technology is becoming more and more mature. Attention should be paid to the following links in construction.

(1) When the built-in insulation layer is pasted or mechanically anchored, it is necessary to set a protective layer on the surface of the interior wall, such as plain film, steel wire mesh painting layer, adhesive, alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh finishing layer, etc. During construction, the adhesive surface should be kept flat, clean and with appropriate humidity. During construction, the waterproof layer of the roof should be intact, and the upper layer will leak without water. The construction sequence is from top to bottom, starting from the internal corner. Before pasting, do a good job of skirting and protect the corners of doors and windows. Hanging mirror lines are positioned at intervals, and wooden blocks embedded in the wall pass through the insulation layer.

Repair the mirror line. For walls with high humidity, such as kitchens and bathrooms, moisture-proof, seepage-proof and easy coverage should be considered. At the corner of the wall, the junction of internal and external walls, and the skirting line, it is easy to form a "hot bridge" or condensation and dripping, so the thermal insulation effect can be strengthened in the above parts according to the engineering practice.

(2) External thermal insulation: Generally, thermal insulation boards such as polystyrene board, glass wool board board, rock wool board and cement polystyrene board are fixed on the foundation wall with adhesive or anchor and the surface layer, and a reinforcing net is arranged in the surface layer. When polystyrene board is used as insulation layer, the surface layer adopts alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh polymer cement mortar, and the surface layer adopts rock wool board, cement polystyrene board and other waterproof cement mortar with steel mesh.

2.3 Windows and doors installation construction

The heat transfer coefficient and air tightness of door and window frames and glass fans are one of the key links of external wall energy saving. The heat transfer coefficient of wood plastic doors and windows is about 30% lower than that of steel aluminum doors and windows, and that of double-layer glass is about 40% lower than that of single-layer glass. Therefore, the price of plastic single-frame double glass doors and windows is better. In order to ensure that doors and windows can meet the expected energy-saving requirements, the following problems should be paid attention to during installation:

(1) When selecting doors and windows according to the design requirements, the performance indexes such as wind pressure resistance, air permeability and rainwater leakage should be checked.

(2) When installing the door window frame, repeatedly check the verticality of the frame angle. Doors and windows with severe deformation, too large gap and airtight sealing strip cannot be installed on the wall.

(3) Sealing strips should be set between frames and fans, and between fans to prevent water seepage and air permeability. The track of sliding window should be sealed, and the parts with large local gaps can be extruded with one-component sealing paste.

(4) around the door window frame and wall or column, beam, window sill, etc. , cement mortar for strict processing, outdoor side combined with external decoration for processing, to prevent water seepage and ventilation.

(5) When pasting sealing strips or squeezing sealing paste, the joints shall be cleaned and dried in advance, free of dust and dirt.

2.4 Thermal insulation roof construction

Usually, roof insulation is to place insulation materials with small volume density, low thermal conductivity, low water absorption and certain strength between waterproof layer and roof panel. According to this method, there are many optional thermal insulation materials, such as aerated concrete block, cement or asphalt perlite board, cement polystyrene board, cement vermiculite board, polystyrene board and various lightweight aggregate concrete boards. Bulk materials poured on site with cementing materials such as cement include perlite, vermiculite, ceramsite, pumice, waste polystyrene particles and slag. Expanded perlite, glass wool, rock wool, waste polystyrene particles, etc. Put it directly under the spire roof or in a bag with loose materials on the ceiling; On-site foam casting includes rigid polyurethane foam plastic and foam concrete with fly ash and cement as the main materials. The reverse paving method mainly puts the waterproof layer under the insulation layer, which can effectively protect the waterproof layer and facilitate construction and maintenance. However, due to the high cost, residential buildings have not been widely used.

At the same time, effective insulation measures should be taken on the roof, such as setting ventilation insulation layer on the upper or lower part of the roof structure, using higher education insulation materials for insulation, and setting reflective layer or water storage vegetation on the roof structure.

3. Conclusion

To sum up, the insulation construction of walls, roofs, doors and windows of energy-saving buildings is the key to the energy-saving effect, so it is necessary for all departments and processes of the construction unit to strictly follow the designed technical measures and material construction technology and do a good job in the acceptance of quality control points.

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