Biography:
1 childhood
Sartre was born in Paris. His father was a naval officer and died when he was less than two years old. Sartre's childhood is
Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Sartre
I spent it at my grandparents' house. His grandfather was a professor of linguistics, and his family had a lot of books, which made Sartre get a good education and gained a wealth of knowledge in his childhood. 19 15 years, Sartre was admitted to Henry middle school with excellent academic performance, during which he was influenced by Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. From 1924 to 1928, Sartre studied philosophy in Paris Normal School and was known as a modern French thinker. [2] 1929, the first in the national junior college and middle school teacher qualification examination, met simone de beauvoir who took the examination together and won the second place. [3] In the same year, Sartre served in a weather station for 1 year and a half. 193 1 In April, Sartre went to La Affre, a port city in northern France, where he taught philosophy in high school and wrote novels and philosophical papers at the same time.
Sartre in 1924
Sartre in 1924
1933, Sartre went to Germany to study abroad, carefully studied the philosophy of German philosophers Husserl and Heidegger, and on this basis, formed his existential philosophy system, that is, everything studies people and the world from the perspective of human consciousness, and takes the existence of human subjective consciousness as the basis of all existence. At the same time, he began to create literature. After the outbreak of World War II, Sartre was drafted into the army, captured the following year, and spent 10 months in a prison camp. War and reality have brought about great changes in Sartre's thought. He turned from individualism and pure individual before the war to paying attention to social reality and began to intervene in life with literature.
1934, Sartre wrote "On Self-transcendence" (or translated "Self-Overcoming") in Berlin. 1936, Sartre completed the third draft of a literary work about contingency, and published the theory of images (or the imagination of translation) (L'Imagination), which is the paper after Sartre studied phenomenology. Sartre's famous novel Nausea, published in 1938, is an autobiographical diary novel, which fully expresses the author's philosophical idea-existentialism through Luo Kangdan's views on the world and life. 1940, Sartre was drafted into the army and later put into a concentration camp as a war criminal. Sartre said in his memoir after a lapse of 30 years, "200 people were tied together, which made me feel the collective honor." After returning from the concentration camp, Sartre and his close partners organized the earliest resistance organization, which was closely related to "Fa * * *". 194 1 After his release, he continued to engage in teaching and creative activities. The 1940s was the golden age of Sartre's creation, and a large number of works came out.
2. Middle age
1943, Sartre completed and published his philosophical monograph L'Ecirctre et le Néant. Still published by Kalima Publishing House. Sartre hopes to treat people for many years.
Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Sartre
Thinking about the relationship with the world is written into this philosophical monograph. Writing is done in a difficult environment. Due to the shortage of coal and electricity, Sartre came to a cafe called Flo near his residence and wrote with acetylene lighting. After the book came out, it caused great repercussions in the intellectual circles. 1944, Sartre's new play "House-Close has no way out" (also translated as "Chamber of Secrets") was released. There are only three actors in this play, and they have been on the stage all the time. The general plot is: three people, a man and two women, were arranged in a room after their death. Everyone needs another, and each prevents the other two from being interdependent. In the end, no one can realize his wish. The performance was a great success. The line in the play "Everyone else is hell!" Become Sartre's most widely known sentence. Sartre was even invited to give a speech about the intermission. Later, Sartre wrote some plays. 1945 co-founded Modern magazine to comment on major events at home and abroad at that time and became a professional writer from then on. On June+10, 5438, Sartre gave a speech on "L 'Existentisme Estun Humanitarianism" in Modern Club. Sartre expounded some basic views to the public in his speech. Point out that existence precedes essence.
1946 ended badly (Sartre's first play after the war) 1946.
Sartre and Beauvoir are in China.
Sartre and Beauvoir are in China.
"La Putain respectueuse" (translated as "Respectable Prostitute" was adapted into a film of the same name),1In February, 948, Sartre accepted the invitation and became the executive member of the Naire Democratization Ré Revolution. Start "dabbling" in political activities. However, the differences with its leader Hussein soon became more and more serious. In April of the following year, Sartre personally held a meeting of the Revolutionary Democratic Alliance, at which he announced his opposition to Hussein. At this time, Sartre's political position is the third way between the left and the right. So it was attacked from both sides. In the same year, Les Mains sold. In the early 1950s, Sartre gradually inclined to the * * * production party politically. Become a fellow traveler of the party. /kloc-the arrest of jacques duclos, the producer of * * * in the summer of 0/952, and the failure of the strike on June 4th caused great stimulation to Sartre. He wrote and published Producers and Peace, trying to explain the relationship between producers and workers and analyze the root causes of the failure of strikes. 195 1 The Devil and God (Le Diable et le Bon Dieu Sartre himself likes this play very much), 1952 Albert Camus's The Rebel advocated "pure rebellion", that is, opposing revolutionary violence, which led him to break with Sartre. On the other hand, a comment about rebels written by a man named Shang Song in Modern magazine angered Camus. Camus blamed Sartre for this article. 1955, Sartre and Beauvoir visited China.
1953 Keane
Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Sartre
(adapted from Dumas' play Keane),1In May, 954, Sartre visited the Soviet Union at the invitation of Soviet writers and delivered a speech that he later admitted was "lying". Klassov published in 1955. 1955 September, Sartre and Beauvoir were invited to visit China. China is a strange country for him, but in China, people know almost nothing about Sartre except a few French literature experts. 10.2, 165438+, China People's Daily published Sartre's article "My feelings about new China", and Sartre also published an article "China in my eyes" in The French Observer, talking about his feelings about China. When the Soviet army invaded Hungary in 1956, Sartre condemned the Soviet army and the French leaders who supported the intervention. And break with * * * producers. But he is still left in political inclination. 1957, in the special issue of Modern magazine about Hungary, Sartre wrote the article "The Ghost of Stalin" to oppose Soviet interference. But he also believes that the Soviet Union is still a flesh-and-blood socialism. He returned to Paris from Charles de Gaulle Airport on 1958. Les sé questré s d 'altona (1959) On biographical novels, Sartre completed Baudelaire (published in 1947) and Joan of Arc: Actor and Martyr (1947) in 1949.
1960, Sartre completed his second important philosophical work, D.
Sartre in 1967
Sartre in 1967
The first part is the theory of theoretical rationality and practical integrity. The second part was never finished. 1963, Modern magazine published Sartre's autobiographical novel Les mots. Many people think that this book marks Sartre's return to literature. Sartre described the time in this book, until his mother 12-year-old childhood before remarriage. Sartre wrote this book because he owed money to the publishing house. 1964 won the Nobel Prize in Literature, but was rejected. The reason is that he doesn't accept all official honors. 1968 in may, riots broke out in French universities, opposing the Vietnam war and school rules. Sartre, Beauvoir and others issued statements in support of students' actions. Then I went to the university to give a speech. After the May storm, Sartre continued to keep in touch with leftists, participated in newspapers run by proletarian leftists and distributed them in the streets. 1973, Sartre was the editor-in-chief of another leftist newspaper, Libération (the largest leftist newspaper in France and the third largest national daily).
3. Old age
1974 Sartre's left eye is actually completely unusable (the right eye was blind in childhood), and high blood pressure forced him to reduce his daily walk to less than half a mile. Due to the loss of writing ability, he said, "I have lost my reason for existence." In the last few months of his life, he showed a rare peace in his life and revised his thoughts. Surprisingly, he joined many conservatives in condemning the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and supporting the United States to boycott the Moscow Olympic Games. [9]1April 980 15, Sartre died in Paris at the age of 74, and tens of thousands of people went to pay their respects.
Abstract: Sartre stood on the side of justice in all post-war struggles, expressed sympathy for all kinds of deprived people and opposed the Cold War. He is also an excellent writer, playwright, critic and social activist.