Author: Xiao Xia
Abstract: Children's safety education is related to children's health and family happiness. It is necessary to strengthen safety education for children in all aspects of daily life, strengthen safety awareness education for children from time to time, strengthen teachers' understanding and guidance on children's safety, and improve children's awareness and ability of self-protection.
Keywords: kindergarten; Daily management; safety education
China Library's Classification Number: G6 12 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1673-291X (2013) 26-0265-01.
The safety work of children is the primary work of kindergartens, and it is also the basis of all other work. However, children have poor self-protection ability and weak awareness of safety precautions. Incidents of children eating by mistake, falling and falling due to lack of corresponding self-protection ability and safety knowledge also occur from time to time. Therefore, only active education and protection-cultivating children's self-protection ability and safety awareness, can children be prevented from being hurt as much as possible. The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education clearly points out: "Kindergartens must give priority to protecting children's lives and promoting children's health, and carry out safety, nutrition and health education in close connection with children's lives to improve children's awareness and ability of self-protection." It is imperative to cultivate children's self-protection ability and safety awareness.
Child safety education is not only related to the safety and health of every child, but also to the happiness and safety of every family. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen safety education in children's daily life, safety education in children's activity environment and teachers' understanding and guidance on children's safety. When conducting safety education for children, we should establish the idea of putting children's safety first, master certain safety knowledge, and guide children to establish safety awareness at any time in daily life.
First, cultivate children's safety awareness and self-protection ability
Learning in games can get twice the result with half the effort. For example, after learning zebra crossing, in order to improve children's awareness of traffic rules, the author and children arranged intersections, zebra crossings, red lights, sidewalks and so on. In the activity room, children can play the roles of drivers, pedestrians and policemen. And imitate the scene on the road, so that children can master the traffic rules in a relaxed and happy game.
When children are in the garden, teachers can cultivate children's safety awareness in daily life. For example, when children wash their hands, they should be reminded not to spill water on the ground as much as possible to avoid slipping. Don't push in line, be careful of wrestling; Don't talk while eating, lest you choke and so on. Every time children make progress, teachers should affirm and praise them in time, enhance children's pride, strengthen them to keep the activity room clean, find and record potential safety hazards, and discuss how to avoid these dangers. Finally, arrange these contents in the class environment, so that children can always feel safety education, master safety knowledge and improve their self-protection ability.
Use the dialogue activity "Danger around me" to educate children to avoid dangerous things and not to do dangerous things. Water, fire and electricity are very dangerous for children. In ordinary activities, tell children not to play with fire and not to be too close to the water. Can't play with electric plugs and sockets, can't play with electrical appliances; Avoid being struck by lightning when it rains, don't take shelter under big trees, and don't walk on hillsides or empty highlands; Don't put anything in your mouth to avoid poisoning. Like "How to drink water?" During the activity, the children expressed their views one after another. Some children said: "The cup is steaming, it must be very hot, so you can't drink it right away." Another child said, "Touch the outside of the cup with your hand. If it is hot, you can't drink it. " Another child said, "When drinking water, you should blow it first, and then sip it first, so that it won't burn." You can also distinguish "who is right and who is wrong" by looking at pictures, so that children can know more about some safety rules and let them distinguish which ones are safe and which ones are dangerous. For example, children can't go out of the park by themselves, and they can't go to other classes casually; Go up and down the stairs one by one, don't push or squeeze, and don't slide down from the handrail; When pushing the door, push the door frame, not the glass, and don't put your hand under the door; Don't walk back and forth in the car when riding, and don't stick your hands and head out of the window. You can also let children know more safety rules, such as traffic rules and game rules, through teaching activities, so as to improve their ability to judge things and thus improve their foresight.
Second, carry out safety education in all aspects of daily life.
(1) Collective education and individual education in daily activities are the main forms of safety education activities in kindergartens.
Some safety education activities can be formulated according to the age characteristics of children. In view of the educational content focusing on fire prevention, electricity prevention and self-help, the large class has carried out centralized conversation and exchange activities such as "What to do in case of fire" and "What not to play". With the theme of safety education such as "safe use of electricity" and "safety signs", the common sense of fire prevention and electricity prevention is taught to children through various forms such as environmental layout, photo exhibition and parents' teaching assistants.
There are many safety and self-care education in children's daily life, and teachers should seize every educational opportunity to conduct random education. For example, use scissors by hand and teach children how to use scissors correctly. Children have the opportunity of safety random education when going up and down stairs, getting out of bed, drinking water and eating.
(2) Improve children's safety awareness by telling stories.
Safety education needs to be organically combined with daily life. For example, by telling stories such as "Xiao Ming is lost", "Don't walk with strangers", "What should I do if I get lost with my parents" and "Beware of bad people", let the children know that they have to wait for their parents to pick them up when they go home, don't believe what strangers say, never walk with strangers and don't eat what strangers give them. Teach children not to open the door at will when they are alone at home, and don't open the door when they hear a knock at the door. They can say "My parents are not at home, please come back later" and don't open the door for strangers. In this way, children can learn how to save themselves safely and know how to protect themselves and make themselves safe.
(3) In the form of game activities.
Games are children's favorite form of activity. Through the game of "traffic lights", let children know that when crossing the road, they should stop at the red light and move forward at the green light.
Games are children's nature, and toys are children's favorite. In the daily life and activities of kindergarten, children spend a lot of time playing with toys, so it is very important to educate children about toy safety. Children should be taught not to push and shove when playing with large toy slides. Before the child in front slides to the finish line and leaves, the child behind can't slide down. When playing swing swing, you should sit well first and tighten the ropes on both sides before you can swing; When playing the seesaw, you should not only sit still, but also grasp the handrail with both hands; When playing with a medium-sized toy game stick, don't hit other children's bodies, especially their heads; When playing with small toys, don't put them in your mouth, ears or nose to avoid injury and so on.
Third, family education, care about the safety of young children.
Kindergartens and families work closely together to provide children with safe and self-care family education and protect their safety. Children's self-protection education is not only reflected in kindergarten, but also in children's daily life. Family education is an important aspect of safety education. Therefore, the cultivation of children's self-protection ability can only be carried out smoothly with the support and cooperation of parents. Therefore, we use parents' meeting to explain the significance of cultivating children's self-protection ability, publicize children's safety knowledge and children's self-protection ability knowledge to parents from time to time, and discuss and exchange safety self-protection knowledge with parents. With the support and cooperation of parents, our safety education can be carried out smoothly and the effect of family education can be achieved.
In short, in early childhood education, safety is the first and safety is the bottom line. It is not enough to rely solely on the external protection of teachers and nursing staff. It is necessary to strengthen the education of children's safety awareness irregularly in various educational activities and daily life, and form a conditioned reflex of safe behavior. Only by cultivating children's self-protection ability can children's safety be better guaranteed.