Refuting a topic is to express opinions on certain events or problems and refute one-sided, wrong or even reactionary views or propositions, thus showing one's correct views and propositions. The refutation thesis is roughly divided into two parts, namely "refutation" and "establishment". On the basis of refuting the wrong views of the other party, establish your own correct views. Refutation is the premise of "standing", and the key to refuting the other side is to seize the "breakthrough". Find the weak links in the other party's argument, argument or argumentation, reveal the fallacy, and then demonstrate. "Reason" is the natural result and inevitable requirement of "refutation", and it can also be gradually formed in the process of refutation, but the argument must be clear. There are three ways to refute the other side's point of view: one is to directly refute the other side's argument; The second is to refute each other's arguments by refuting each other's arguments; The third is to refute each other's arguments by refuting each other's arguments. The ultimate goal of all rebuttal methods is to refute the other party's argument. An article that exposes and refutes wrong views and propositions from a correct argument or under the guidance of a correct argument is called an argumentative essay. In argumentative writing, comments are the main body of the article. There are generally three ways to refute the other side's argument: (1) rebuttal point. Among arguments, arguments and arguments, the error of arguments is the key, and arguments and arguments serve the wrong arguments. Refuting wrong arguments is the main refuting method in writing refuting papers. (2) refute the evidence. Wrong arguments are always supported by untenable or absurd theories and wrong examples. As long as these arguments are overturned and refuted, they will lose their support and be self-defeating. (3) refute the argument. Wrong arguments not only rely on absurd and untrue arguments, but also often use wrong arguments and reasoning between arguments to sophistry. Refuting arguments is to expose the unreasonable connection between wrong arguments and arguments, and point out the confusion and absurdity of their logical relationship. To write a rebuttal paper, we must first analyze the other party's wrong remarks, find out its key points and choose the "breakthrough point" for refutation. How to choose a breakthrough: Sun Tzu's Art of War says, "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle." The same is true of writing a rebuttal paper. Only by grasping the weakness of the enemy theory can we make the rebuttal targeted and hit the key point of the enemy theory, which is our breakthrough. If the enemy theory is that it doesn't matter whether you insist on physical exercise or not, the reason is that you don't realize the importance of insisting on physical exercise, then we should take this as a breakthrough and refute it by fully discussing the benefits of insisting on physical exercise. Another example is the enemy's argument: Xiao Zhang is good at expressing himself. The reason is that Xiao Zhang's motivation to pick up the watch and return it to the owner is to get organizational praise. Xiao Zhang's motive for returning the watch to the owner at that time was only known to Xiao Zhang himself. Others say that his motives are only subjective speculation and have no factual basis. But the facts show that Xiao Zhang didn't tell the owner his name and company at that time, which shows that the enemy's statement is false, so we take refuting the enemy's statement as a breakthrough, and then refute the enemy's statement. Secondly, according to the needs, collect relevant materials and grasp conclusive facts as the basis for refutation. How to use the demonstration method of putting facts: first, we must choose the available factual materials, and the selected facts must be true, typical and sufficient. For example, it refutes the wrong argument that "everyone is for himself, and everyone is for everyone", and thinks that the workers in the incense factory ignored their personal safety in the face of the fire and saved the state property and people's lives. Secondly, it is necessary to summarize and describe the selected facts. Third, it is necessary to analyze the factual arguments. When analyzing, we should firmly grasp the center of discussion. For example, when analyzing the last case, we should firmly hold the wrong argument that "everyone is for himself, that is, everyone is for everyone": Imagine if everyone in the factory at that time thought for themselves and did not put out the fire, could the national property and people's lives be saved? It can be seen that everyone is for himself, that is, harming others and harming themselves. If we break through the above two difficulties, it will be much easier to write a rebuttal paper. Although refuting argumentative essays is mainly based on criticism, breaking and standing, in the final analysis, is to break for standing. Therefore, after refuting the wrong views and opinions of the other party, we still have to put forward our own correct views. 1, find out the arguments and arguments against it from the text. The other side's point of view: China people have lost confidence. Author's opinion: Do we have China people who have lost confidence? The other side's statement: First, it boasted of "vast territory and abundant resources", then it placed its hopes on the League of Nations, and then it became a blind prayer for God and worship Buddha, remembering the past and hurting the present. Author's argument: List the "China Backbone" in ancient and modern times. 2. Clear the structure level. The first part (1, 2) presents opposing arguments and opposing arguments. The second part (3-8) refutes: The first layer (3-5) directly refutes that the reactionary rulers lost self-confidence and developed the argument of "self-deception". The second level (6-8) indirect refutation: praise the "backbone" in history and reality-confident China people. The third part: (9) Put forward the evaluation criteria and call on the people of China to distinguish right from wrong.