/kloc-in the 6th century, the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci captured the breath of a new era more keenly than ordinary people-Renaissance humanism. As an artist, thinker, mathematician and architect, Leonardo da Vinci is famous for his achievements in painting. Among the few works of the master, "The Virgin Mary" is an important theme. In his works, a series of images of the Virgin Mary with human beauty reflect the true spirit of the Renaissance. This paper tries to analyze several paintings in chronological order from the aspects of themes, structures, techniques and psychological mechanisms formed by painters from childhood, so as to explore the beauty of the Virgin in Leonardo da Vinci's works. Compared with the portraits of the Virgin Mary painted by painters before and at the same time, it reveals the spirit of "man" in the Renaissance.

Keywords: Renaissance; Da Vinci; Notre Dame; Beauty of human nature

The heyday of the Renaissance in the history of western art refers to the end of 15 to the middle of 16. At this time, the European art represented by Italy reached an unprecedented height, and Leonardo da Vinci, one of the "Three Masters of Renaissance", was its outstanding representative. He is a painter, sculptor, architect, writer, mathematician, doctor, cartographer, engineer and scientist. In his artistic and scientific research career, he has always had a deep love for knowledge exploration. He is worthy of the title of "Homo Universalis" ("Almighty Man"). His innovative skills in painting influenced the art of Italy and European countries for more than 0/00 years after his death. The "sfumato" he created made the outline and tone of the picture softer and more stereoscopic. And "contrast between light and shade" makes the depicted object look like a real illusion [1]. This is deeply reflected in his portrait of the Virgin Mary. Leonardo da Vinci is an unattainable artistic peak.

Leonardo? 6? 1? 6? 1 Da Vinci was born in 1452 Da Vinci Town between Florence and Pisa. His father is an energetic and famous lawyer, Thayer? 6? 1 pierrot? 6? 1? 6? 1 (Sir Piero da Vinci), he gave birth to this child with a poor restaurant maid Catalina, but he didn't marry this poor girl. According to literature, it is generally believed that Leonardo da Vinci was raised by his biological mother before he was five years old, and returned to his father after he was five years old, and was raised by his stepmother and grandfather. Although there is no shortage of food, clothing, shelter and care from relatives and friends, as a five-year-old boy, he left his biological mother, and this influence will run through his life and be reflected in his later works. The women in his works are all loving, beautiful and peaceful, and their expressions are both maternal and holy. In Leonardo da Vinci's life's creation, "Virgin Mary" seems to be his favorite theme.

Leonardo, a teenager, has shown versatile characteristics: he is not only outstanding in appearance, but also born with a beautiful voice, playing the pipa and singing loudly; With his artistic talent and light and shadow effects, he painted a lifelike monster like a dragon. So his father sent him to the painting studio in verrocchio, Florence. Florence is the cradle of artists, where academic freedom, artistic schools and various new trends of thought are very active. Verrocchio was the most famous painter and sculptor in the early Renaissance. He advocated studying mathematics, perspective and anatomy seriously. It also advocates the use of fine description methods to express objects and instill the idea that disciples love nature. Here, Leonardo da Vinci was not only influenced by humanism, but also laid a good foundation for his career. He devoted himself to studying various expressive skills and plastic arts, and believed that the beauty created by nature was the object of painting, and man was the most perfect creation of nature. Leonardo da Vinci painted a half-kneeling angel in the lower left corner of verrocchio's The Baptism of Christ, which is softer and more natural than the main body of the picture. His expression, manner and soft tone show his genius in painting, which is called "like a voice coming from another world" by Wolfling [2], indicating that this is not something of the15th century art world, but a new factor, which indicates that an unprecedented art era is coming. Young Leonardo da Vinci showed new ideas inspired by sketches in his works, which made him stand out from his excellent companions in the studio, and then surpassed his teachers and many talented people in Florence.

1473- 1475 During the period, when he was still in the painting workshop in verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci completed "Informing of Pregnancy", which was one of the first works reflecting Leonardo da Vinci's style. It adopts the horizontal composition that is common in15th century paintings. This painting is based on the Bible? 6? 1 The New Testament, a traditional religious theme, describes the panic and anxiety of Mary, the mother of Jesus, after learning that she was pregnant before marriage. When the painter expresses this traditional theme, he goes against the stereotype of his predecessors. He put Maria's boudoir in beautiful natural scenery. Gabriel, the angel who came to tell Maria the Oracle, knelt on the grass in full bloom. There are tall and straight cypress trees, overlapping mountain banks and gurgling water in the background. Angel Gabriel holds a plain lily in his left hand. His facial expression is very soft and his hairy wings are rich in texture. Maria was holding a book in her right hand, and her left hand was unexpectedly stretched out. Her young face showed amazing dignity and beauty. Maria's gestures and expressions expressed her surprise at this fact. And there seems to be a little shy expression in surprise. In this painting, Leonardo da Vinci's sketch and perspective have been perfected, and he began to pay attention to actions, gestures and gestures to express the inner activities of the characters. However, the processing of light and shadow in the future has not reached a perfect level. The layout of the picture is orderly, quiet and cheerful. Soft colors are full of fresh and natural youth, without religious mystery. The dramatic scenes between the characters are condensed in this instant picture, which shows the lyrical artistic conception and vividly expresses the complicated thoughts and feelings of Pregnancy Notice. The whole picture is filled with a fresh breath, like a clean stream flowing through the Italian art world at that time.

Mona. 6? 1 Lisa (1503-1506) seems to be the most famous painting in the world, which has inspired countless poems, paintings, sculptures and novels for hundreds of years. Although she is also an unfinished work, the painter did make special efforts for this painting. It is said that in the process of painting, in order to arouse the heartfelt feelings of the people in the painting, the painter invited musicians to play for her and clowns to perform for her, but this lady did not let Da Vinci get what he wanted to capture. Until one day, when she saw the sketch of the plane design drawn by the painter, she felt a great shock and showed a heartfelt smile. This rare heartfelt smile was immediately captured by Leonardo da Vinci and successfully shaped. "Her unusual eyes seem to follow the audience, showing her perseverance, charm and wisdom. She is gentle, elegant and affectionate, which makes the artistic conception of the whole picture full of infinite profundity and extremely full colors; But her subtle and mysterious smile reveals a kind of beauty's pleasure and ease in secular life, which is a vivid portrayal of the secular spirit pursued by humanists. [3] "In fact, this unforgettable smile written by Leonardo da Vinci is not a specific expression of a lady, but has universal significance. It is owned by Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa, and it is also the subtlety of human nature that we all share. Maybe this is the Mona Lisa? 6? 1 Lisa's charm. Obviously, this painting inherits the solemn, elegant and idealistic characteristics of Greek classicism, but it further breaks through the limitations of Greek classical art in humanistic characteristics and further moves towards reality and immanence.

She looked at us so calmly in the painting, and her gentle eyes occupied our sight. Her expression is indescribable, charming and elusive. A strong beauty permeates the whole picture. No wonder vasari is so carried away in the book Biography of Famous Artists:

"Anyone who wants to see how much art can imitate nature only needs to look at this portrait, and all her subtle details have been faithfully reproduced. Her eyes are bright and moist ... eyelashes and eyebrows are carefully copied, and the hair combed to both sides seems to grow from the skin ... rosy and lovely lips blend with fresh cheeks, as if they were not painted, but flesh and blood. People who eagerly look at the depression under her throat must imagine that they have seen the pulse beating. This is a miracle of art [4] "

The background of this painting is like a mythical scene. Just like the painting "Our Lady in the Rock", the painter shows infinite interest in rocks and running water. It is worth noting that in this landscape painting, the painter introduced the description of atmospheric perspective principle, and further created the painting method of "blooming method", using fuzzy to deal with the transition between light and dark, making people seem to see the air in the painting and strengthening the sense of depth of the picture space. Compared with the early work "Madonna of Rock", it can make people feel this more obviously.

For Leonardo da Vinci, who left his biological mother at the age of five, even though he was loved and cared for by his stepmother since he was a child, his deep attachment to his biological mother accompanied him all his life. Maybe that's why he painted the virgin like this. Many painters who have painted the Virgin Mary are generally kind and upright, but Leonardo da Vinci's Virgin Mary can touch people's hearts at once because of the expressions of the characters in the painting. In his later years' work "The Virgin, the El Nino and Santa Anna", the Virgin and Santa Anna appear in the picture at the same time, which is particularly prominent. I believe that everyone who has seen the Virgin Mary by Leonardo da Vinci will be deeply moved by the expressions of the characters in the painting.

The Madonna and Saint Anne (1508- 15 10) is a religious painting. In the picture, the virgin sits on the lap of her mother Santa Anna, while the baby is ready to hold a lamb on the ground. This kind of picture was rare at that time. So psychoanalyst Freud once made a big fuss about it. The composition of the humanistic triangle contains the traumatic experience of the painter's childhood, that is, as an illegitimate child, he longs for the love of both his biological mother and stepmother. However, art historians have found that such a composition actually appeared as early as the Middle Ages, and used it to express the life handed down from generation to generation. The three characters in the painting have distinct time meanings: Santa Anna represents the past, the Virgin represents the present, and the two saints point to the future. Even the lambs and trees in the background hint at the future suffering of the baby.

However, isn't what people see in front of them a charming gift? The harmonious coexistence between people, people and animals, people and nature, and the harmonious communication among the three roles are not the real life that artists want to affirm and praise?

In the golden picture, the baby is playing with the lamb, and Maria next to him is smiling, reaching out her arms and making a hug gesture to the child, as if to stop his naughty-"Come to me!" Santa Anna nearby, smiling at all this, the picture is harmonious and calm, like a leisurely afternoon in summer. Both mother and daughter have faint smiles on their faces, and the corners of their mouths are tilted peacefully, and their expressions are like dreams. In fact, the background of this picture is not the real background, high mountains and hazy sky, and the characters in the picture are in an indoor posture, but this combination of background and characters that conflicts with reality does not make people feel anything wrong, but makes people feel harmonious. The environment that cannot be found in reality may only be seen in the virgin Mary.

Burlington House Comic (1499) is an early unfinished sketch, but it is very similar to the Virgin Mary, the El Nino and Santa Anna, with Maria on the left and Santa Anna on the right. They seemed to be talking about something, and Maria hung her eyes and cocked her head thoughtfully. On the right, Santa Anna's face is in the shadow, but it gives the impression that her facial features are brighter because her eyes are open. She faced Maria, raised her left hand and said something to her. Maria's face is charming, while Santa Anna's brow is full of wisdom and more charming. Her position in the composition is relatively backward, her body is half covered by angels, and the light in front is blocked by Maria, casting some shadows on her face, but her face is shining in the dark, and her deep eye sockets are like two pools of deep springs. The painter didn't leave a blank here, but all of them were shaded. If you cover other parts and just look here, people can't see what this painting is, but when you put it into the whole, it becomes a pair of eyes, which also makes people feel that she is staring at the front of the side. After a while, she found her eyes still smiling. The application of "light and shade" in painting is perfectly reflected, and the lines with different densities show subtle changes of light and shadow. Aside from Leonardo da Vinci's exquisite painting skills, the serene expression of the Virgin Mary and Santa Anna in the painting is really touching.

In real life, I have never seen such an expression. Before I first saw Leonardo da Vinci's Madonna, I had never imagined it like this, but it was undoubtedly attractive. The virgin in the painting looks at you quietly, as if no matter what you did wrong, she will forgive you and tell you that there will always be opportunities. Even with her eyes closed, there was such an expression on her face. When I miss this look, I have to open Leonardo da Vinci's picture book, which gives people the power of calm and comfort. I think this is what a mother looks like.

In reality, our mother is not like this, but I don't deny her love for us. They are not all beautiful and wrinkled, and some of them have turned white and frowned-that is, they are working hard for their children's food and clothing. If we put all this aside, our mother will have such an expression, hidden behind her usual expression and covered by life, but she does exist. I think a pregnant woman will show this expression the moment she sees her child for the first time. This is a sacred and pure moment. Leonardo da Vinci just excavated this potential sacredness and showed it to us with paper and pen. This is an idealized and deified mother. She is beautiful, calm, tolerant, loving, without a trace of trouble, and does not eat the sanctity of human fireworks. Only her love for us is left.

If a painting is just pleasing to the eye, it is not beautiful. If it can soothe people's spirits and reach people's hearts, it is a perfect work of art ... The purpose of art is not to satisfy people's eyes, but to satisfy people's hearts. This is the beauty of the Virgin Mary described by Leonardo da Vinci.

Since the Middle Ages, most western arts have been religious paintings, and paintings in the Renaissance are also religious paintings, or paintings of the Virgin Mary and Jesus. However, in the paintings of the Middle Ages, the people in the picture looked dull and miserable: the Virgin Mary was sad, and Jesus always suffered there. There are often many murals and mosaics of Christian figures in medieval churches. For example, the saint in St. Catherine's monastery in Mount Sinai in Egypt sat on the throne with St. Theodore and St. George, which was very wonderful at that time, but its overall painting style was very different from that in the Renaissance. Approaching the "Renaissance" in the14th century, the Florentine school represented by Giotto, whose works are like fresh air, have a strong secular meaning again, and the humanistic spirit has been vividly reflected. After Leonardo da Vinci arrived, the painting style suddenly changed. The Virgin Mary became a very beautiful woman, very beautiful and gentle, holding Jesus, a very funny child. Even Michelangelo's contemporary works are solid and powerful, but the characters are far less gentle than Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo da Vinci's Madonna is unique. In Leonardo da Vinci's works, Renaissance Italy ushered in its artistic peak.

Literally, "Renaissance" originated from the French word "Renaissance", which we translated into "Renaissance", but the light it radiates is not only literature and art, it has the characteristics of an era, and it reflects the spirit of an era, which is very different from the past. If Petrarch is a pioneer of Renaissance literature, then Leonardo da Vinci is a pioneer in the field of art. Humanism can certainly find its source in ancient Greece, but under the rule of Christian civilization, "rationality" gradually returned to humanity after centuries, which is the credit of the Italian Renaissance. Since the Renaissance, European civilization has entered the modern era. "The increasingly clear individualism consciousness in modern western culture has been gradually established. This is an idea with great power to change the world, which undoubtedly inspires the promoters' strong initiative and creativity. In a sense, it is it that created the' giant era' in which heroes came forth in large numbers [5]. "Engels said that this era needs giants, and it has indeed produced giants. From the analysis of the times, the deism of Christian civilization has reached a stage, which must be replaced by people, requiring giants and producing giants. In the past, man was regarded as an accessory of God, but the Renaissance was an era that needed to admit that man was a man. The Renaissance in Italy produced many such giants. If you want to find someone who represents the true spirit of the Renaissance, you will definitely point out Leonardo? 6? 1 da Vinci, the giant.

Leonardo da Vinci is a master of art and a symbol of human wisdom. He has infinite ideals like a god, but only limited strength of ordinary people. He wants to do everything, and he wants to be perfect. He conceived thousands of plans, but only completed a few. Because once he found that what he did was not what he imagined, he immediately gave up. His life is an unfinished road, full of lofty fragments of unfinished works. Before he died, he said bitterly, "I haven't finished a job in my life." [6] "But his lofty concept of man, his full interest in the real world, his infinite yearning for the beauty of nature, and his true understanding of human rational spirit have always been at the forefront of the times. Looking at the few statues of the Virgin Mary he left behind, although there are still many unfinished works, the light reflected from them is enough to make him the most outstanding humanist in the Renaissance.