China is both a mainland country and a maritime country. It is our responsibility to protect the integrity of sovereignty. In recent years, there have been many problems in the South China Sea and other places. The South China Sea issue reflects the marine political society's concern about sea power and marine resources, as well as coastal defense, marine military forces and marine security.

In this school year's "Situation and Policy" class and recent news reports, I learned some questions about the South China Sea dispute, and I also have some views on the South China Sea issue. Here I talk about my views from six aspects:

1. Geographical location and island composition of South China Sea in China.

The South China Sea is one of the three marginal seas in Asia. Located in the south of Chinese mainland. From the East China Sea to the South

Cross the narrow Taiwan Province Strait and enter the surging South China Sea. Located in the Pacific Ocean and India

The shipping hub between oceans is of great economic and national defense significance. The South China Sea has the East.

Saudi Arabia, Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands, zhongsha islands. The northern part of the South China Sea is

China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Taiwan Province provinces, southeast to the Philippine Islands, southwest to.

In Vietnam and Malaysia, the southernmost shoal of Zengmu is close to kalimantan island. The vast South China Sea,

It is connected with the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean through bashi channel, Sulu Sea and Malacca Strait. it

The largest area, about 3.56 million square kilometers. The South China Sea is also the deepest sea adjacent to China.

The average water depth is about 12 12 meters, and the deepest part of the central deep-sea plain is 5567 meters, which is higher than that of the mainland.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is higher. Astronomically speaking, the South China Sea refers to a moon sea, which is located in the southern part of the eastern hemisphere of the moon.

Department. The administrative division of Nanhai also refers to Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China. The whole South China Sea is about the same size.

Surrounded by land, peninsula and islands.

Second, the historical background of the South China Sea in China.

China first discovered and named Nansha Islands, and continues to exercise sovereign jurisdiction over Nansha Islands.

Country. We have sufficient historical and legal basis for this, and the international community has long recognized it.

South China Sea is the ancient concept of geographical sea area in China, and it is the geography of South China Sea in different historical ages.

The concept and scope of sea area are different. As early as ancient times, the ancients in China knew that the western Pacific,

Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. However, in ancient China, the names of various sea areas

Take advantage of chaos. In the pre-Qin era, the ancient people in China had limited geographical knowledge, but they already knew it.

Going to China is a part of the world. Although the world is big, it is not as big as the ocean surrounding the land.

At that time, the ancients in China had the concept of "South China Sea", which refers to the southern ocean of China and its adjacent oceans.

noodle With the increase of sailing activities, we have a better understanding of the oceans around China. South China sea

This geographical concept covers a wider geographical scope, not only referring to the southern ocean of China, but also including

Southeast Asia and the East Indian Ocean. In the Tang Dynasty, China's ancient navigator was in the South China Sea.

In addition to this geographical concept, a new geographical concept has been added: "Southwest Sea", which refers to the present.

Southern waters of Japan, India and Pakistan, including today's Arabian Sea. It should be pointed out that "South"

"Sea" and "Southwest Sea" take China and China as observation centers.

The point with China as the geographic coordinate center is named after Zhou Shi, an ancient navigator in China.

Yes During the Han and Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was called "rising sea" and "boiling sea". After the Tang Dynasty, it was gradually renamed Nanhai.

During World War II, the Japanese invaded China and occupied most of China.

International documents such as Cairo Declaration, Potsdam Palace and Park, and Berlin Proclamation clearly stipulate that it was stolen by Japan.

China's territory is returned to China, including Nansha Islands. 1946 65438+ February, at that time.

China government appointed senior officials to the Nansha Islands for reception, held a reception ceremony on the island, and sent troops to station.

1952, the Japanese government officially declared that it would "abandon Taiwan Province Province, Penghu Islands, Nansha Islands and West China.

All the rights, names and requirements of the Sha Islands ",thus formally returning the Nansha Islands to China.

Third, the basic situation of the South China Sea in China and the demarcation of the South China Sea issue.

"South China Sea issue" refers to the sovereignty dispute between China and Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei and other countries in Southeast Asia due to the sovereignty division of Nansha Islands' islands, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone, including territorial and maritime delimitation and ownership.

For a long time after the war, there was no so-called South China Sea issue at all. No country around the South China Sea has raised any objection to China's exercise of sovereignty in Nansha Islands and its adjacent waters. Viet Nam explicitly recognized China's territorial sovereignty over Nansha Islands before 1975. Before the 1970s, the Philippines, Malaysia and other countries did not have any legal documents or leaders' speeches mentioning their territories including Nansha Islands. 1898 The Treaty of Paris signed by the United States and Spain and the Treaty of Washington signed by 1900 clearly defined the territorial scope of the Philippines, but did not include the Nansha Islands. The Philippine Constitution of 1953 and the Philippine-US Military Alliance Treaty of 195 1 further confirmed this point, but Malaysia only marked some islands and reefs of Nansha Islands in Malaysia on the map of continental shelf published in February 1978. There are more than 500 islands in Nansha Islands, of which only 9 are in China. In recent years, disputes in the South China Sea have been gradually internationalized, the South China Sea has been divided, resources have been plundered, and China's legitimate rights and interests in the South China Sea have been damaged. At the same time, the frequency and probability of conflicts on the South China Sea issue are increasing, which indicates that the South China Sea issue is escalating. Especially at the beginning of this year, the Philippines, Vietnam and other countries, without consulting the China government, announced naked that they would set up mining areas in the South China Sea to exploit resources, enter and leave the South China Sea at will, and even station troops. The situation of the South China Sea issue is increasingly prominent, and it is urgent for the government to solve it as soon as possible! Defend the territorial integrity of the country!

Fourthly, the causes of the South China Sea issue in China.

1 The South China Sea is rich in natural resources.

The climate of the South China Sea belongs to tropical maritime monsoon climate with abundant rainfall. Southwest zhongsha islands

The seabed resources in the sea area are very rich, especially the seabed oil and natural gas reserves are huge. data

It shows that there are more than 200 oil-bearing structures and about 180 oil and gas fields in the South China Sea.

Between 23 billion and 30 billion tons, it is equivalent to 12% of the global reserves, accounting for about the total oil in China.

One third of the resources, we call it "the second Daqing". Only in the great mother Nanhai.

The total oil reserves in the basin, Sabah basin and Wan 'an basin are nearly 20 billion tons. This area

Half of the oil and gas reserves in this area are located in the waters claimed by China.

Similarly, there are thousands of meters of Cenozoic sediments in the underwater terraces of Xisha Islands and zhongsha islands.

In addition, these sediments are closely related to Cenozoic sediments in China Beibu Gulf and Hainan Island.

Therefore, it is also a promising submarine oil and gas producing area. Seabed resources also include

Metal mineral resources, with the progress of science and technology and the deepening of marine development, southwest zhongsha islands

Seabed resources have very broad development prospects and great utilization value. Southwest zhongsha islands

The beautiful tropical island environment on the island reef and the magnificent natural scenery of the sea area have developed the ocean.

Potential resources of tourism. Modern science has also found that the ocean contains huge tidal energy, wave energy and temperature.

If we can make scientific use of marine dynamic resources such as differential energy, density differential energy and differential pressure energy,

Its social and economic benefits will be immeasurable.

2. Geographical advantages of the South China Sea

Rivers flowing into the South China Sea are mainly distributed in the north, including the Pearl River, the Red River, the Mekong River and the Chao Phraya River. Because the sediment concentration of these rivers is very small, the wide and deep South China Sea is always green or dark blue. The South China Sea, located at low latitudes, is the warmest tropical deep sea in China. The surface water temperature in the South China Sea is high (25℃ ~ 28℃), the annual temperature difference is small (3℃ ~ 4℃), the annual temperature is high and humid, and the summer is long without winter. The salinity in the South China Sea is the highest (35‰), and the tidal range is 2m. The natural geographical location of the South China Sea is suitable for coral reproduction. Many beautiful coral islands have been formed on the submarine platform. The South China Sea borders the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean in the east and south, and India's zhina Peninsula and Malay Peninsula in the west. It is bounded by kalimantan island and Sumatra to the south, Indian zhina Peninsula to the west and Philippine Islands to the east. The whole South China Sea is almost surrounded by continents, peninsulas and islands. The northeastern part of the South China Sea is connected with the Pacific Ocean through the Taiwan Province Strait and the East China Sea, the southern part is connected with the Java Sea, the Andaman Sea and the Indian Ocean through the Straits of Malacca, and the eastern part is connected with the Sulu Sea through the bashi channel. There is an absolute advantage in transportation.

3. Historical factors of the South China Sea dispute

In the 20th century, Japan and France came here for economic development and colonial activities. At that time, the Government of China made representations. 195 1 year, the United States presided over the drafting and formulation of the San Francisco Peace Treaty with Japan, which clearly stipulated that Japan would give up its "rights, rights basis and requirements" for the Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands, but it did not clarify the sovereignty of these two islands, nor did it clarify that China would recover its sovereignty. Put China in a passive position on the South China Sea issue. The invasion of Nansha Islands by France and Japan was also a "historical factor" that led to the subsequent dispute in the South China Sea.

Today, with the increasingly developed economy and increasing human demand, people's demand for resources is more prominent. In order to obtain more resources, some powerful countries and developing countries, even those poor countries, do not hesitate to take various means, including looting and illegal exploitation, to obtain resources. Even some capitalists have joined the resource plundering war for greater profits! The absolute advantage of geography and resources in the South China Sea allows them to take advantage of this. They cut off the territory of the South China Sea under various pretexts. Defending the territorial integrity of our country is everyone's responsibility, and we will never allow anyone to occupy our territory or our resources for any reason! In this context, the South China Sea issue has gradually taken shape.

Five: China's decision to solve the current South China Sea issue

Safeguarding the rights and interests of the South China Sea is an important link for China to break through the first island chain. Analyzing from the reality, China's solution to the South China Sea issue is bound to be a long-term, gradual and complicated process. Therefore, it is very important to take the correct road of safeguarding rights. At present and for a long time to come, China's road mainly includes the following aspects.

1, strengthen national economic construction.

In order to maintain the momentum of domestic economic construction and development, China has been making concessions and releasing friendly information on the South China Sea issue, but neighboring countries have been challenging our policy bottom line. As a result, China's idea of shelving disputes and peaceful settlement has not been well-intentioned, but has become his own unilateral self-restraint; Neighboring countries invade the waters around the South China Sea more and more boldly, and then take advantage of the situation to factualize and "legalize" the encroachment. In a sense, it is China's original strategic intention of avoiding the escalation of the South China Sea issue that gives the neighboring countries the wrong hint and intensifies the tension in the South China Sea. Therefore, while maintaining the strategic direction of peaceful development, China needs to safeguard its specific interests more actively and resolutely. Once there is an act that harms China's interests, China must take credible punishment measures, not just a simple diplomatic protest. Only in this way can we put an end to the opportunistic psychology of neighboring countries and restrain them from constantly breaking through the red line.

2. Internal political coordination and balance

With the continuous advancement of modernization, the diversification of social interests in China leads to the increasingly complicated political process, and more and more subjects begin to speak actively, which affects the decision-making process. On the South China Sea issue, the central government advocates that all parties concerned adopt a restrained, calm and constructive attitude on the South China Sea issue, but local governments, interest groups and public opinion hope to take a tougher stance and demand to protect the territorial integrity of the South China Sea and speed up the exploitation of oil and gas resources. How to maintain domestic political balance is becoming a new challenge for China's diplomacy.

3. Solve the South China Sea issue and the balanced management of the surrounding areas.

In recent years, the relations between China and ASEAN countries have improved in an all-round way, and an unshakable interest pattern has been established. Therefore, we should not exaggerate the seriousness of the South China Sea issue and make it a self-evident prophecy. Of course, China can solve the problem through tough measures, but it will arouse the hostility and hatred of Southeast Asian countries towards China, and at the same time, it will permanently legalize the presence of American military forces in Southeast Asia, which is not conducive to the overall peaceful development of China. Therefore, China needs to take the settlement of the South China Sea issue as an opportunity in its surrounding strategic structure to further consolidate the cooperative relationship between China and ASEAN countries. Specifically, on the premise of recognizing the vested interests of all parties, China can establish a South China Sea energy body with oil and gas resources and establish a reasonable profit distribution ratio according to the investment amount. In order to maintain its normal operation and deal with possible uncertain threats, it is logical to establish some form of multilateral security cooperation. Only by establishing a sustainable pattern of development so that all countries can benefit from it can we really put aside disputes and expand economic cooperation into the political and security fields. This also provides enlightenment for breaking through the dilemma of binary opposition between China and ASEAN in economic cooperation and military security.

4. Actively prepare for opportunities

The Government of China has always advocated the settlement of international disputes through peaceful negotiations. However, under the condition of defending China's territorial integrity, we will never compromise, and we will boldly face those countries hostile to China's invasion of China. When the country is invaded, we will never give up using force to solve the problem. Of course, China's military strength is still limited at present. We should also base ourselves on the idea of winning local wars under high-tech conditions, speed up preparations for military struggle, and contain each other with strong military strength. Long-term planning, active preparation, waiting for the opportunity. Judging from the preparations for military struggle, since the South China Sea issue must be solved by the navy and air force, the focus of our military construction should be to improve the pace of modernization of the navy and air force, and at the same time actively try military control through flexible measures.

Six: My attitude towards the South China Sea issue

Peace is a necessary condition to promote the development of the world economy and a basic guarantee for the long-term survival of mankind! People all over the world yearn for peace, and the government and people of China hope that all mankind can live in peace. But now some countries regard our desire for peace as a joke, breaking our bottom line again and again and deliberately provoking our country. Means to undermine our national security and territorial integrity have begun. Faced with the provocation of many countries, as a passionate man who loves his country and defends our national security to the death, I will never agree with the invasion of invaders, let alone tolerate their bullying. The South China Sea is an inalienable part of China's territory, and no one can deny it since ancient times! Under the condition of peaceful negotiation, if the enemy is still arrogant and disdainful, we should unite to defend our country!

Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world!