1, graduation thesis of RTVU administration.
On the Concept of Administrative Efficiency
Abstract: Studying administrative management means studying the efficiency of administrative management. The ultimate goal of institutional reform is to improve efficiency; If we talk about the inefficiency of reforming institutions, it is equivalent to empty talk; At present, with the deepening of economic system reform, the reform of government institutions is also slowly going on. We must study the administrative laws, carefully analyze the administrative efficiency, and strive to summarize the promotion methods.
Keywords: administration; Reform institutions; Administrative efficiency
I. Introduction
At present, people have entered the era of management. Whether it is a unit or a country, it is inseparable from scientific management, and this management must be effective. If we want to achieve the goal, it is very important to improve the efficiency of administration. Efficiency is not only a practical problem, but also a theoretical problem. We need to combine practice with theory closely in order to be effective.
Secondly, it discusses the practical significance of administrative efficiency.
At present, in the context of China's comprehensive reform, it is of great significance to explore its current situation and the reasons for its low efficiency for improving administrative efficiency.
(A) administrative inefficiency still exists.
From a practical point of view, China's current actual situation is not very ideal, mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1, overstaffed. At present, this phenomenon is not only reflected in more people working, but also in the fact that there are too many leadership positions in government management, which makes the positions have no real power. According to the survey, in many departments and bureaus, the number of department-level cadres is around 70%. Too many officials will inevitably hinder the smooth implementation of government decrees. Moreover, because there are too many leaders in the upper level, the lower level personnel don't know who to listen to, which greatly reduces the management efficiency.
2, the program is lengthy. A few leaders only emphasize national policies unilaterally, and do not pay attention to the work within their own functions and powers. For everything, decisions must be made through collective meetings, and the best decision-making opportunity is not grasped, which affects the actual efficiency. If there is any mistake, please bear it collectively; This behavior not only reduces administrative efficiency, but also reflects the irresponsibility of leaders. Moreover, instructions from superiors usually go through several twists and turns. If you are satisfied, implement it; If you are not satisfied, put it off. Some departments are ambiguous about superior documents, publicize them according to the needs of superiors and implement them according to their own requirements. What's more, it directly violates the instructions of the superior.
(2) The reasons for the inefficiency of administrative management are complicated.
Why on earth did this happen in China? The reason for this is the following：
1, the bondage of old ideas. China has experienced thousands of years of feudal rule, and the old ideas in people's minds are deeply rooted. Due to the extensive harm of old ideas, some private ideas are also very serious. These phenomena appear in administrative institutions, prompting officials to form bureaucratic ideas. They only care about personal interests, regardless of public interests. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), although the country has made some achievements in eliminating these phenomena, it will take a long time to eradicate these ideas. And even if these ideas are eradicated, they may reappear in the future. Even if the old ideas and the old society disappear at the same time, they may still stink; Especially in the process of government reform system, the disadvantages in the old system have not been eliminated, and new disadvantages have appeared in the new system; And the two are combined with each other. Therefore, historical reasons have greatly affected today's administrative efficiency.
2. The administrative legal system is not perfect. Imperfect legal system is the root cause of administrative inefficiency. Even though some laws and regulations have been promulgated, they have not been well implemented. In the case of institutional legislation, institutional expansion is a non-institutional product of institutional reform; With more institutions, there will inevitably be more links and the efficiency will be greatly reduced.
Third, brief measures to improve the efficiency of administrative management
As a comprehensive index, administrative efficiency has caused low administrative efficiency in many ways. Therefore, to improve administrative efficiency, we must consider many factors and deal with them comprehensively. According to the current actual situation, we should make multi-level efforts, mainly focusing on the following aspects:
(A) update the concept
With the transformation of economic system, the norms and thinking of human behavior have changed. In this context, it is also important to update ideas.
1, establish a global concept. We must get rid of old habits and personal ideas; Only in this way can we consider the overall situation, do practical things and improve work efficiency in our daily work.
2. Establish a talent concept. The administrative organization is a department composed of the government, with abundant talents. We must establish a talent view. Only by making good use of talents and selecting cadres can we produce new ideas and make correct choices when selecting cadres. For users, they will take the initiative to work, which will improve efficiency.
(2) The organization should be reasonable.
For administrative management, it is a continuous flow process. In addition, the time of the process has a direct impact on efficiency. Obviously, the length of the process is not only related to the style of the organization, but also related to the setting of the organization; However, how to change the complicated situation? Need to pay attention to the following points:
1, determine the correct target. Now, according to the relevant requirements of reforming the economic system and the experience and lessons of institutional reform in the past, we should comprehensively consider the overall layout of administrative organization management. Reform the institutional setup and take corresponding measures to solve corresponding problems. Everything starts from the actual situation and from a scientific point of view.
2. Determine the basis for preparation. The establishment of institutions needs not only theoretical basis, but also legal protection; The superior leaders have been emphasizing this problem. At present, some departments still lack theoretical and scientific basis when setting up institutions, which is blind and arbitrary. Causing serious harm to administrative work; If we want to set up an organization supported by evidence, we must slowly translate the achievements of administrative management research into actual administrative work in accordance with scientific requirements and legal concepts, and correctly understand them in order to make appropriate plans; Carefully textual research, stable implementation.
(3) The system should be sound.
Legalization of administrative management is the core of national legal system construction. If we want to improve the efficiency of management, it is very important to build a sound legal system and act in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Important national leaders often emphasize: "In the process of perfecting and reforming various national legal systems, laws and regulations must be formulated to democratize the formulation." Only by trying to legalize all administrative work can we give full play to the effectiveness of all systems.
1, post responsibility system. According to the management authorization of division of labor administration, assign tasks to all working members, clarify their respective responsibilities, and build a responsibility system from top to bottom. The affairs in the administrative organization are very complicated, and there are often people who issue documents to handle the affairs, so it is impossible to supervise them in time. At the same time, the subordinate departments were not investigated and their responsibilities were not investigated, which led to the failure to implement relevant policies. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the corresponding responsibilities from the perspective of the system, conduct irregular surveys on all working members, score their work performance, and distinguish the functions and powers between departments. Today, China has not classified jobs, so it has not standardized and institutionalized the categories of occupations and jobs. Therefore, this system can not only improve efficiency, but also create a precedent for China's postal system reform.
2. Grading responsibility system. From the management point of view, all administrative agencies must solve the problem of the number of subordinates under the jurisdiction of superiors. The number of people under jurisdiction is the scope of management. Any organization, at any level, has the problem of management scope. Too wide will make the organization bloated, too narrow will reduce the efficiency and cause too much pressure on the staff. Therefore, unreasonable management scope is not conducive to the development of human energy. According to the criteria of hierarchical management, it is necessary to clearly define the scope of authority and responsibility of the higher and lower levels, and hierarchical management can effectively solve the phenomenon of leapfrog command. Facts have proved that only by implementing this system can we achieve clear responsibilities, hierarchical management, promote democracy and mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties.
Fourth, summary:
Generally speaking, the inefficiency of administrative management will make government departments rigid, make the adjustment of the government wrong and reduce the authority of the government. And high efficiency will allow the government to flexibly regulate and control all work, make the government's regulation more orderly, and at the same time enhance the government's prestige in the hearts of the people. Improving administrative efficiency is very important, involving a wide range, and it needs the practical workers of administrative organs to discuss with the relevant personnel of learning management, so as to establish a correct concept of efficiency management. (Author: Northeast Normal University)
References:
[1] Zhou, Li Jianxiu. Pursuing the exploration of small government and big society [M]. China administration.
[2] Ren Derong. Deepen administrative reform and improve administrative efficiency [J]. Friends of Science, 20 12.
[3] Li Rong. On the Problems and Countermeasures in University Management [J]. Sci-tech Entrepreneurship. 2009, (9): 90-9 1.
[4] Huang Qingshan, _ _ Qiang, Hong. Improving the administrative efficiency of colleges and universities [J]. Guangxi Education, 2cHD3, (1 1): 20-22.
[5] Xia. Management [M]. Guangzhou: Sun Yat-sen University Press, 20 13.8.
Graduation thesis of RTVU's undergraduate course of administration II
On the reform of government management
The core issue of administrative reform is the transformation of government functions. After all previous reforms and adjustments, great progress has been made in the transformation of government functions in China, but there are still many problems in the current administrative reform. This paper first introduces the role of government administrative system reform in economic development, then discusses the problems existing in the reform, and finally puts forward some suggestions for reform.
Keywords: reform; Administrative management; develop
Since the reform and opening up, our government has been actively exploring the development path of administrative reform, and has also made certain achievements in administrative reform. However, we should also see that there are still some problems in China's current administrative management system, which hinder the rapid development of the socialist market economy. The core issue of administrative reform is the transformation of government functions. After all previous reforms and adjustments, China's government functions have made great progress, actively building a new service-oriented government, and the government functions have gradually changed to economic regulation, market supervision, public services and marketization.
First, the important role of government administrative system reform in economic development.
First of all, the reform of government administrative management system is an important guarantee to improve the socialist market economic system. For a long time, the administrative system reform in China has been accompanied by the economic system reform, and has become an accessory of the economic system reform. In the reform strategy, people are most concerned about economic reform, which has become the core of the whole social reform, while the reform of state-owned enterprises is the core of economic reform and occupies a very prominent position. However, the practice of social reform shows that if the government's administrative reform can't keep up, the economic system reform can't be successfully completed at all. Whether the reform of socialist market economic system can be deepened and the mode of economic development can be fundamentally changed depends on whether the transformation of government functions and the reform of administrative management system can be truly implemented.
Secondly, the reform of government administration system is related to the stability and long-term development of China's economy. Government administrative reform is the basic premise of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development and promoting the sound and rapid development of the national economy. The focus of China's administrative system reform is to continuously strengthen the central government's planned control over social and economic development, proceed from reality and take effective measures to promote the coordinated, stable and rapid development of social and national economic departments; At the same time of administrative reform, efforts should be made to overcome the disadvantages of excessive concentration of central power and bureaucracy, give full play to the enthusiasm of the central and local governments, appropriately expand the administrative authority of local governments in a timely manner, fundamentally solve the problems of party and government, government and enterprise, and government and capital, properly handle the administrative relationship and asset relationship between the government and enterprises, and gradually establish a modern enterprise system and a modern property right system to ensure the smooth progress of economic system reform and promote stable economic development.
Third, the reform of enterprise administrative management system is the fundamental way to solve the problems and contradictions existing in China's economic system reform. At present, the long-standing deep-seated contradictions and problems in China's economic system reform, such as extensive growth mode, blind expansion of investment, low-level redundant construction, and pure pursuit of GDP and fiscal revenue, all depend on the smooth progress of administrative system reform. Only by fundamentally changing government functions, actively promoting the separation of government and enterprise, government and capital, and government and market intermediary organizations, and reducing government intervention in microeconomic operation, can we break all kinds of monopolies, administrative interventions and regional blockades, establish a unified, open and orderly modern market system, form a price formation mechanism and a tax adjustment mechanism that reflect market supply and demand and the scarcity of resources, and achieve the goal of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.
Second, the status quo of deepening the reform of administrative management system
Since China's entry into WTO, the reform of government administration is imperative, because the economic development environment in China has undergone tremendous changes, which objectively requires the government's administrative functions to adapt to economic development. This objectively requires that the administrative innovation of our government must keep pace with economic development. At present, the backwardness of government management restricts the development of market economy in China, but it also faces many problems.
1. The orientation of government functions is not clear.
At present, the function orientation of our government is not clear and not in place. Moreover, there is still a lag in management: the speed of domestic system reform cannot keep up with reform and opening up; The reform of government management system can't keep pace with the reform of economic system; The transformation of government functions can't keep up with the reform of government institutions. These lagging points have seriously hindered the transformation of government functions, and there have always been phenomena such as "dislocation" and "offside" of government functions, or redundant and complicated government institutions, low administrative efficiency, failure to straighten out the relationship between government and market regulation, taking charge of everything under its jurisdiction and taking responsibility instead of market regulation; In other places, there is no distinction between government and enterprise, enterprises have no real autonomy, the government is still above it, and the relationship between government and enterprise is still superior and subordinate.
2. The backwardness of administrative management system hinders the pace of reform.
Because our country is deeply influenced by the management system in the planned economy era, the administrative management system can't keep pace with the development of the times, and the backward administrative management system often becomes the breakthrough and bottleneck restricting various reforms in the critical period of development and the crucial stage of reform. Once the reform of administrative management system and various reforms are more integrated and matched, the reform of administrative management system will be more difficult. In the process of comprehensive reform, the reform of administrative management system is related to all aspects of reform, not only to the reform of political system, but also to the reform of economic system. Administrative reform is the core of all reforms. Without the reform of the administrative management system, other reforms cannot be carried out in depth.
3. The transparency of government management is not high.
With the gradual advancement of reform, although governments at all levels have taken measures to enhance transparency, the effect is not obvious. There is no institutional guarantee for the transparency of government administration, so many times the reform of government administration is a mere formality without institutional guarantee. In practice, the so-called publicity is not all publicity, but part publicity, which has great randomness and contingency. In other words, publicity is greatly influenced by human factors. On the other hand, in government management, the government does not pay enough attention to citizens' right to know, and even intercepts and deprives citizens of their right to know. Coupled with the lack of institutional and legal protection, rigidity and effective ways of government supervision, these have led to the problem of low transparency of government administration.
Three, take measures to actively promote the reform of government administration.
1. The government should constantly improve various management systems.
The government should actively improve various administrative systems, implement the administrative licensing law and reform the administrative licensing methods. At present, the most urgent task of China's administrative reform is to comprehensively clean up the existing administrative legal norms and various administrative licensing systems. Retain and improve the systems necessary for national macro-control and adapting to the needs of the socialist market economy, and completely abolish and abolish all systems with the color of planned economy and not adapting to the needs of the socialist market economy. The government should do its job well, hand over things that should not be in charge to enterprises and markets, and establish a "clean and efficient" government. Seriously study new management methods, proceed from the reality of government management, actively use management means such as supervision, inspection and filing, constantly improve various management, and establish a follow-up supervision system; For the reserved examination and approval items, the government should adjust the examination and approval items, formulate strict examination and approval procedures, establish a management system with scientific management and reasonable structure, and form institutional norms.
2. Reform management methods and strengthen macro-control.
In the practice of administrative management, the government should actively use indirect management, coordinated service and post supervision in the management of economic and social affairs. The government should make full use of indirect management to manage the market economy, respect the laws of the market, and use various economic policies to guide the behavior of market subjects to realize the indirect management of the government. In administrative activities, the government should proceed from reality, adjust policy ideas in time according to the changes of internal and external environment, and implement dynamic management in order to adapt to the changing environment quickly in management. By forecasting the external administrative environment and analyzing the data of the internal administrative system of the government, we can adjust the government work plan in time and improve the administrative efficiency of the government. The government administration mainly adopts the way of post supervision, and does a good job of inspection and supervision afterwards, but it can't cover everything.
3. Actively promote the development of government management information.
The government should continue to promote the construction of e-government and expand the scope of government online office. Therefore, our government should pay attention to this problem, formulate the development plan of government informatization construction in China, further establish and improve the framework system of e-government network from the local reality, and make necessary adjustments and reforms to the current government management functions and government organizational structure according to the requirements of e-government to provide preconditions for government informatization management; The application of network technology provides the possibility for the service and socialization of government management. The scientific and technological revolution is changing with each passing day, and the application scope of information technology is more and more extensive, which has profoundly changed people's lifestyle and behavior. At the same time, the development of information technology has also brought about the continuous progress of government administrative reform means.
References:
Gao Xiaoping. Transforming government functions under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development [J]. China Administration, 2005( 1).
[2] Jiang Zemin. Building a Well-off Society in an All-round Way and Creating a New Situation in Socialism with Chinese characteristics —— Report on the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China [R]. Background: People's Publishing House, 2002.35.