Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of questionnaire survey in sports sociology research, we should understand and master its essentials. This paper analyzes the methods and types of questionnaire survey, the basic requirements, structure and principles of questionnaire design, the common mistakes in questionnaire design and the implementation and evaluation of questionnaire survey.

Questionnaire is the most commonly used data collection method in modern sociological research, especially in investigation and research, so American sociologists al and Bobby say that "questionnaire is the pillar of social investigation"; Mo Ze, a British sociologist, said, "Of the 10 social surveys, 9 were conducted through questionnaires". It can be seen that the role of questionnaire survey in sociological research is very prominent. In recent years, the researchers of sports social sciences in China have widely adopted the questionnaire survey method in the research process, and achieved remarkable results, and the empirical research of sports sociology has made great progress. However, in order to improve the efficiency of questionnaire survey in sports sociology research, we must understand and basically master its essentials.

1, survey methods and types

Questionnaire is a tool to collect data in 1 social research. It takes the form of 1 well-designed question form to obtain information or solicit opinions from selected respondents. Questionnaire survey is a written survey, that is, the investigator asks questions in written form, and the respondent answers the questions on the established situation table. Questionnaire survey is generally a quantitative survey, and the main purpose of the survey is to infer the population through quantity. The object of the questionnaire survey can be chosen by the investigator himself, such as expert consultation; It can also be randomly selected by sampling, which can ensure that the questionnaire has a certain sample size.

The questionnaires used in the study of sports sociology can be divided into self-filled questionnaires and alternative questionnaires according to the answers. The self-administered questionnaire is filled by the respondents themselves, and the substitute questionnaire is filled by the respondents according to their answers. According to the different ways of questionnaire transmission, self-filled questionnaire survey can be divided into newspaper questionnaire survey, mail questionnaire survey and delivery questionnaire survey; According to the different ways of talking with the investigators, the proxy questionnaire survey can also be divided into interview questionnaire survey and telephone questionnaire survey.

2. Basic requirements, structure and principles of questionnaire design.

2. 1 Basic requirements of questionnaire design

2. 1. 1 Consider the design of the questionnaire from the respondents' point of view. Because the questionnaire needs to be answered by the respondents, the investigators should not only highlight their own research topics, but also consider the convenience of the respondents when designing the questionnaire. Therefore, we should pay attention to: the questionnaire design should not be too long and there should not be too many questions; Don't ask too difficult questions, and avoid asking questions that respondents don't want to answer, such as sensitivity or personal privacy; Respondents should not be required to make difficult memories and calculations, and should not ask questions that clearly bear the investigator's own views.

2. 1.2 have a clear understanding of the factors that hinder the questionnaire survey. The key to the success of the questionnaire survey is whether the respondents can cooperate with the investigators. Judging from the questionnaire design, the obstacles that affect the cooperation between the respondents and the investigators mainly come from two aspects: the subjective obstacle is the respondents' bad reaction to the questionnaire in a peaceful mind, and the objective obstacle is formed due to the limitations of their own knowledge, ability and conditions.

2. 1.3 Considering the design of the questionnaire from many aspects, the questionnaire seems to be a survey form composed of 1 questions and answers, but it involves many factors that are invisible in the design. There are many factors that need to be paid attention to when designing the questionnaire, and among these factors, we must consider the influencing factors such as the purpose of the survey, the content of the survey, the nature of the sample, the method of data processing and analysis, the way of using the questionnaire, the funds and time of the survey.

2.2 The overall structure of the questionnaire

2.2. 1 Preface, that is, 1 A short message to the respondent, which is used to introduce or explain the identity of the respondent and the purpose of the investigation, and thank them for their cooperation. The preface should be short and clear, and the language should be polite.

2.2.2 Instructions for filling in the form are used to explain to the respondents how to fill in the questionnaire correctly. If it is a single choice or a question of "yes" and "no", explain to the respondent where to put "J" or "O" for their choice. If it is multi-choice, explain whether and how to sort. For example, "Please fill in1.2.3 ... please fill in ... please fill in"