Original pipa tour, pipa introduction. Xing, also known as "Gexing", originated from Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties and is one of its famous songs. The length is long, the sentence pattern is flexible, flat and informal, the rhyme is changeable, and the rhyme can be changed many times. Songs, lines, quotations (and songs, ballads, folk songs, etc. ) Originally three forms of ancient songs, it originated from Yuefu in the Han and Wei Dynasties. It is one of the names of Yuefu songs and later became a genre in ancient poetry. Although the names of the three are different, there is actually no strict difference. Their syllables and rhythms are generally free, and their forms are ancient Chinese such as five-character, seven-character and miscellaneous characters.
Brief introduction of the author
Don? Bai Juyi (772-846), whose name was Lotte, was a Buddhist in Xiangshan. Call yourself "Mr. Yin Yin". Originally from Taiyuan [now Shanxi]. When I arrived at my great-grandfather, I moved to Shimonoseki (now north of Weinan, Shaanxi). Bai Juyi's grandfather, Huang Bai, was a magistrate of Gongxian county and a good friend of Xinzheng county magistrate at that time. Seeing the beautiful mountains and rivers and simple folk customs in Xinzheng, Huang Bai loved it very much, so his family moved to Dongguozhai Village (now Dongguo Temple) in the west of Xinzheng.
Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai on the 20th day of the first month in the seventh year of Dali, Tang Daizong (February 28th, 772). When I was a child, I was brilliant. Learn to write poetry at the age of 5/6, and understand phonology at the age of 9. Because "the family is poor", at the age of112, he was displaced from place to place and came into contact with the people's miserable life. Later, he went to Chang 'an to take the exam, and was appreciated by Gu Kuang with Farewell to Ancient Grass. After falling behind, I went home to study hard at my desk, so that my mouth was sore and my elbows were cocooned. At the age of 27, he was awarded the secretary of the provincial school book lang because of his outstanding achievements. During the Yuanhe period of Tang Xianzong, he was a bachelor of Hanlin, left gleaner, and left Zanshan doctor (East Palace official, satirizing the prince's fault). Yuanhe was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima for ten years, and later transferred to Zhongzhou Secretariat. In Tang Muzong, Mr. Scheeren was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou and Suzhou. In his later years, he was divided into the eastern capital by Prince Ke and Prince Shaofu. Ren Wuzong lived in Huichang for six years (846) and died in Luoyang [Henan] in August at the age of 75. He is the author of seventy-one volumes of Bai Changqing Collection. Taking the age of 44 as the boundary, what I thought before was "saving the world" and then "independence".
In his later years, the official was the Prince with less Fu, and posthumous title was Bai Fu and Bai Wengong. Yuan Zhen and his friends, known as the "poet's magic", actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, advocated that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written for things", emphasized the inheritance of the fine tradition of the Book of Songs and Du Fu's creative spirit, and opposed the works of "mocking the snow and satirizing the garden" since the Six Dynasties. They wrote many poems that lamented the times and reflected the people's sufferings, including those that reflected the people's sufferings. He was a very important poet in the history of China literature, and he also had a certain influence in foreign countries at that time. His highest artistic achievement is a long narrative lyric poem.
Bai Juyi's popularity is easy to understand, saying that "Bai Fu's poems are understood by old ladies".
When Gu Kuang saw Bai Juyi's signature in the poem Farewell to the Ancient Grass, he said, "Chang 'an is expensive, but' white pony' is not easy! When I saw "wildfire never quite consumes them, the spring breeze is blowing high", I immediately praised: "It is really rare to have such a talented poet." Traveling around the world is easy! "
Main work
Song of Eternal Sorrow, Pipa Journey, Farewell to Ancient Grass, Spring Tour in Qiantang River, Mujiang Song, Memory of Jiangnan, Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple, Memory of Yuan Jiu and Li Shiyi Drunk, and A Suggestion for Friend Liu.
In his early years, he was enthusiastic about helping the world, emphasizing the political function of poetry and doing his best to make it popular. He wrote 60 poems, New Yuefu, Qin Zhongyin, which truly made people sick by singing only, and every sentence must be tuned, just like Du Fu's "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". The long narrative poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa Journey" represent his highest artistic achievements. Middle-aged people encounter setbacks in officialdom. "Since then, the career has been long-term, and the world has never been opened." But he still wrote many good poems and did many good things for the people. Hangzhou West Lake and Bai Causeway commemorate him. In his later years, he sent his feelings to the mountains and rivers, and also wrote some small characters. There is a poem for Liu Yuxi: "Don't listen to the old songs, but listen to the new word Yang Liuzhi. It can be seen that he has read some new words. Among them, Flowers Are Not Flowers is quite good.
Literary works
Later playwrights also re-created the poems according to the stories of Bai poetry, such as Wu Tongyu and the Palace of Eternal Life, which were adapted by Bai Pu and Hong Sheng respectively. Ma Zhiyuan and Jiang Shiquan wrote Tears on the Shirt and Autumn on the Four Strings respectively based on Pipa. White poems and white sentences were also adopted by the three generations of characters in Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Bai Juyi is not a literary group of Han and Liu, but he is also an advocate and creator of new style ancient prose. His seventy-five articles "Ce Lin" are outstanding in knowledge, popular in discussion and profound in writing, and are political papers tracking Jia Yi's "public security policy"; Yuan Jiu Shu is an important literary criticism document in Tang Dynasty. Essays such as Caotang Collection, Lengquan Pavilion Collection, Preface to Three Visits Cave and Preface to Litchi Map are concise and to the point. It is a masterpiece in the prose of Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi is also a powerful promoter of ci creation. Poems such as Recalling Jiangnan, Langtaosha, Flowers Are Not Flowers, and Sauvignon Blanc paved the way for the development of literati ci.
Bai Juyi, Li Bai, Du Fu and Liu Yuxi are also called "poetic immortals".
The original "harmony order"
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, Yu moved to Sima, Jiujiang County. Next autumn, I will send a guest to Pukou, and I will hear those pipa players in the middle of the night. Listen to its voice, there is the voice of Kyoto. Ask him, Ben Chang 'an advocates women, learns from Mu and Cao, two brilliant old talents, and devotes himself to being a woman in Jiafu. Then he ordered wine and asked Aauto Quicker to play some songs. When I am sad, I tell myself happy things when I was young. Now I am wandering and haggard, and I have been transferred to Jianghu. I've been an official for two years, and I feel very comfortable, very comfortable. I didn't feel moved until the evening. Because of the long sentences, I gave them songs, all of which were 6 16 words. Life is called pipa xing.
In the evening, I bid farewell to a guest on Xunyang River. Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn. I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music. Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. When we were leaving each other, the river mysteriously widened in the direction of the full moon.
We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home and the guests left. We followed the direction of the melody and asked the player's name, and the voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered. We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again. However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us. ... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings. Every string is a kind of meditation, and every note is a kind of deep thinking, as if she were telling us the pain of her life. She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit. She brushes the strings, twists them slowly, sweeps them and plucks them, first "Nishang" and then "Six Yao". Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets. Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade. Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, so you can't swallow the spring scenery and flow under the ice. The ice spring is cold and astringent, and the strings condense, and the condensation will never stop. The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice. A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons. Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk. The east ship was silent, and the west ship was silent. We saw the white autumn moon entering the river.
She tied it thoughtfully on the rope, stood up and smoothed her clothes, serious and polite. Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital and lived in her parents' house in Toad Hill. [Tomb of Frogs (Hama)] and mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name was recorded on the musician's class list. Her art even attracted the appreciation of experts, and her beauty attracted the envy of all major dancers. How did the aristocratic youths in Wuling compete generously? Countless red silks were given to a song. The silver comb inlaid with shells was broken by her rhythm, and the bloody skirt was stained with wine. Season after season, joy followed, and neither the autumn moon nor the spring breeze attracted her attention. Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared. Lengma was at the door, so at last she gave her wife to a businessman. Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago. She has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary, with no companions except the bright moon and cold water. Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears.
Her first guitar note made me sigh. Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder. We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ! A year ago, I left the capital and came here. Now I am a sick Jiujiang exile. Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music, neither strings nor bamboo sounds for a whole year. My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes. What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing. I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning with flowers and the autumn night with moonlight shining. Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, which are very ugly. Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt that my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music. Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. Translate the travel notes of pipa for you.
... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder.
Although the tune was different from what she had played before, all the listeners covered their faces.
But which of them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet.
Overview of pipa
The poem is divided into two parts, the first ten sentences actively imitate the sound. The sound of the piano curled up, soft and delicate, as if children were whispering. Suddenly, the sound of the piano became high and fierce, just like a brave soldier flying into the enemy line. Then the sound of the piano changed from rigid to soft, and the ups and downs echoed. At this time, the sky is clear and sunny, and there are several white clouds floating in the distance and catkins floating nearby. They are floating, elusive, but intriguing. Suddenly, birds are singing and chirping, and the quiet environment is replaced by noisy scenes. Among the flapping birds, a phoenix flies high and sings a long song. This aloof phoenix, unwilling to associate with all the birds, struggled to climb and finally fell. Here, there seems to be other sustenance besides showing the ups and downs of the piano sound with visual metaphors. Related to the following sentences, such as "wet clothes and tears", probably contains the poet's lament about his situation. The phrase "wet clothes" is quite similar to "this Jiujiang official". "My blue sleeves are wet" in Pipa, but the latter is expressed directly and clearly.
The last eight sentences are about my feelings and reactions when listening to the piano, which set off the beauty of the piano sound from the side. This kind of intense emotional stimulation is really unbearable!
To annotate ...
[1] Move left: demote the official. When Bai Juyi was appointed as an admonition officer, he angered the emperor by repeatedly criticizing state affairs and was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima.
[2] Kyoto tone: refers to the musical tone popular in the capital of the Tang Dynasty.
[3] Advocating women: singing girls. Advocate, ancient song and dance artist.
[4] Good talent: also known as "good luck", a general term for musicians in the Tang Dynasty, meaning "expert".
[5] Commitment: Commitment, here refers to marriage.
[6] Jia people: businessmen.
[7] Order wine: ask [man] to set the wine.
[8] Fast: carefree.
[9] Sympathy: A melancholy expression.
[10] Drift: Drift and fall.
[1 1] official: [Beijing official] transferred from.
[12] Tian Ran: indifferent and quiet.
(13) is: creation.
[14] Long sentence: refers to the seven-character rhyme, which is the customary saying of the Tang people.
[15] Song: Write a song.
[16] word: word.
[17] Destiny: naming and titles.
Xunyang River: The Yangtze River flowing through Xunyang. Whispering: Describe the sound of maple reeds being blown by autumn wind.
(19) Master: The poet refers to himself.
[20] Turn off the lights: move the lights. Heavy: Come again.
[2 1] plucked string on the rotating shaft: the rotating shaft around the strings on the pipa is twisted to adjust the tone.
[22] conceal: conceal, suppress. Thinking: sadness, injury (four sounds).
[23] Close: The fingers of the left hand push inward according to the strings (in the middle of the pipa). Wipe: Pull the string to the left, also called "bounce". Nishang: namely "colorful feathers". Liu Yao: Daqu, also known as Xerox, Green Waist and Luyao, is a kind of dance music.
[24] Major chord: refers to the thickest chord. Minor chord: refers to the thinnest chord. Noisy: heavy and comfortable. Keenness: subtlety promotes quietness.
[25] Customs room: The movement in Yu Ying is called "Customs room". Pharyngalgia: Obstruction is not smooth. It is difficult under the ice, and it is difficult to flow under the ice. It describes the change of music from smooth to cold.
[26] Burst: sputtering.
[27] End of the song: The music is over. Plucker: A plucker used when playing strings. Be careful when painting: this is a right-handed technique. At the end of a piece of music, you often draw four strings in the middle of the pipa with a plucker.
[28] boat: boat.
[29] Convergence: a serious, reserved and polite attitude.
[30] Frog Mausoleum: In the southeast of Chang 'an, near Qujiang, it was a famous amusement area at that time.
[3 1] Jiao Fang: the official organization in charge of conducting musical acrobatics and directing songs and dances in the Tang Dynasty.
[32] Qiu Niang: a common name for song and dance prostitutes in the Tang Dynasty. Five Mausoleums: Outside Chang 'an, the tomb of five emperors in Han Dynasty. Tie the head: send brocade, silk and other gifts to cabaret prostitutes.
[33] Yarn: Thin and light silk.
[34] Tangtou Yinzi: A hair comb (comb cover) with flowers embedded in it. Clap your hands: beat the time.
[35] Color reason: the appearance is aging.
[36] Floating beam: the name of the ancient county, which belonged to Raozhou in the Tang Dynasty. In today's Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province.
[37] Come and go: after leaving.
[38] Dream crying makeup tears: crying in a dream, there are tears on the face that are evenly powdered. Dry: describe tears.
[39] Heavy (read flat voice): Re-emphasize. Haw: Sigh.
[40] Oh (sound Europe) dumb (sound ah) teasing (sound strokes) old (sound tie): describe the noise of the sound.
Pipa: Pipa sound, music played by Pipa.
[42] but sit down: retreat to the original place. Speed up the rope: twist the rope tighter.
[43] Forward voice: It was very monotonous just now.
(44) hide tears: hide your face and cry.
[45] Blue shirt: the dress color of eight-product and nine-mouth civil servants in the Tang Dynasty.
1, Kan (Payne)
2. Zheng
3. Jia (G incarnation)
4. Benjamin
5. Migration (xǐ)
6. Chen
7. Di
8. A gloomy throat (yè)
9. Frog (Hama)
10, gan (xiāo)
1 1, date)
12, grille (b)
13, Chunjiang Flower Dynasty (zhāo)
14, ou remained a smile (not 舵 u y ā zhā o zhā)
Rhyme:
works appreciation
By writing about the misfortunes of Pipa girl's life, combined with the poet's own blow on her official career, she sang the voice of "We are both unhappy-we meet each other forever". We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ”。 Social unrest, the indifference of the world, sympathy for the fate of the unfortunate, and feelings of frustration are all poured into the poem. Its artistic success also lies in the use of beautiful and distinctive language with musical sense, and the use of visual images to express the feelings gained by hearing; The natural scenery and parting of the bleak autumn wind make the work more touching.
In this poem, the poet made great efforts to shape the image of the pipa girl, profoundly reflecting the tragic fate of musicians and artists who were insulted and damaged in feudal society, and expressing the feeling that "neither of us is happy-we will grow old forever". At the beginning of the poem, I wrote "seeing guests off in autumn night", "suddenly smelling" and "playing the pipa", so I asked for a voice "secretly asking" and "moving the boat" and invited to meet each other. After a long time, the singer came out with his mask half open. This kind of echo and tortuous description laid the foundation stone for the theme of "doomsday reduction"
Then through the description of the music played by the pipa girl, the inner world of the pipa girl is revealed. First of all, there is love in the unfinished music, and then there are strings, sounds and readings, which show the ups and downs of the pipa girl.
Then, she went on to write about the life of the pipa girl: her skills taught her to be "talented and obedient", her appearance was "the beauty envied by all major dancers", and the teenagers in Kyoto were "bound heads" and "a song has countless red silks". However, the description of time, such as resentment, longing and crying, and her "singing every night, beauty withers", finally had to "marry a businessman's wife" These songs complement each other and complete the shaping of the image of pipa girl.
Finally, the poet's emotional wave was inspired by the fate of the pipa girl, and he sighed: "We are all unhappy-we meet forever. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " Expressed the feelings of being in the same boat and helping each other in the same boat. Poetry is lively, step by step, dotted everywhere.
They are all endless themes. Like a surging river, it is undulating and enduring. Repeatedly chanting, swinging people's minds, infinite feelings. The language is forceful and vivid. Like a shower, like a whisper, concrete burst its banks, the sound of swords and guns, pearls falling on a jade plate and singing at the bottom of flowers. These sound like it, as if they were in the air.
The whole poem Pipa Xing is divided into four paragraphs, ranging from "seeing off guests at night in Xunyang River" to "hiding half a face after playing the piano". The first paragraph is about the appearance of a pipa girl. Among them, the first six sentences tell the time, which is a night of maple leaf red, yellow flower yellow and autumn wind rustling; Tell the location, it is Xunyang Jiangtou. Xunyang is today's Jiujiang city; Xunyang Jiangtou is also called Songpukou in the preface above. Explained the background, it was the poet who sent his friend goodbye. Parting itself is unpleasant, and there are no more singers and waitresses before the banquet, which is of course more lonely. The syntax of the sentence "I, the master, have dismounted, and my guest has boarded his boat" is a bit strange. In fact, it means that the master and the guest rode to the river together and dismounted to the boat together. Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. We were leaving each other when the river mysteriously widened towards the full moon. The scenery and atmosphere here are well described, giving people a feeling of emptiness, loneliness and dismay, which blends with the depression and sadness of the host and guests to form a strong sense of oppression, preparing for the sudden turn of events below. Among them, the last eight sentences are written in the front: "We suddenly heard a voice, a guitar crossed the water, the owner forgot to go home, and the guest had to go his way." The sound floated from the water, from the ship. This voice immediately caught the attention of the host and guests. They don't want to leave or go back. They must explore the truth of this wonderful sound. "Where do we follow the melody and ask the player's name? The voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered. We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again. However, before she came to us, we shouted a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times. She still hid half of her face behind the guitar and didn't let us see it. " The description here is very detailed. Because it is night, and because they only hear one kind of sound, they don't know where the sound comes from or who the performer is, so the word "seeking the sound and asking the secret" here is very vivid. Then "pipa stops" means that the player heard the call of the holder; "I want to talk late" is consistent with the following "However, before she started coming to us, we made a thousand phone calls and urged her for a thousand times, and still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us", which shows that the performer is depressed and ashamed of the degradation of her life experience, and she is no longer willing to show her face. The description of this pipa girl's appearance is vivid and touching. She didn't see the pipa before she heard it, and her inner pain was slightly revealed before she heard it, which caused many suspense for the development of the next story.
Twenty-two sentences are from "... she turned the string shaft and tried to play a few strings. The second paragraph is" We saw the white autumn moon enter the middle of the river ",which describes the superb acting skills of the pipa girl. Among them, "... she turned the tuning shaft and tested several strings" is to write a tuning audition before the official performance; Then "the strings are suppressed" and the sadness of the tune is written; "She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music", written in slow andante. Gathering, twisting, rubbing and picking are all ways to play the pipa. Nishang: namely "colorful feather" is a dance name in the court of Tang Dynasty. Liuyao: a popular dance name at that time. Fourteen sentences, from "the big strings are ringing like rain" to "the four strings are ringing like silk reeling", describe the musical image of pipa music, from fast to slow, to fine, to quiet, to sudden storms, and then to the final blow, which comes to an abrupt end. The poet used a series of vivid metaphors here, which made the more abstract musical image suddenly become a visual image. There are big beads and small beads falling from the jade plate, Guan Ying's words flowing in the flowers, thin lines under the water ice, and the "silence is better than sound" is gone, and the sudden fracture of the silver bottle and the iron horse makes the listener feel sad, relieved, relaxed and afraid. "Dong Fang is silent, and we see the white autumn moon entering the heart of the river." These two sentences are about the performance effect of the pipa girl. Everyone was fascinated, the performance was over, and the listeners were still immersed in the realm of music. There was silence all around, except for a bright moon reflected in the water.
The third paragraph, from "thinking about strings" to "being awakened from a dream by her hot tears", is a total of 24 sentences, which are about the life experience of the pipa girl. She was once very popular in her early years, but later she became older and declined. Hesitate: To hesitate or hesitate. Convergence: refers to putting away the emotions when playing ball and solemnly respecting others again. Waling: Xiamaling, the tomb of Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty, is located in the southeast of Chang 'an, near Qujiang. Judging from the following ten sentences, "I mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen", this woman was once a smash hit. She is young and highly skilled. She is admired by the older generation of artists and admired by her peers. The prince and grandson are obsessed with her color art: they will spend a lot of money to invite her to play; She indulged in luxury herself and never knew what meanness meant. In this way, year after year, the good times flow away like running water. Jiao Fang: The official position in charge of the court band in Tang Dynasty. The first part: I like the first group and the first team. Qiu Niang: refers to the beautiful and skilled geisha at that time. Five Mausoleums: The tombs of the five emperors of the Han Dynasty, Changling, Anling, Yangling, Maoling and Ping Ling, were the places where the rich lived at that time. Juvenile Wuling: usually refers to the children of nobles. Head-binding: refers to the gift given to showgirls in ancient times, which was used in the Tang Dynasty and other property was left to future generations. Red silk: a kind of raw silk fabric. Soup head: a comb with flowers at both ends. Cloud grate: refers to jewelry decorated with jade jewelry. Clap your hands: beat the time. When singing and dancing, clappers were originally made of wood or bamboo, but now it is popular to clap festivals with precious cloud grates, saying luxury and getting carried away. Idle: whatever, do not pay attention. From the following ten sentences "until first her brother went to war, then her aunt died", this woman changed and degenerated. With the decline of her age, aristocratic children stopped coming to the door, and her few relatives left one after another. She is like a pair of outdated shoes, no one will look at her anymore, so she has to marry a businessman. This businessman only cares about making money and never understands art and emotion. He often goes out alone, leaving the poor woman at home. People have memories. In the face of today's loneliness and neglect, recalling the past makes it mine. In contrast, how can it not make people feel sad? Sometimes in the dead of night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears. In fact, even if I don't dream, I don't know how many times I have to think about it a day. Fuliang: County name, which governs the north of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi. Red and dry: the face is covered with tears and powder.
From "her first guitar note made me sigh" to "this Jiujiang official" at last. My blue sleeves are wet ",sentence 26 is the fourth paragraph, in which the poet expresses his life experience and sympathy for the pipa girl. Haw: Sigh. "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? "The strong feelings of the second language, the tears of the lost through the ages, also triggered an opportunity of love at first sight for the lost through the ages. From "I came, a year ago, away from the capital", the following twelve sentences describe the poet's loneliness since he was relegated to Jiujiang. He said: "Jiujiang is so far away that I can't hear music, strings or bamboo for a whole year." My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes. What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing. I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning with flowers and the autumn night with moonlight shining. Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh and harsh in my ears. " Desolate terrain, harsh environment, sad eyes, nothing to be happy about. In fact, this is largely the result of the poet's own anguish and empathy. Let's compare a passage sung river praised Jiangzhou in Water Margin. He said, "Although I have committed crimes here, I still look at the real mountains and water." Although there are several famous mountains and historical sites there, there is no such scenery. "The poet's sadness and frustration are entirely caused by his political blow, but he can't say that. He just vaguely said that he was also a "fallen man", and he was "sick in seclusion" here, and all other heartbroken pains were pressed to the bottom of his heart. That's why what he saw and heard made people sad. Then, as an equal and sincere friend and a friend in need, he sincerely praised and thanked the pipa girl for her wonderful performance and asked her to play another song. He wanted to write a long poem "Pipa Trip" for her. Pipa girl doesn't want to associate with others anymore. Later, when she saw that the poet was so sincere and emotional, she set the tone and played a more tragic tune. This piece of music made all the listeners cry. What about sentimental poets? Look at his blue chest. It's soaked through. String pulling: to tighten the strings to improve the tone. Blue: Casual clothes with eight or nine grades. Sima was born with nine grades, so he wears blue.
This poem is very artistic. First, he combined the singer and the singer's thoughts and feelings, saying that you are talking about me and I am talking about you. Fates are the same and closely related. After the lute girls narrated their life experiences, the poet thought that they were "neither of us is happy-forever old"; After the poet told her life story, the pipa girl was "... moved by what I said, and she stood there for a while". After the pipa girl played another song, the poet was even more "this Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet. " Intimate friends are touching everywhere, and there is love everywhere. Secondly, the technique of writing scenery and music in the poem is superb, closely combined with writing life experiences and expressing sadness, and the atmosphere is consistent, so that the work is immersed in a sad and sad atmosphere from beginning to end. Thirdly, the language of the work is vivid, strong in generalization and simple and flexible, so the whole poem is well-known and easy to recite. For example, "However, before she came to us, we called for it a thousand times and urged it a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us"; "Don't feel dark and hate life, and speak more in silence than in voice"; There were fewer and fewer chariots and horses in front of the door, and finally she married herself to a businessman. Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears; "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " , and so on are beautiful and moving sentences!
Bai Juyi was originally a poet who cared about the lower class and sympathized with the people's sufferings. This time, he described a touching and pitiful image of a dusty woman in simple language. Because of this poem, Bai Juyi's name is a household name, known to all women and children. Thirty years later, in a poem written to Bai Juyi, Tang Xuanzong said: "The child can understand the Song of Eternal Sorrow, and Hu er can sing Pipa Xing. Even children of ethnic minorities can recite it, let alone Han people with a little culture.
Writing background
Pipa Trip was written in the autumn of the 11th year of Yuanhe (AD 8 16). Bai Juyi was forty-five years old and was appointed as Jiangzhou Sima. Bai Juyi was first left to collect the remains ten years ago, and then he was left to be a doctor. In June of the 10th year of Yuanhe, the forces of the Tang Dynasty sent assassins to stab Prime Minister Wu and imperial envoy Pei Du at the head of Chang 'an Avenue, which caused great controversy in the ruling and opposition parties. A spokesman for the North Korean buffer region army further demanded the removal of Pei Du to stabilize the buffer region's "anti-frontier" heart. At this time, Bai Juyi stepped forward and insisted on recruiting thieves, thinking that otherwise the country would not be a country. Bai Juyi's idea is right, but because he always writes allegorical poems and offends many powerful people in the imperial court, some people say that he is a humble official and oversteps his authority. Plus someone accused him of being Luo Zhi, so he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. Jiangzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. Sima is the assistant of the secretariat, which sounds good, but in fact, in the middle Tang Dynasty, this position was specially set up for "criminal" officials and was sent to a certain place in disguise for supervision and supervision. This incident had a great influence on Bai Juyi and was a turning point in his ideological transformation. Since then, his early fighting spirit has gradually worn away and his negative emotions have increased.
Pipa Travel was written in the second year of his relegation to Jiangzhou. By describing the pipa girl's superb acting skills and bleak life experience, the work expresses the author's personal frustration and sadness at her political blow and relegation. Here, the poet regards a female host as his confidante, helps her in the same boat, writes about herself, cries about herself, and integrates the ups and downs of her career and the sadness of her life, thus making his works have unusual appeal.
The preface introduces the time and place of the story told in the long poem, the pipa girl and the origin of the author's writing this poem. In fact, it has simply summarized the basic content of this long poem. Left shift: refers to demotion and official demotion. Ganpukou: where Ganshui meets the Yangtze River, in the west of Jiujiang City. Kyoto Tone: The charm of Chang 'an, the capital, refers to the regional characteristics and superb acting skills of the tunes, which are not available in ordinary places. Good talent: used to address pipa players in the Tang Dynasty. Order wine: send someone to prepare the banquet. Poor, sad look. Nature: the appearance of happiness. Relocation: refers to the sorrow of being exiled. The author said that he was exiled to Jiujiang for a year and was happy every day. Only today, he listened to the pipa girl's performance, which aroused his sorrow in exile. This statement is necessary for writing an article, and readers will certainly not believe him. Long sentence: refers to seven-character ancient poems.