(1) Establish the idea of respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching, and cultivate a modest and studious atmosphere.

(2) Master and accumulate 12 commonly used notional words in classical Chinese: teacher, preach, Tao, accept, confuse, base, saint, fool, group, foot, attack and classics; Learn it, its two function words in classical Chinese; Learning and reviewing other words in classical Chinese; Recite the words "accept (grant)" and "no".

(3) Learn the conative usage of nouns and adjectives.

(4) Learn the demonstration method of positive and negative contrast.

(5) Master the stylistic knowledge about speaking.

Second, analysis of key points and difficulties

(1) What is the hierarchical structure of this article?

(2) Interpretation of difficult words.

(3) it is a style; This is an argumentative paper. What is the central argument of this article? How is it discussed around the center?

(4) Try to extract the author's incisive exposition on the role of teachers, the necessity of learning from teachers and the principle of choosing teachers, and understand its profound meaning.

(5) Why is the boy's teacher not a teacher, not a person who learns sentences from books?

(6) How is this article contrasted and demonstrated?

(7) How to understand the progress and limitations of this article?

Third, the teaching process design

(A clear teaching objectives (teaching objectives).

(2) Introducing new courses.

Confucius said in the Analects of Confucius, which he studied in the first grade: In a threesome, there must be a teacher; Choose the good one and follow it,

If it's not good, then change it and introduce it.

(3) Introduction by the author (combined with Note ①).

Han Yu (768 ~ 824), a native of Heyang (now Mengxian County, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty, was a famous writer, philosopher and advocate of the ancient prose movement. Because the Han family in Changli (now Changli County, Hebei Province) is a noble family, later Han Yu was called Han Changli, and later he was called Han Wengong. When he was a child, he was poor and studied hard. At the age of 25, he was a scholar, and after the age of 29, he was appointed as Xuanwu our ambassador. Later, he was appointed as a sommelier and an assistant official in imperial academy. I was demoted several times in the middle.

The ancient prose movement is actually a style reform movement in the name of restoring ancient ways. Together with Liu Zongyuan, he put forward the viewpoint of combining literature and Taoism, advocated learning the excellent prose of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, and resolutely abandoned the flashy style of writing that only emphasized form but not content. In the fourth paragraph of this article, he praised Li Pan's ancient prose, that is to say, he loved the ancient prose they advocated. Han Yu influenced the literary world with his excellent prose, and also enthusiastically encouraged and guided backward writers to write ancient prose. Through the efforts of Liu Zongyuan and others, he finally liberated his style from the floating parallel prose since the Six Dynasties and laid the foundation for practical prose in Tang and Song Dynasties.

Han Yu has 40 volumes of Collected Works of Mr. Changli, most of which are excellent essays. His prose has a wide range of themes, profound contents, diverse forms, simple language and great momentum, and is the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties (Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Wan, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi).

Shi Shuo is one of his representative works, which was written when he was a doctor in Chang 'an at the age of 35. Liu Zongyuan spoke highly of this article, saying in Answer to Wei Zhongli's Book of Teacher's Way: There is no teacher in this world; Yes, laugh at it and think it's crazy. Han Yu was alone, ignoring vulgarity, laughing and cursing, and didn't know until he received the phone call. He wrote "Teacher's Talk" and became a teacher because he resisted (correctly). In the world, many strange people gather to scold him, aim their eyes at him and add it to the text, which makes him more and more famous. It can be seen that the teacher's theory is written for the disadvantages of the times. This paper expounds the role and standard of teachers, the importance of learning from teachers and the attitude that should be adopted, and advocates capable people to be teachers, be ashamed to ask questions and learn from each other. These insights have broken through the framework of Confucius' theory and are of progressive significance.

(4) solving problems.

Write on the blackboard. Pointing out the topic does not mean talking about the teacher. Saying is a style of argumentative writing, which can be described first and then discussed, or described first and then discussed. Talking is more casual than talking. The story of a snake, a horse, etc. , junior high school, all belong to the genre of storytelling. Say, the ancient meaning is statement and explanation, so for this style.

According to the explanation. So "teacher talk", that is, teacher, means to explain the truth of learning to the teacher. The following text "Ask and Say" explains the truth of asking questions in learning. As I said just now, at that time, the social atmosphere did not attach importance to learning from teachers, and it was shameful to learn from teachers. Han Yu wrote this article as a gift to his student, Li Pan, in order to attack the disadvantages of the times and promote the truth of learning from teachers.

(5) Guide yourself to read the text.

Students are required to read pronunciation correctly, understand the meaning and usage of keywords and understand the text with the help of tips, notes and reference books. Students teach themselves, ask questions and the teacher corrects them.

1. Read the pronunciation of the following polyphonic words or similar words correctly.

After reading "Reading Sinus or Absence of Mind"

Du Can doesn't preach divination, but he can preach calmly.

Pan Dan Pan Changhong has made progress.

Ran Ran Pan Pan Wuchang Wu Zhang Shao Xu Yi

2. Find the following synthesized disyllabic words.

Literati's Sentence Reading and Six Arts

3. Point out the ancient and modern meanings of the following words.

Ancient scholars ancient times: people who study today: people with specialized knowledge.

I don't know the past when I read a sentence: Where does the sentence stop today? Reading words makes sounds.

Primary school and great legacy: the small aspect of learning today: primary school

4. Discuss the meaning and usage of key words in classical Chinese.

(1) division

It appears 26 times in the text, and its meaning and usage are as follows:

(1) as a noun, there are two situations:

As a teacher, scholars who talk about the past must have teachers.

A person who specializes in witchcraft and tells stories about witch doctors and musicians.

(2) As a verb, there are three situations:

Learn to imitate.

So is my teacher's way (teacher's way, verb-object relationship)

Witch doctors are skilled musicians, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other.

Be a teacher

Either a teacher or not.

The teacher's method has been passed down for a long time.

As a teacher, I will talk about the usage of conation (as follows)

(2)

It appears 25 times in the text, and its usage is as follows:

(1) as a pronoun, there are two situations:

Refers to the person or thing that chooses teachers and teaches them.

Connective attributives and headwords represent a unified relationship, which is equivalent to this and these.

The perpetrators of malnutrition

Witch doctors, musicians and workers

(3) As auxiliary words, there are four situations:

An ancient scholar put it between the attribute and the head word.

Putting it between the subject and the predicate abolished the independence of the sentence, and we can see that it is gone.

It means that the prepositional object is ignorant of sentence reading.

It is meaningless to fill in syllables after verbs, adjectives or words that indicate time.

The six arts are handed down from generation to generation, and they are all connected.

(3) There are three situations in the texts learned before:

As a pronoun, it means that you will be born with sorrow.

As an auxiliary word, it means that the worm has no claws after the attribute.

As a verb, go to the South China Sea where I want to go.

(3) it

There are 17 times in the text, and the usage is as follows:

① As pronouns, there are four situations:

Be the subject in the subject-predicate phrase

Born before me, he heard that his husband was before me (him)

If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand (those)

Re-refers to that, as the main body of ancient saints, their people (they) are far away.

Yu Jiaqi can take the ancient road (him)

As an attribute, I don't know that their years were born on me (them).

(3) As an adverb of mood, there are two situations:

Presumably, saints are holy because of this (probably)

Today's wisdom is out of reach, which is strange and regrettable.

5. Subparagraph.

Write a paragraph to point out the central argument and sub-arguments of this article.

(6) Learn the conative usage of nouns and adjectives.

Confident usage refers to the flexible use of nouns or adjectives as verbs. Adjectives are the most common, followed by nouns, and there are a few expressions.

Psychoactive verbs. Oral usage translated into modern Chinese, the basic format is:

Name, form (verb)+object = take ten objects as ten names, form (verb), for example:

I am a teacher. My name is Teacher.

Fishermen are very different adjectives.

Witch doctors, musicians and skilled workers are not ashamed to learn from each other.

(7) Read the text aloud.

Read the correct pronunciation, sentences and intonation.

(eight) learning the text (combined with understanding the key words and difficult words in classical Chinese).

Students try to translate the discussion, and the teacher pays attention.

1. What method does this article use to demonstrate the center?

Argumentative?

(1) analysis paragraph 1:

How does the author preliminarily demonstrate the general argument in theory?

The first layer: cut to the chase and put forward the central argument: ancient scholars must have teachers.

In ancient times, before the Han Dynasty, scholars were people who read books, which was different from those who had specialized knowledge today. I want to imitate the teaching methods advocated by ancient scholars, so I put it forward at the beginning of the article. There must be teachers, and scholars' achievements and expertise are attributed to the results of following teachers. This sentence not only plays an important role, but also covers the whole text and summarizes the content and scope to be discussed, which has become the central argument of this paper.

The second layer: a positive overview of teachers' functions: preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts.

The teacher, therefore, is a professional teacher, so the sentence is two monosyllabic words. It has the nature of pronoun, so it is a preposition and constitutes a prepositional object phrase, but traditionally these two words are used upside down. The teacher referred to is translated into him and translated into dependence. Teachers rely on him to impart truth, teach research and explain difficult problems. Tao in the sentence includes Confucian Tao with specific contents such as benevolence and righteousness, that is, Confucian political, philosophical, ethical, cultural and educational thoughts; Industry is the following six art classics; Confusion is a difficult problem in the above Tao and karma.

The third layer: the negative argument that no teacher can solve the puzzle, theoretically expounds the necessity of following the teacher.

The fourth layer: the criteria for selecting teachers are put forward positively, and those who hear the Tao first can be teachers.

In the preceding clause, eight Chinese characters are used in a row, and the sentence is also used as a hypothetical conjunction if it is spoken. In the latter clause, rhetorical questions are used to strengthen the tone. Does Fu Yong know that his years were born in me? The sentence "moderate and almost" is a rhetorical tone, which is known for control and investigation. It doesn't matter whether they are older or younger than me.

The fifth layer: to sum up, the principle of learning from others is put forward: if there is no expensive, there is no base; if there is no long, there is no little; if there is Tao, there is a teacher.

Unconditional conjunctions are translated into partial sentences, regardless of their spoken language, existence and noun structure.

The existence of the middle way is the subject and the existence of the teacher is the predicate. No matter (status) or age, the place where truth exists is the place where teachers exist. Here, the author expresses the progressive thought of being a teacher without shame.

2. The first analysis

Paragraph 2:

What is the relationship between (1) and 1?

1 paragraph positively expounds the importance of learning from teachers and puts forward the standard of learning from teachers. Based on the paragraph 1, this paragraph criticizes the bad atmosphere that local doctors were ashamed to follow the teacher at that time, demonstrates the viewpoint put forward in the paragraph 1 from the opposite side, and explains the necessity of following the teacher.

(2) What kind of argumentation method is used in this article?

This passage adopts the method of positive and negative comparison:

The first layer: put forward a sub-argument: the teacher's way is not long! It's hard to be confused!

The fashion of learning from the Tao; Two words in the sentence also indicate pause.

The second layer: in view of the current disadvantages, the crux of not following the teacher is analyzed from three aspects.

First of all, compare today's people with ancient saints:

Four saints and four fools have two parts of speech: one is an adjective, which means smart or stupid; One is a noun, meaning saint or fool. Is this how they all come out? It's a rhetorical question, which means whether to follow the teacher.

In this set of longitudinal comparisons, the author uses a rhetorical period to explain the reasons for not talking to the teacher.

Think again about the son choosing a teacher, compared with the teacher who feels ashamed;

The book of books refers to writing; Reading sentences refers to breaking sentences. Don't know, don't understand, don't know, or don't know, or don't know, is the subject-predicate combination. When translating, I should match: some people don't know how to break sentences, ask the teacher; Some people can't solve the problem, but they don't ask the teacher for advice.

In this set of contradictory comparisons, the author comments on the performance of not following the teacher and directly denies it.

Finally, compare the musicians and literati of witch doctors:

"Tao" is similar to "Tao" and refers to morality, learning and foot. It is an adverb of degree, which means enough and extraordinary. It's strange and embarrassing. It's an exclamatory sentence.

In this set of horizontal comparisons, the author describes the words and deeds of not following the teacher, and sends out strong feelings in a sarcastic tone.

This paragraph uses the method of positive and negative comparison. The teacher guides the students to sum up and asks them to fill in the form of thinking and practice after class.

3. Analysis of paragraph 3:

What is the relationship between paragraph 3 and paragraph 1?

This paragraph is a positive argument, and the argument in paragraph 1 is demonstrated by historical examples.

The first layer: put forward sub-arguments, and saints are impermanent teachers.

The second layer: demonstrate with Confucius' words and deeds. The author gives an example of Confucius inviting officials to visit Changhong, learning the piano from teachers and asking Li to do it. In Confucius' speech, we should understand that there are three people: one is himself, the other is good and the other is bad, but I can learn from his good and change his bad. Only in this way can the explanation reflect the vigilance of the aphorism. Finally, the author infers from the case of Confucius that a disciple need not be inferior to a teacher.

4. Analysis of paragraph 4:

Why does the author praise Li Pan?

The author's praise of Li Pan is not only an affirmation of his unsociable personality, but also a powerful criticism of the scholar-officials' failure to learn from the teacher: it not only criticizes the current disadvantages, but also advocates learning from the teacher by praising Li Pan.

Ancient prose refers to pre-Qin prose. Not limited to time, it is equivalent to existence. Write "Shi Shuo" to make it, and call it Shi in the sentence, so as to make a conjunction between the two verbs, which is equivalent to coming.

This passage points out the reason why the author wrote Shi Shuo, sets an example that is independent of time and can follow the ancient road, and summarizes the full text. At the same time, you can take care of the third paragraph regardless of the time you take care of the second paragraph.

2. What are the linguistic features of this article?

(A) the combination of whole sentences and scattered sentences.

Neat even sentences and flexible loose sentences are used alternately, which is natural and patchy. For example, in the second paragraph, ancient sages were far away from others, but they were still asking questions to their teachers. They are far away from people today, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Next, because of this, saints are good for saints, and fools are fools. It is a loose saying that saints are holy and fools are stupid. In this long article, the reason why saints are holy, the reason why fools are stupid and the reason why saints are holy and fools are stupid are exclusive sentences.

(3) One meaning, multiple sentence patterns.

In the second paragraph, two comparisons are used in succession. The conclusion is that local doctors are criticized for not paying attention to the bad atmosphere of teachers' morality, but every sentence is getting worse. The first sentence is saints and fools, all out of this, with rhetorical tone; The second sentence is the problem left over from primary school, which I haven't seen clearly, with a negative and blaming tone; The third sentence is that the witch doctor musician is a man with a skill, and the gentleman disdains it. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing, with ironic tone and strong feelings.

(3) The use of true figures of speech.

To be honest, use the word at the end of the last sentence as the beginning of the next sentence, so that the last sentence is connected end to end and the next sentence is handed in. This rhetorical device is used in several places in the text, such as ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts.

3. This article talks a lot about learning from teachers, which ones are useful for us today? What embodies the author's feudal consciousness?

The author first put forward the responsibility of teachers, which is both general and comprehensive; The author emphasizes that we should learn from teachers, be a competent teacher, be ashamed to ask questions, respect teachers, reward students for learning, etc., which still has reference significance today. However, the Tao mentioned by the author is the way for Confucianism to maintain feudal rule, and the karma mentioned is the spread of six arts, which is essentially different from the connotation of Tao and karma mentioned by us. He thought that the scholar-officials were abnormal, because they were not as knowledgeable as witch doctors and musicians, which exposed the prejudice that the feudal ruling class despised the working people.