The incidence of chronic kidney disease is high, but the public generally lacks knowledge of prevention and treatment of kidney disease. When I was diagnosed with kidney disease, someone said with emotion, "I am usually in good health. Why do I get kidney disease?" Is it kidney deficiency or eating something wrong, or something growing on the kidney? "
A healthy vegetarian diet helps to protect the kidneys.
For patients with chronic kidney disease, nutritional therapy such as low protein and low phosphorus diet can delay the course of disease and is also one of the main means to treat chronic kidney disease.
"If we reasonably reduce the intake of some substances, we can produce less metabolic waste and reduce the working pressure of the kidneys, and the overload state of the residual nephron will be alleviated, and the damage rate will naturally be slow." Chen Wei, deputy director of clinical nutrition department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, told China Science Journal.
Some people think that the dietary advice for patients with kidney disease is also applicable to healthy people. For healthy people, does vegetarianism really help to keep the kidneys healthy?
The clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology recently reported a study conducted by Johns Hopkins University and other institutions. The results show that vegetarianism is also particular. Eating a vegetarian diet rich in starch and sugar may increase the risk of kidney damage.
In this study, the researchers analyzed the eating habits and renal function of more than 654.38+0.4 million adults, and followed up half of them for more than 24 years. During the study period, a total of 4,343 people suffered from chronic kidney disease. The results show that compared with people who seldom eat healthy vegetarian food, people who adhere to healthy vegetarian food have a lower risk of kidney disease 14%. Compared with people who seldom eat unhealthy vegetarian food, people who often eat unhealthy vegetarian food have a higher risk of kidney disease 1 1%.
How to distinguish healthy and unhealthy vegetarianism? The healthy vegetarian diet mentioned in this paper includes eating whole grains, apples, pears, oranges and other fruits, dark green leafy vegetables, broccoli, green beans and other vegetables, nuts, natural peanut butter and so on. Unhealthy vegetarianism mainly refers to eating starchy foods such as potatoes, drinking fruit juice instead of fruit, drinking sugary drinks, eating sugar, cakes, chocolates and so on.
According to the research results, the researchers said: eating less meat and unhealthy vegetarian food and eating more healthy vegetarian food may help protect the kidneys, delay the decline of renal function and reduce the risk of kidney disease.
How China people eat should be analyzed in detail.
Nutritionists Dou Pan, Zhang Feng and Li Ziqian from the Nutrition Department of the First Hospital of Peking University made a careful analysis of this research paper. They pointed out to the China Journal of Science: "The number of people studied in this paper is large and the follow-up time is long, but the food investigation method is flawed and the classification method is not rigorous. The research results can be used for reference, but further research is needed; For the reference value of China people, on the one hand, there are ethnic differences, on the other hand, there is a big gap between Chinese and Western dietary structures, so it is impossible to completely copy the conclusions, and further research is needed in our population. "
Xu Haie, a clinical nutritionist in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, believes that the standards of healthy and unhealthy vegetarianism in the article are debatable. She pointed out to China Science that potatoes are generally regarded as a kidney-protecting diet at present, and it is suggested to replace the staple food with them. "There is no unhealthy natural food, only unhealthy eating patterns and cooking methods," Xu Haie pointed out. "For healthy people, a balanced diet is the most important."
"Tea and coffee are also healthy foods in China, but many people may consume more tea and coffee drinks, which is unhealthy. In addition, potatoes in this study refer to French fries, mashed potatoes and so on. Cooking methods high in oil and salt will make any healthy food unhealthy. " Dou Pan pointed out.
Yu Yu, director of the Department of Nephrology of Xiyuan Hospital, stressed to China Science Journal: "Using less and not overloading is the best protection for organs. For the kidney, high salt will increase the load of the kidney. Protein, eating too much is bad for the kidneys. Beans are a good source of protein, but it is not good to eat too much. Delicious is relative, and the most important thing in the diet is balance. "
Patients with kidney disease have clear dietary requirements.
The diet of patients with kidney disease has strict requirements. Dou Pan said that these requirements include "low salt, sufficient energy, low or moderate protein intake, and appropriate adjustment of electrolyte intake level". Specific guidelines or * * * knowledge include: "knowledge of nutritional therapy for chronic kidney disease in protein in 2005, industry standard of dietary guidelines for patients with chronic kidney disease in 20 17, and unpublished clinical practice guidelines for nutritional therapy for chronic kidney disease in 20 18 years."
Dietary Guidelines for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease published on 20 17 has clear guidance on balanced diet, rational planning of meal times and energy, protein distribution, food selection and so on. It is pointed out that patients with chronic kidney disease should limit protein's intake of rice and flour, take wheat starch (or other starch) as the staple food to replace ordinary rice and flour, and take proper amount of milk, eggs, various meats, soy protein and other high-quality protein foods as the main source of protein.
Available foods include potato, sweet potato, lotus root, water chestnut, sodium sulfate, yam, taro, pumpkin, vermicelli, water chestnut powder and other starch-rich foods instead of ordinary staple foods, and rice and flour foods with low phosphorus, low potassium and low protein can also be used instead of ordinary staple foods.
Chen Wei pointed out that the nutritional status of kidney patients is one of the important factors affecting the quality of life, the incidence of complications and the survival rate, but due to various reasons, the incidence of malnutrition in kidney patients is still very high (30% ~ 60%). For patients with kidney disease, he reminded that it is necessary to check and evaluate the nutritional status in time and take effective measures to actively adjust. Then, within the limit of protein intake, we should supply high-quality protein as much as possible, ensure the needs of protein metabolism, and reduce the decomposition of tissue protein.
Related paper information: https://doi.org/10.215/cjn.12391018.