The theoretical innovation with Scientific Outlook on Development as the core is essentially the theoretical interpretation of Marxist historical materialism in contemporary China. The concept of development is an important part of the world outlook, and Scientific Outlook on Development is a response to the challenge of globalization, which indicates a fundamental change in our way of thinking in guiding socialist construction. Scientific Outlook on Development is the theoretical crystallization of the combination of scientific spirit and humanistic spirit, and its core is the idea of "people-oriented". At the same time, Scientific Outlook on Development is a world outlook system with a unified view of achievements, talents, masses and honor and disgrace.
Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, theoretical innovations with Scientific Outlook on Development as the core, including the construction theory of the ruling party (the party's advanced nature and ruling ability), the theory of socialist harmonious society, improving the ability of independent innovation, building an innovative country, building a new socialist countryside and the socialist concept of honor and disgrace, are all important theoretical contributions made by our party during the strategic opportunity period and social transformation period of China's reform, opening up and socialist modernization. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward a distinct theme, that is, "Scientific Outlook on Development is the concentrated embodiment of the world outlook and methodology guiding development", which actually improved Scientific Outlook on Development's theoretical orientation. The theoretical essence of Marxist historical materialism is emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, but the theoretical form of Marxist historical materialism keeps pace with the times. Now it seems that the theoretical innovation with Scientific Outlook on Development as the core is essentially the theoretical interpretation of Marx's historical materialism in contemporary China.
First of all, Scientific Outlook on Development is a world view to meet the challenge of globalization. How to understand Scientific Outlook on Development as a world outlook and methodology is an important theoretical issue at the philosophical level. Philosophically speaking, the world outlook is people's fundamental view and attitude towards the world, and the world itself is changing and developing. How to look at development and what attitude to adopt are the basic questions that the world outlook must answer. Therefore, the concept of development is an important part of the world outlook, and it can even be said that the concept of development has always been a world outlook. For example, Hegel's development view is a world view based on biology, and his development view from quantitative change to qualitative change and negation of negation is an evolutionary or preformatted model of embryonic development. In the vision of Baker's "world risk society", development means risk and its accumulation, and a modern society is a society that artificially creates and accumulates risks by technology and system. Nuclear risk, financial risk and ecological risk occur one after another, which makes people realize that risk follows "progress", just like shadow follows light. In fact, a "risk society" that has existed for hundreds of years has entered people's world outlook. In the minds of people who hold the development concept of "reflective modernization" or "second modernization", unity and diversity coexist, but differentiation and diversity increasingly dominate modernization, and diversity constitutes the core concept of all aspects of "second modernization" and becomes the basic category of this world outlook. Therefore, as a world outlook, the concept of development is also advancing with the times. For developing countries, globalization is indeed a "double-edged sword", which not only provides opportunities for rapid economic development, but also causes multiple difficulties in economic, political, social and cultural development. The economic effect of globalization process, the increment of global wealth mainly flows to developed countries, even within developed countries, the wealth appreciation effect brought by globalization is concentrated in minority groups, and most groups in society have not shared the due results. The political effect of globalization is manifested in the intensification of contradictions between hegemonic politics and consultative politics, unipolar politics and multipolar politics. The social effect of globalization shows that the "homogenization" trend of social life coexists with the polarization between the rich and the poor and the stratum. The cultural effect of globalization has caused a sharp contrast between the abundance of material life and the poverty of people's spiritual life, the supremacy of material, the supremacy of individual and the emptiness of life meaning. As one of the few countries that participated in globalization and made great progress, China inevitably experienced the difficulties and contradictions brought by globalization. Due to the pressure of population, resources and environment, some problems are particularly prominent. How to manage the risk society with rapid economic development under the background of globalization is a severe test faced by contemporary China. Coping with globalization and reflecting on development is a global consciousness problem of contemporary thinkers about global universal values. Since the 1960s and 1970s, people have doubted the traditional development view of "economic growth equals development", and the new development view has put forward three values of development, namely, survival, self-esteem and freedom. In addition to providing basic necessities such as food, housing, medical care and safety protection, development must also provide employment opportunities and educational conditions, and pay more attention to culture and human self-esteem. In particular, it is necessary to liberate individuals and countries from subordination and dependence on other ethnic groups, from subordination and dependence on ignorant and painful forces, and expand the scope of economic and social choices for individuals and countries. Eco-economists put forward the concept of "sustainable development", and problems such as resources, environment, circular economy and sustainable development ability have been put forward one after another, marking the supplement and revolutionary innovation to the previous development connotation. Sociologists put forward that development should start from people and be people-oriented, and the driving force and goal of development lies in people. Some people even suggest that freedom is not only the primary purpose of development, but also the main means of development. This people-oriented development view is a profound reflection on the traditional capitalist industrialization development model and has inspired the innovation of modern western development concepts.
In the process of gradually exploring, discovering and forming the development path of the socialist market economy, the contemporary China people's concept of development has successively gone through the ideological stages of "development is the last word" and "development is the top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country", which has absorbed the reasonable core of the concept of "people-oriented" sustainable development and all-round social development in developed countries, especially the essence of development is to improve people's ability to live according to their own wishes. Only all-round talents are the fundamental purpose and value trend of development. In the reflection of practice and theory, history and reality, Scientific Outlook on Development began to take shape, in which all development is for the people, all development must depend on the people, and all development achievements must be enjoyed and shared by the people. The principle of "power for the people, affection for the people, and benefit for the people" marks the formation of Scientific Outlook on Development, inherits and develops Marx's "people-oriented" historical materialism thought, enriches the era connotation of this thought, and fully embodies the new height and spiritual realm of China's producer world outlook. Practical innovation determines theoretical innovation and world outlook innovation. Scientific Outlook on Development was promoted to the height of world outlook and methodology, mainly because the guiding ideology and thinking mode of China's socialist construction need to be fundamentally changed. In the past, the traditional development model and thinking can no longer cope with the difficulties brought by globalization, nor can it solve the various development problems we are facing. At the current stage of reform, we have encountered deep-seated contradictions, from the widening income gap and social stratum differentiation to the reform of social governance system, from increasing the pressure on resources and environment and changing the mode of economic growth to enhancing the ability of independent innovation and opening up. To truly solve these problems, we should not only start with the specific planning and deployment of development, but also change the development concept, innovate the development model and improve the quality of development. More importantly, we should correct the positions, viewpoints and methods of world outlook and methodology, such as "for whom, on whom" and "why and how to develop", so as to truly realize the unity of development motivation and development effect. It is in this sense that we say that Scientific Outlook on Development is a world view response to the challenge of globalization. Secondly, Scientific Outlook on Development is the theoretical crystallization of the combination of scientific spirit and humanistic spirit. As a world outlook, the core and essence of Scientific Outlook on Development is "people-oriented". People-oriented Scientific Outlook on Development fully embodies Marx's historical materialism on the subject of social history. Marx and Engels especially emphasized the basic and decisive role of material production and economic factors in the whole social development, but they never ignored the important role of other non-economic factors in social development, and historical materialism was never an economic theory. On the contrary, Marx always emphasized that social life is practical in essence. All kinds of practical activities that people engage in, whether it is to possess and create material wealth or spiritual wealth, or to establish and change the economic and political system, are just means and intermediaries. Only the survival, development and liberation of human beings and themselves is the most fundamental purpose. In Marx's view, "man is the essence and foundation of all activities and all human relations"; "It is not' history' that creates all this, owns all this and struggles for all this, but people, real living people. History' is not a special personality that uses people as tools to achieve their goals. History is only the activity of people who pursue their own goals "[1]. Marx also believes that the degree of individual development is related to the actual quality of individuals, and at the same time, it is inseparable from the development of society. He saw that "these social relations actually determine how far a person can develop" [2].
Marx and Engels pointed out in the Manifesto of the Productive Party that the society replacing the bourgeoisie "will be such a consortium, in which the free development of everyone is the condition for the free development of all people". Later, Marx pointed out in Das Kapital that the development of social productive forces will lay a realistic foundation for the future society, which will be "an advanced social form with everyone's all-round and free development as the fundamental principle". Marx and Engels also pointed out in "German Ideology": "In a capitalist society, that is, in the only society where individual creativity and free development are no longer empty talk, this development depends on the connection between individuals, which is manifested in the following three aspects: economic premise, free development of all people and the necessary unity of individual lifestyle on the basis of existing productivity." Obviously, what Marx and Engels want to explain here is that everyone's free development depends on the reproduction of new social relations based on economic development, and the reproduction of such social relations requires everyone's full and free development. That is to say, in Marx's view, the real free and all-round development of human beings can only be the development of everyone in the whole society, but not the development of some people and the non-development of others. At the same time, human development refers to everyone's comprehensive and coordinated development in labor, social relations and personal quality. He even thinks that the degree of people's liberation is consistent with the development of productive forces. He pointed out: "saving labor time is equal to increasing free time, that is, increasing the time for individual's full development, and individual's full development, as the greatest productivity, reacts on labor productivity." [3] At the same time, Marx also believes that the free and all-round development of human beings is a gradual historical process. He said: "People's dependence (completely natural at first) is the initial social form. In this form, people's productivity only develops in a narrow range and in an isolated place. People's independence is based on dependence on things, which is the second largest form. In this form, a universal system of social material transformation, comprehensive relationship, multiple needs and comprehensive ability has been formed. The third stage is a free personality based on individual's all-round development and social productivity becoming social wealth. The second stage creates conditions for the third stage. " 〔4〕
As the inheritance and innovation of Marx's development theory, China producers are determined to hold high the banner of human liberation and free and all-round development, and insist on "people-oriented" as the core and essence of Scientific Outlook on Development. In fact, Scientific Outlook on Development is the theoretical crystallization of the combination of scientific spirit and humanistic spirit. The so-called scientific nature mainly refers to a rational attitude based on science and technology. Habermas once pointed out in the book Technology and Science as Ideology that science and technology is a way of life. He believes that science and technology is essentially a kind of "purposeful rational activity", and the so-called "purposeful rational activity" means that people's understanding of the world is not determined by feelings and traditions, but by rationality based on science and technology. Scientific Outlook on Development is a theoretical system that requires rational answers to the essence, connotation and basic requirements of development, reveals the laws of economic, social, environmental and cultural development, and realizes the goals of civilized development, safe development, sustainable development and peaceful development. Scientific Outlook on Development's humanistic spirit is mainly reflected in his insistence on putting the survival, development and liberation of man and himself in the most important development goal position, and always insisting that all development is for the people, all development must rely on the people, and all development achievements must be enjoyed and shared by the people. Classical Marxist writers emphasize that the development of human society is not only a process of objective historical evolution, but also a process of realizing human values. To examine the progress of human society, we should not only measure it by the level of development of productive forces, but also by the degree of realization of human values. The development level of productive forces is the historical scale, and the degree of people's value realization is the value scale. Judging from the overall historical trend and development direction of social development, the two scales are completely consistent. The historical scale itself contains the human value realization scale, and the human value realization scale is the internal basis of the historical scale. The unification of these two scales is a natural and historical process. For the China Producer Party, which insists on building the Party for the public and governing for the people, it is consistent to respect the law of social development and the people's historical dominant position, seek lofty ideals and interests for the overwhelming majority of the people, complete all the party's work and realize the people's interests. Comrade Hu Jintao emphasized: "Who to trust, who to rely on and for whom, whether to always stand in the position of the overwhelming majority of the people is a watershed to distinguish historical materialism from historical idealism, and also a touchstone to judge Marxist political parties." People-oriented, that is, emphasizing people's historical dominant position in social development, is a further sublimation of party member's ruling purpose. People-oriented means taking people's interests as the guide, adhering to the dialectical interactive view of the relationship between human development and social development, and holding that promoting people's all-round development, promoting economic and cultural development and improving people's material and cultural life are the premise and foundation of each other; The more people develop in an all-round way, the more social material and cultural wealth they create, the better people's lives, and the more adequate material and cultural conditions will promote people's all-round development. The development level of social productive forces and economy and culture is a gradual and endless historical process, so is the all-round development of human beings. These two historical processes should combine and promote each other. It can be said that Scientific Outlook on Development creatively combined Marx's development theory with the practice of reform, opening-up and socialist modernization in contemporary China, which is a theoretical explanation of China and modernization of Marx's historical materialism.
Finally, Scientific Outlook on Development is a world outlook system with a unified view of achievements, talents, masses and honor and disgrace. If Scientific Outlook on Development's humanistic foundation is the comprehensiveness and richness of human nature, then Scientific Outlook on Development's sociological foundation is the comprehensiveness and richness of contemporary China's socialist construction. Judging from the overall richness of contemporary China's socialist construction, the problems to be solved by Scientific Outlook on Development are to build a new system of economic strength and comprehensive national strength that conforms to the characteristics of the times and can meet the needs of people's lives, to build socialist democratic politics, to build advanced socialist culture and to build a socialist harmonious society; Build an innovative country with international competitiveness, build a harmonious world of peaceful development and cooperation, build a modern people's army and build a modern Marxist ruling party. For example, regarding the main goal of economic and social development during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee clearly stated that the per capita GDP in 2020 should be doubled compared with that in 2000 on the basis of optimizing the structure, improving efficiency and reducing consumption. The efficiency of resource utilization has been significantly improved, and the energy consumption per unit of GDP has decreased by about 20% compared with the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. Form a group of advantageous enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and well-known brands and strong international competitiveness; The socialist market economy system is relatively perfect, the open economy has reached a new level, and the international balance of payments is basically balanced.
These goals actually build a new system for developing China's economic strength and building comprehensive national strength in the new century and new stage. Under the pressure of resources and environment and the intensification of international competition, in order to successfully complete such arduous and arduous task of all-round construction, we must establish a scientific world outlook ideologically and obtain the correct methods to achieve these goals, which requires establishing the guiding position of Scientific Outlook on Development's world outlook, that is, unifying with his views on political achievements, talents, the masses and honor and disgrace. This is the root of the significance of Scientific Outlook on Development's world outlook. Only Scientific Outlook on Development can guide the correct outlook on political achievements, and only the correct outlook on political achievements can practice Scientific Outlook on Development. Correct outlook on political achievements is the basis and premise of changing the outlook on development. To firmly establish a people-oriented view of political achievements, we must adhere to the people as the criterion for testing the success or failure of all work, and take realizing, safeguarding and developing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people and promoting coordinated economic and social development as the starting point and destination for thinking, formulating policies and doing things. It is necessary to embody the people-oriented concept of political achievements in the evaluation and assessment of cadres, and change the measurement of political achievements into the ability to implement Scientific Outlook on Development, handle interest relations and control the overall situation of economic and social development, so as to provide a solid guarantee for the implementation of the people-oriented concept of development from the system. * * * The fundamental purpose of producers' contributions is to seek benefits for the people, and the fundamental way to make contributions is to combine the immediate and long-term interests of the people. Some people talk about Scientific Outlook on Development, but in fact they are still engaged in "achievements project" and "face project". The fundamental reason is that they have not established a world outlook that is unified with Scientific Outlook on Development's view of political achievements, and have not really changed their position from the consciousness of "official standard" to the development view and political achievements view of "people-oriented". To implement Scientific Outlook on Development, we must establish a scientific view of talents. It is our important mission to always establish the concept that human resources are the first resource and vigorously cultivate and bring up a high-quality talent team. The competition of comprehensive national strength in today's world is essentially the competition of talents. After all, science and technology competition is also talent competition. The key to realize the leap-forward development of science and technology in China lies in talents. The key to speeding up reform, opening up and modernization lies in talents. The key to achieving the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way lies in talents. We should establish the modern concept that everyone is a talent and everyone can become a talent. We should pay special attention to young talents, create a lively, democratic and innovative atmosphere for them, make them have lofty ideals and aspirations, ardent patriotic enthusiasm and strong creative vitality, unite talents with undertakings, cultivate talents with practice, motivate talents with mechanisms, protect talents with the legal system, and strive to accumulate outstanding talents into the cause of the party and the country, thus forming an inexhaustible talent resource to promote the development of our cause.
To implement Scientific Outlook on Development, we must establish a correct view of the masses. Our cadres must ideologically establish the basic viewpoint of historical materialism, that is, the people are the real heroes and the people are the real subjects of creating history. People are the most active and revolutionary factor in productive forces. No matter the development of productive forces or the change of production relations, the main body is the people. In Marx's view, the history of social development is first of all the history of production development, but also the history of the producers of material materials themselves, that is, the history of working people as the basic force in the production process. This is not only the mass view of historical materialism, but also the fundamental position of Marxist political parties in treating the masses. In the practice of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, people are not only the main body of creating socialist material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization, but also the main body of promoting all-round social progress and realizing all-round human development. People-oriented is just empty talk without establishing the people's historical dominant position. Whether the people support or not, agree or disagree, be happy or not, and promise or not, are the ultimate criteria for measuring political achievements and cadres. To implement Scientific Outlook on Development, we must also establish a socialist concept of honor and disgrace. Comrade Hu Jintao recently pointed out that it is necessary to educate the broad masses of cadres and people, especially young people, to establish a socialist concept of honor and disgrace, to be proud of loving the motherland and to be ashamed of endangering the motherland; Be proud of serving the people and ashamed of deviating from the people; Proud of advocating science and ashamed of ignorance; Proud of hard work, ashamed of leisure, and disgusted with work; Be proud of unity and mutual assistance, and be ashamed of harming others and benefiting themselves; Be proud of honesty and trustworthiness, and be ashamed of forgetting righteousness; Be proud of obeying the law and discipline, and be ashamed of violating the law and discipline; Proud of hard work, ashamed of arrogance and extravagance. In fact, the socialist concept of honor and disgrace is an indispensable part of Scientific Outlook on Development's world outlook system. People need a little spirit. Here, first of all, Comrade Hu Jintao emphasized the historical initiative of the people. He clearly pointed out that to achieve the development goals of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, we must mobilize the people extensively and deeply, unswervingly rely on the people, sincerely benefit the people, and give full play to their historical initiative. Second, we should attach importance to the important role of intellectuals, emphasize the advanced socialist culture in a very prominent position, give full play to the positive role of culture in enlightening thoughts, cultivating sentiments, imparting knowledge and inspiring people, and strive to cultivate socialist citizens with ideals, morality, culture and discipline. Third, he paid special attention to the social role of cadres and teenagers, emphasized vigorously promoting patriotism, collectivism and socialism in the whole society, advocated the basic socialist ethics, and promoted the formation and development of a good social atmosphere. He attaches great importance to the social role of cadres and teenagers, because in establishing the socialist concept of "eight honors and eight disgraces", cadres have an important exemplary role, while the majority of teenagers have the role of connecting the past with the future and pioneering and innovating.
In a word, only by unifying Scientific Outlook on Development's views on achievements, talents, the masses and honor and disgrace, and taking Scientific Outlook on Development as the action guide, can we truly change the development concept, innovate the development model, improve the development quality, solve the development problems and truly realize scientific, civilized, safe and sustainable development.