Objective To introduce the process of pharmaceutical undergraduates' internship in our hospital. Methods The pharmaceutical practice process of undergraduate interns was established and detailed training norms were formulated. Results Undergraduate pharmacy graduates who can undertake the duties of pharmacists in hospital pharmacies were trained. Conclusion The practice process established in this paper standardizes the practice process and is feasible.
Key words: pharmaceutical education; Internship; Process; pharmacy
With the concept of pharmaceutical service put forward, the pharmaceutical work mode responsible for drug use, that is, the work content of pharmacists in hospitals and social pharmacies, has undergone major changes. Pharmacists are no longer just playing the role of adjustment. In fact, pharmacists are playing an increasingly important role in the monitoring of drug treatment, especially in the monitoring and reporting of adverse drug reactions [1]. This reform puts forward new requirements for the teaching content and teaching mode of pharmacy specialty. Especially the teaching of practice before graduation is related to the effectiveness of pharmaceutical education reform.
Pharmaceutical undergraduates are faced with the government's management, production, circulation and use of drugs. With the development of society, other non-public medical institutions as well as health, health care, rehabilitation, consulting, insurance and other pharmaceutical-related industries have also become the employment fields for pharmaceutical graduates. According to incomplete statistics [2], only 1994- 1998 pharmaceutical graduates in China stayed in school or continued their studies, 8% were in scientific research institutes and drug control institutes, as many as 36% of the graduates worked in hospital pharmacies, 19% were in pharmaceutical enterprises, and 19% were in. From 65438 to 0999 and 2000, the proportion of graduates working in hospital pharmacy dropped to about 24%, while that of pharmaceutical enterprises rose to 28%, and that of pharmaceutical circulation enterprises 14%, and those who stayed in school or continued their studies still accounted for 1 1%. It can be seen that the proportion of undergraduate graduates working in hospital pharmacies is relatively large. How to standardize the practice process of pharmaceutical undergraduates in hospital pharmacy under the new situation and cultivate qualified talents who are qualified for drug use positions has become a top priority.
1 Fully understand the workflow.
In China's current professional title evaluation system, undergraduates can take the exam after graduation 1 year, and they can obtain the qualification of pharmacist if they pass the exam. Therefore, undergraduates should have a comprehensive understanding of the hospital medical department and be familiar with the workflow during the internship stage. Work 1 year to meet the requirements and abilities of pharmacists. According to the requirements of medical institutions for pharmacists' ability [3], the goal of internship should be to be familiar with the responsibilities, work contents, working procedures and responsibilities of outpatient department, emergency ward pharmacy, pharmaceutical information and drug consulting service. Master the procedures and technical requirements of drug procurement and supply management; Management of narcotic drugs, psychotropic drugs and toxic drugs for medical use; Medical information and medical consulting services. Understand the responsibilities of parenteral nutrition solution and intravenous drug preparation room; Common names, pharmacological effects, clinical application, usage and dosage of commonly used drugs and matters needing attention; Management of commonly used drugs with expiration date; Principles of drug classification management and related policies and regulations; Preparation of commonly used preparations in hospitals, main equipment; Rational drug use principles and safety monitoring methods, and preliminary understanding of preventing drug use errors; Preliminary understanding of the ability to design and evaluate clinical drug treatment programs; Individualized drug delivery scheme; Clinical pharmacokinetics and bioavailability study; Knowledge of drug investigation and analysis, and suggestions for improvement.
2 Reasonable arrangement of internship time.
The practice time in the School of Pharmacy of our school starts from 65438+ 10 and ends in May. Excluding the Spring Festival holiday and thesis defense, the internship time is 15 weeks. Other schools started in June 165438+ 10 and ended in March of the following year. Except for the Spring Festival holiday, * * * is 14 weeks, and the rest time is used for job hunting. In the 1980s and 1990s, the internship time of pharmaceutical undergraduates was generally 1 year, and now the arrangements of different schools are different. In actual teaching, the author found that the internship time of undergraduates should be 1 year. In fact, last semester of 1 year, most students wanted to find a job. After finding a job, some employers require internships in their own units, and a considerable number of students need to transfer to the internship site, leaving some time for students to control freely. Therefore, the effective internship time is about 24 weeks, and students can understand all the work of pharmacy.
3. Establish a standardized internship process.
3. 1 Infiltrate professional ethics education.
1 On that day, professional and professional ethics education was conducted, and there was little contact in class, so there was no special explanation. In teaching practice, it is found that students have no overall concept of the future work direction and the content covered by the work, are very vague about their hobbies and future development direction, do not really understand the nature of pharmaceutical work, and look down on pharmaceutical work. So we arranged four classes to explain the direction of work.
Professional ethics should be involved in the internship stage. If you don't learn these things, students generally have no warning line, and there will be deviations in the handling of personnel relations and doctor-patient relations in the future work. The pharmacy department in our hospital has a large scale, and most of the contents of pharmacy specialty are involved. We compiled professional ethics documents including pharmaceutical scientific research, pharmaceutical production and supply, and pharmaceutical work, and gave students a concentrated explanation for 4 hours.
3.2 A comprehensive understanding of the internship content.
1 ~ 5 weeks, 5 weeks is mainly to understand the work of the whole pharmaceutical department. Go to the outpatient department, ward pharmacy, drug storehouse, drug inspection and preparation room for rotation, each department is about 1 week. Familiar with relevant laws and regulations, industry standards and rules and regulations of various departments. Understand the daily work situation and process. Do some chores under the arrangement of the teacher to help you get familiar with the work of the department.
3.3 Strengthen in-depth practice.
6- 13 weeks, after the last stage of practice, students have some understanding of the process of drug preparation, inspection, supply and medication. Students choose their own internship departments at this stage according to their hobbies and future work direction. Progress in outpatient and ward pharmacy practice: in the sixth week, learn prescription and doctor's advice management procedures, continue to be familiar with drug names and read drug instructions. In the seventh and eighth weeks, follow the teacher to prepare prescriptions and place medicines. In the ninth week, I followed the emergency window to teach teachers to learn how to deal with daily affairs and the management of toxic psychotropic drugs. 10 week, follow the pharmacist to analyze prescriptions and learn to review prescriptions. On 1 1 week, follow the pharmacist window to distribute drugs and learn the patient's medication guidance. During the two weeks of 12 and 13, the daily work, problems and related data of the pharmacy were collected to prepare for the next stage of summary. Topics related to pharmacy include many contents, such as: how to collect and analyze adverse drug reactions; Drug inventory management; Drug withdrawal analysis and countermeasures: analysis of common prescription errors.
Progress of practice in preparation room: in the sixth week, be familiar with GMP management procedures and requirements. In the seventh and eighth weeks, prepare for foreign teachers with teachers. At the 9th week and 10 week, prepare oral preparations with the teacher. In 1 1 and 12 weeks, we followed the teacher to prepare traditional Chinese medicine preparations. 13 weeks, familiar with the common technical operation process and job responsibilities, fill in various registration forms, and understand the working principle, operation and maintenance of the main equipment of hospital preparations. Progress of practice in drug control room: In the sixth week, get familiar with the requirements of general principles of preparations in Pharmacopoeia. In the seventh week, follow the teacher to test the preparation and raw materials according to the general law of preparing for the exam.
In the eighth and ninth weeks, I learned the TLC identification method of Chinese herbal medicines with my teacher. 10 week followed the teacher to learn the ultraviolet determination method of drug content. In 1 1 week, I learned the method of HPLC determination of drug content with my teacher. In 12 and 13 weeks, I followed my teacher to learn the establishment of HPLC method for drug content determination.
Progress of laboratory practice: in the laboratory, it is a department engaged in scientific research. Generally, teachers with scientific research topics guide students to do some research. Teachers should choose the basic part of the project and lead students to start with the experimental design, the preparation of experimental materials, the beginning of the experiment, the writing of experimental records, the arrangement of data, the statistics and summary of data and the writing of papers. The content of the experiment should be as simple as possible and can be completed within the specified time, so that students can have a systematic understanding of the whole scientific research process.
3.4 Practice summary.
During the week from 14 to 15, summarize the internship content and write corresponding papers.
4 summary.
4. 1 Instill undergraduates to do basic work.
With the development of higher education and the gradual popularization of undergraduate education in China, there are more and more undergraduate graduates. In the 1980s and 1990s, some basic work that should have been completed by undergraduate graduates could not meet the demand because of insufficient personnel. Although people who have not received academic education can engage in this part of the work after training, they find problems in basic work and lack ideas and actions to study them. Moreover, if they can't understand the meaning of the specification, their compliance will be relatively poor. Only in practice can these abilities be cultivated, and problems can be found from grass-roots work, solutions can be found, and they can gradually develop themselves.
4.2 Teaching methods should be diversified.
Practice teaching must have a certain form, otherwise interns will become handyman, and the basic knowledge in the learning stage will not be used in practice, and no new knowledge will be learned in practice. Practical learning forms can be varied, such as: problem-based teaching method [4], designing common problems in work and guiding students to find solutions. Group scenario discussion, simulating drug treatment cases [5], designing cases and selecting drugs [6].
According to the above process, I trained three graduates and constantly revised the process during the training. Due to the development of society, the standardization of industry, the change of consumers' demand and the change of employees' working ability, undergraduate education should also change, especially in the internship stage, which should be given enough attention and standardization.