, Zeng,,, Gong Xihua's "The Analects of Confucius" sits first? Advanced is a documentary prose that reflects Confucius and his students talking about their ideals and interests, and it has a strong literary color. Because the article recorded the dialogue between Confucius and his disciples more than 2500 years ago, which involved many thoughts and methods of how Confucius educated students. Therefore, we can read it as a teaching story or an educational essay. By tasting the language of teachers and students, observing the details and studying the content of the text, we can understand Confucius' unique teaching thoughts and methods as a teacher from one side. Now I will make a brief analysis according to the article.
(1) Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Confucius taught students not to be condescending or overbearing, but to show an amiable and approachable attitude. He said to the students with a cheerful face, "If one day I grow up, I will not be arrogant." It means that you shouldn't be afraid to speak just because my subject is a little longer than yours. Don't be nervous, don't worry. You can speak freely, say whatever you want, and say whatever you want. From this, we can see that Confucius' teaching habits, namely equality, democracy, friendly dialogue and small talk, have no concerns of other ages and generations. Students are of course willing to speak freely in a harmonious and democratic atmosphere. Confucius also said: "If you are alive, you will say' I don't know'. If you know, how can it be? " Confucius' question is very interesting. First of all, he understands the students' psychology and what they think and say on weekdays. This may be because his students are brilliant and ambitious, but no one appreciates and reuses them. Therefore, he is inevitably full of complaints, complaining and lamenting the injustice of the world. This kind of performance certainly does not conform to Confucius' standard of "gentleman". Confucius once said, "You don't have to know what you don't know, but you don't know who you are." "People don't know or care, aren't they gentlemen?" Confucius seized this situation and asked questions. When he asked questions, he asked the students' hearts. "If you know, how can you be happy?" Students are certainly willing to talk about their ideals and interests in front of the teacher. On the one hand, because they have really read a lot of poetry books, their talents are superior. On the other hand, because of this ideal interest, they have accumulated it in their hearts for a long time and finally have the opportunity to get it off their chest. It can be seen that Confucius knows the roots of students, is good at asking questions and inspiring, and his education is highly targeted. This educational method based on reality, insight into psychology, persuasion and guidance is undoubtedly of great enlightenment significance for us to implement the new curriculum reform.
Students' temperament, habits and personality psychology are complex and diverse. Confucius' education is not stereotyped and empty, but varies from person to person, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and using flexible and humorous methods. The four students of Confucius recorded in the chapter "Sit Down" have different interests and temperaments. Lutz is very capable, talented, ambitious and confident, but he is arrogant, reckless and arrogant. Confucius only used a meaningful expression "supporting one" to evaluate students, affirmed their talents and strength, and implicitly criticized his impulsive remarks and unyielding attitude. You Ran and Gong Xihua are modest and prudent, open and sincere, gentle, modest and sincere. The difference in temperament between the two is that Ran is cautious in speaking and doing things, walking on thin ice, a little timid and worried; Gong Xihua's speech is modest, well-chosen and alert. Listening to him has a feeling that "the speaker is relieved and the listener is Tao Ran". Confucius didn't comment on their conversation immediately, but after they left, he expressed his views at Zeng's urging. "If you want nothing, you are not a country." ? Who is comfortable with sixty or seventy, such as fifty or sixty non-state-owned? Only red is not a state? Ancestral temples will be harmonious, not princes. Red is small, how can it be big? "With five rhetorical questions, I fully affirmed the political talents of the two students in governing the country and keeping the country safe, and also expressed my excitement and pride in the trust and praise of the students. In fact, the purpose of Confucius' affirmation and praise is to give great encouragement and spur to the modest and confident You Ran and Gong Xihua. Presumably, I would have told these two students Confucius' radical comments carefully, and I could also predict how excited and happy Gong Xihua would be when she learned the teacher's hope and encouragement. Confucius is like this, implicitly criticizing the arrogant and conceited child; You Ran and Gong Xihua, who were too modest, were euphemistically encouraged. In "Last Words", he once described his ideal life and life interest in poetic language, showing a disposition of being indifferent to fame and fortune, quietism and carefree. In this regard, Confucius deeply sighed and agreed, because the description of cool breeze and charming life coincided with Confucius' hopeless ambition and the lonely mentality of a hero with no way out. This is a sigh that "those who know me make me worry, and those who don't know me make me want", and it is also an evaluation of yet I feel the harmonious heart-beat of the Sacred Unicorn. Presumably, as a student, after listening to the teacher's evaluation, I will definitely feel some emotion. There are four students, four ideals and four temperaments. Confucius educated students with different comments (or language, or expression, or exclamation, or rhetorical question, or direct or implicit) according to different situations. This kind of small talk between teachers and students can be said to be a typical example of Confucius' "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude".