1. Natural disasters and their characteristics in Quanzhou in Ming Dynasty 1 year, floods and droughts were widespread, and floods occurred frequently in Quanzhou. For example, in August of the tenth year of Wanli (1582), Ding Si, the chief secretary of Fujian, said, "It was rainy in April, and the acropolis was damaged by floods. There were no Tian He and houses in Houguan, Jinjiang and Nan 'an, and people and animals drifted countless times. [2] In the eighteenth year of Chenghua, in July, Wu Jia, "there was heavy rain and flooding in August from Yongchun County to Dingyou, and silt, bridges, rotten officials and private houses, especially the houses in Binxi, were flooded and people drowned". [3] In the twenty-first year of Chenghua, there was a flood in the whole region. The chronicle records: "Rain accumulated in spring and summer for several months, and Jinjiang, Tongan, Yongchun, Dehua and Huian counties, Tianlu and Hejia suffered more losses." [4]。 In the thirty-first year of Wanli (1603), in August, Dinghai, "There was heavy rain in Quanzhou and other places, the sea water soared, and hurricanes suddenly occurred, and more than 10,000 people were flooded, leaving no houses, things and livestock." [5] More than 10,000 people were affected, which is also very rare in the flood records of past dynasties. In the 43rd year of Wanli (16 15), Li Lingyun, the secretariat of Fujian province, was ordered to "investigate the floods in Xing, Quan and Zhang last August and explain the facts. Please keep the original tax of 52,000 yuan or all or half of it for reduction or exemption. " [6] It can be seen that a large number of floods occurred during the Wanli period. Therefore, in the Ming Dynasty, there were some influential gods in Quanzhou and its subordinate counties. Another example is drought. In the sixteenth year of Chenghua (1480), in August, the autumn grain in Fuzhou, Xinghua, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in Fujian was exempted from service. There was 1065438+ Zheng De five years (15 10). In August, Yiyou "exempted from banking classes in Fujian for one year, and was invited by the local drought, so he had a life." [7] At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were few records of drought. 2. There were frequent hurricanes along the coast of Quanzhou in the sixth year of Hongzhi (1403). On July 3rd, there was a heavy rain in Quanzhou. "From Maozi to Shenyang Shashi, the west tower gourd of Kaiyuan Temple overturned, and there were countless trees. Nine times out of ten, rotten officials and private houses, merchant ships and civilian ships are invincible. " [8] In the thirty-first year of Wanli (1603), a steep hurricane occurred in Tongan County, and seawater flooded. "There are rotten houses in Jishan and Jiahe, and people are drowned." At the end of the fifth day of the first month, a hurricane blew, and the sea overflowed the bank, rising by more than one foot at a time, flooding thousands of houses in Zhangpu, Changtai, Haicheng and Longxi, killing countless people and animals. Even a large number of ships crossed the seawall and drifted to Shi Mei Town, crushing people's houses. The counties around Quanzhou prefecture suffered heavy losses. [9] In the forty-six years of Wanli (16 18), Xinwei Fang Congzhe reported Quanzhou Typhoon in March: "Yesterday, the weather was fine, and suddenly I heard the sound in the air like stormy waves, and then the wind suddenly blew, and the yellow dust covered the sky, and the sun was dark and the sky was difficult to distinguish; Just when I was about to faint, suddenly the current in the east was like fire, and the red light shone on the ground, and so did the west. Rainy and foggy, such as soil. " [10] Many houses were destroyed, causing a large number of casualties. In the forty-sixth year of Wanli (16 18), Geng Zi visited Fujian in May, and Cui Er spoke. On March 2 1 day, there was a rainstorm and hail weather in Changtai and Tongan counties of Fujian, which was as big as a fist and hurt the city walls, houses, fields, trees and livestock, causing more than 220 deaths. Please detain 22,000 yuan of foreign currency to help this place. [1 1] This was the most severely damaged rainstorm and hail disaster in southern Fujian in the Ming Dynasty. It can be seen that the typhoon disaster in southern Fujian was raging in the Ming Dynasty. 3. Both Minnan and Taiwan Province Strait are earthquake-prone areas, located in geological fault zones, and earthquake disasters occur frequently. For example, in April and May of the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu (1394) and in December of the twenty-ninth year (1396), there were successive earthquakes in Quanzhou. In February of the sixteenth year of Chenghua, Chen Bing said, "There was an earthquake in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, with thunder rumbling and houses shaking." In November of the tenth year of Xuande (1435), a strong earthquake occurred in Zhangzhou prefecture: "There were nine earthquakes day and night, birds and animals were easy to fly away, mountains were destroyed, rocks were cracked, ground fissures were flooded, and many public and private houses were destroyed, which lasted for more than a hundred days." Earthquakes with similar destructive power have also occurred in Longyan, Zhangping, Changtai and Nanjing. On the night of Gengjia in June of the fifteenth year of Zheng De, "earthquakes occurred in Fuzhou and Quanzhou, Fujian". In the 43rd year of Jiajing (1564), "earthquakes occurred in Fuzhou, Xinghua and Quanzhou in Fujian on the same day" in the first month. April 22nd Wanli Ren Xu "Quanzhou Earthquake". In the 30th year of Wanli (1602), an earthquake occurred in South Australia in the first month of Xinhai. Covering the border between Fujian and Guangdong. "In the thirty-second year of Wanli (1604), there were more than ten earthquakes in Quanzhou on the eighth and ninth day of June." Rocks and seas moved, and several ground fissures appeared, especially in counties and cities. The Zhenguo Tower in Kaiyuan Temple dropped sharply, damaging the handrails. Many houses in the city collapsed and capsized. "[12] This is a very serious earthquake disaster in the local area. In June of the 30th year of Wanli, two earthquakes occurred simultaneously in Xinghua and Quanzhou, Fujian. Xinhai was "an earthquake in Fuzhou, Xinghua and Quanzhou, Fujian on the same day". [13] Quanzhou entered the period of seismic activity during the Wanli period. Because of the unprecedented damage caused by the earthquake, and the sudden attack, it has a great impact on the people in Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. In addition to fear, Minnan villagers have also shaped many related gods. Worship spirit. 4. The plague lasted for forty-one years in Wanli (16 13), and there was a plague in Quanzhou, where ten people died and seven people died. Shops, temples, corpses, all families have no survivors. The city gate is closed, and no one dares to go out. "In addition, large-scale rodent damage occurred in Dehua." Rats in the field harm crops, and there are thousands of acres of land; Eat seedlings in spring and grains in winter. There are rat paths on the banks of the river, and the grass is barren. The following year, Gu Gui, many people starved to death. "[14] Daoguang's Fujian Tongzhi (Volume 52) contains more than 774,600 people who died in the seventeenth year of Yongle. The plague has caused great destruction to society and population. People talk about the color change of the plague, which has also had a far-reaching impact on local folk beliefs. The worship of the god of plague prevailed in Quanzhou, and Huang, a scholar in Quanzhou in the Ming Dynasty, called the god of plague "the god of plague of five parties" to show his magical power and supervise the five parties.