Author:
Dai xing
Whether it is a master's degree, a doctoral student or an undergraduate; Whether engaged in natural science research or humanities and social sciences.
Scientific research; No matter experts, professors, students or amateur researchers, as long as they are members of the research work, they all write well.
Literature review,
The significance cannot be underestimated.
of course，
Some people will say,
This paper summarizes the research in this field,
The professional foundation is profound,
Complex knowledge, broad vision and advanced thinking.
"
home
"
Writing, only they can write an excellent summary of literary research. but
No, we can't. For this reason,
While ignoring the training and cultivation of writing quality,
Writing a good summary is a researcher.
The most basic,
It is also an indispensable ability. A good literature review can reflect a person's reading outlook, and it is more.
It can reflect a person's level of grasping, analyzing, summarizing and criticizing problems. So, as a person who has just stepped into
"
doorsill
"
How to master the basic knowledge of review and write an excellent literature review?
First, the basic knowledge of literature review
(A) the definition of literature review
Literature review, referred to as review, is the research results and development of a certain discipline, a certain field or technology in a certain period of time.
Level and dynamic information such as data collection,
Sort out, select and refine, and comprehensively introduce and elaborate practical articles.
Body. The most striking feature of this review is description without comment. The key points are as follows
"
summary
"
, that is, to introduce the obtained result information in a condensed way, rather than
Supplement the author's views and comments. If the author's opinion is added to the article, it becomes a comment. The review focuses on
"
criticize
"
, namely
On the basis of the existing achievements, do further research and discussion, and make suggestions for readers. Therefore, the review only
"
condition
"
No comment,
That is, only objectively analyze and introduce opinions and facts, without making comments and comments.
(B) the status of literature review
It aims to integrate the information that has been thought and studied in the specific field of this research topic.
And put the right on this issue
It systematically shows the efforts of Wei scholars.
Induction.
Before deciding on the topic of the paper,
A few things that must be paid attention to at ordinary times.
the problem is
：
How much do you know about this topic in your research field or other fields?
What are the completed studies?
along with
Have past suggestions and countermeasures been successful?
Have you suggested new research directions and topics? In short, it is a reasonable study.
The foundation of.
Through the review, we can know that:
The progress and difficulties in the field of existing research topics,
Is future research possible?
In order to find more meaningful and meaningful results, different conceptual frameworks are proposed and may explain a phenomenon and behavior.
Understand and learn how others define and measure key concepts, carry out alternative research, and explore new research methods and ways.
(C) categories of literature review
According to the purpose of writing and the information collected, it can be divided into the following four types:
1.
Summary: Yes.
According to the characteristics of the content, the facts, data and arguments discussed in the original literature are comprehensively introduced, and generally no comments are made.
Suitable for some academic,
Brief introduction of technical problems,
Especially when some problems have just been discovered and are still inconclusive,
appropriate
Use this form.
2.
Dynamic summary: it is the development of a certain field or a certain topic, according to its own development.
Exhibition stage,
Introduce its main progress from far to near,
Has been introduced to the current level of development,
This type is most suitable for beginners.
Advances in surgery and technology.
3.
Summary of results: it is to collect and sort out relevant documents and contact a certain aspect or a certain project.
Extract various contents from the original document,
Regardless of the chronological order,
Classified narration,
This type is suitable for introducing new
Methods, new technologies, new arguments and new achievements.
4.
Controversial summary: it is an academic view on a certain field or topic.
The differences that exist in the world,
Classification, summary, synthesis,
Narrating according to different opinions.
Narrative can express the author's tendency.
See, when writing this kind of summary, we should pay attention to the arguments of the original paper quoted, and we must grasp the key points.
According to the content of the review study, it can be divided into:
1.
Thematic review. Pay attention to a certain direction and problem as the focus and detail.
Analyze and summarize.
2.
Literature review. Focus on the collection and explanation of papers around a certain topic in a certain period of time.
3.
Retrospective review
State. It is mainly a historical analysis of the development of a subject, and the writing of the article can be organized in chronological order.
4.
Present situation synthesis
State. The main purpose is to collect and sort out new knowledge and new situations in a certain development field in time.
(D) the structure of literature review
Literature review basically consists of preface.
(
introduce
)
, text, conclusion and references.
1.
order
(
introduce
)
This paper briefly introduces the theme, research purpose and significance of the review. Explain related concepts and regulations.
Scope, introduce the basic content of this topic: including history, present situation, prospect and focus of debate. So that readers can understand the full text.
Have a general understanding.
2.
Text: It is the main part of the summary, which is about the development history and current practical work of a certain specialty and discipline at a certain stage.
Ping,
Achievements and prospects,
And all relevant circumstances, should be described in detail,
It is also necessary to write down the different views of peers in this regard.
Go in and analyze it.
3.
Conclusion: The conclusion is the conclusion of the review. Generally speaking, it includes the research conclusion, research significance and existing problems.
Differences, problems to be solved and development trends.
4.
References: indicate the materials cited by the author for people to consult or further study. These are quotes.
List in order. By quoting, we can also see the depth and breadth of the review.
Second, common problems in literature review writing
First, the topic is too wide. Although it is a manuscript that comprehensively discusses a subject, the scope of discussion cannot be too wide.
Pan,
Otherwise, the space is too long,
The topic of discussion is not focused.
Second, the topic should be practical.
Concise and clear,
Can sum up the whole topic,
And it attracts attention.
Some authors just pursue big and comprehensive themes.
It's too wide,
On the contrary, the topic will be too broad and inward.
The content is too narrow and the title does not match.
Second, the re-creation ability and versatility are poor. Summary is not the superposition and accumulation of one-time documents, but necessary.
Knowledge is re-created. It is the product of the combination of synthesis and narration.
"
summary
"
It is the basis and collection of previous published documents.
The process of arrangement and synthesis;
"
condition
"
It is an objective analysis of documents, data and opinions by quoting materials and choosing viewpoints.
The process of viewpoint.
"
summary
"
and
"
condition
"
Both are indispensable,
only
"
summary
"
no
"
condition
"
It is a simple data stack;
only
"
condition
"
no
"
summary
"
similar
"
water without a source
"
The third is to give up the right to learn and criticize easily.
Some people quote a lot from their tutors,
make one's name
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home
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Research results,
Don't pay attention to the research results of other peers,
highlight
"
authority
"
Effect and give up the right to criticize yourself.
As a result, my summary became
The verification report on the effectiveness of learning for others cannot convince readers that their articles have made important contributions.
Fourth, the details are not grasped enough, and the key points are difficult to highlight. Because of the large amount of information and strong comprehensiveness, when writing,
Disposable documents inevitably cover a wide range,
There are many materials,
This structure is very huge,
So if you don't pay attention to the details,
So,
It's hard to get to the point.
It is difficult to concentrate information by summarizing.
In principle, it is the number of cited references,
Log 1
Generally limited to
20
Within the article, no more than.
30
Articles, time data to
three
—
five
Appropriate year
The fifth is to avoid and abandon the study of conflict and find another way. For research topics with more academic disputes, we should still look for existing research.
When the conclusions are contradictory,
Some avoid contradictions,
Conduct a research that thinks it is innovative.
In fact, all these conflicts
Give it up,
This means giving up a lot of valuable information,
This so-called innovation,
Because it has nothing to do with any existing research.
Correlation and comparison are worthless and will be abandoned by future generations.
Encounter uncoordinated or contradictory research results, although
Spend more time dealing with it,
But don't shy away from the important,
Even give up voluntarily.
The conflicts and contradictions in the existing literature are put forward.
Integration is necessary, and the new research has better and stronger explanatory power than the old research.
Third, the skills and steps of literature review writing The first step
：
Generalization and induction
There are two main ways to collect literature.
：
First of all, through various retrieval tools, such as literature index, abstract magazine retrieval,
You can also use CD-ROM or Internet to search.
The second is extracted from comprehensive articles, monographs, teaching materials and other references.
Bibliography of related literature.
When choosing literature, we should go from near to far, because the latest research often includes reference to previous research, which can make
People understand the current situation of knowledge and cognition faster.
First of all, we should look at the abstract and summary of the literature.
To determine whether it is relevant to the research to be done.
Is there a connection,
Decide whether it needs to be included in the literature review.
Secondly, according to relevant scientific theories and research.
Need,
Further screening the collected literature,
Detailed,
Make a systematic record of all the literature reviewed.
Problems, objectives, methods, results and conclusions of the investigation, as well as existing problems, shortcomings of viewpoints and questions that have not yet been raised. will
Related and similar content are classified separately.
Conclusion The inconsistent literatures should be compared and analyzed, and according to certain evaluation principles,
Judge right and wrong.
At the same time,
The source of each piece of information should indicate the complete source.
Don't forget to record references.
Secondary information, such as publication time, page number and city where the publishing unit is located.
First, summarize the literature to be summarized.
(
Not repetition
)
, and then analyze, compare and contrast, the purpose is not to
Explain the previous research in detail, but ensure that readers can understand the main aspects of the previous research related to this study.
Whether individually or collectively, the advantages of previous research,
Analyze and comment on shortcomings and contributions,
This is very important in literature review.
Want it. Step 2: Abstracts Different disciplines have different requirements and expectations for citation abstracts. Although the literature review is not only abstract,
However, it is necessary to conceptualize and organize the research results. Its practices include
: Organize the materials and connect them with the problems of the paper or research.
Integrate the review results, extract the known and unknown parts, sort out the advantages and disadvantages of the literature, and put forward further research.
problem The third step is to criticize whether the literature review is valuable, not only by the amount of new information and knowledge, but also by the author.
And the editor's views and opinions. When reading literature, we should avoid external influence or even interference, objectively describe and compare relevant academic schools at home and abroad.
The viewpoints, methods, characteristics, achievements, advantages and disadvantages of this paper are evaluated. Criticize according to the needs of research, pay attention to
Don't give people the feeling of being picky.