Abstract: The construction and maintenance management of landscape engineering is a very practical subject. Garden planting is a short-term construction project, and maintenance management is a long-term and phased project. Garden construction and maintenance management are interrelated, interactive, complementary and inseparable. This paper analyzes the characteristics of garden construction and maintenance management, and probes into the countermeasures for the organic combination of them.
1 Introduction
Landscape engineering is a long-term and complicated work, including landscape design, construction and maintenance. Construction is in the middle stage of landscape engineering, emphasizing progress and quality, and paying attention to the final effect; Maintenance is the later stage of landscape engineering, emphasizing practical results and striving for practical beauty, which requires rich practical experience to continue the landscape concept. In other words, although the three have their own characteristics, they are not isolated, but interrelated and restricted. A successful garden work is inseparable from the organic combination of the construction and maintenance of these sub-projects, otherwise the ecological value, social value and humanistic value of garden construction will not be brought into full play with maximum efficiency, and the original significance of garden construction will be lost. Therefore, landscape construction and maintenance management are interrelated, interactive, complementary and inseparable.
2 key points of garden construction
With the promulgation of People's Republic of China (PRC) industry standard "Code for Construction and Acceptance of Urban Greening Projects", detailed and specific standards are provided for the construction and acceptance of urban greening projects. In accordance with the specifications, the construction shall be carried out in strict accordance with the approved greening engineering design drawings and related documents, and the whole construction process of various greening projects shall be comprehensively supervised and quality controlled.
2. 1 Make preparations before construction.
On the basis of mastering the design intention, check the site according to the design drawings, prepare the construction plan, and do a good job in the preliminary work such as site leveling, fixed-point setting out, water supply and drainage engineering, etc. As the saying goes, sharpening the knife does not mistake the woodcutter, and getting ready will often speed up the construction progress.
2.2 In strict accordance with the design drawings.
The construction of greening project is to plant plants artistically and make them survive according to the design requirements, so as to make plants play the role of greening and beautifying as soon as possible. Therefore, design is the soul of greening project. Without design, the construction of greening project is impossible. If the construction is not strictly in accordance with the drawings, it will distort the whole design idea and affect the greening and beautification effect. It is the basic premise to ensure the quality of greening project that the construction personnel master the design intention, keep close contact with the design unit and strictly follow the drawings.
2.3 Strengthen the application of construction organization design
According to the investigation of the construction site, determining various requirements, compiling the construction organization plan, implementing the construction progress in the construction, and making appropriate adjustments to the progress plan according to the actual construction situation can often make the project construction proceed in an orderly manner, ensure the implementation of the project progress plan, and shorten the construction period as much as possible. It plays a very significant role in the construction of key projects with large quantities and short construction period. In particular, the implementation of the bidding system for landscape engineering needs to strengthen the application of construction organization design. The construction organization needs to make it clear that the project is divided into several engineering groups, and the relationship and person in charge of each engineering group. Be careful not to neglect the maintenance group. Personnel arrangement should be arranged in chronological order according to the construction progress plan.
3 garden maintenance points
After the garden project is completed, the maintenance management is particularly important. Planting trees is a temporary thing, and maintenance is a long-term thing, that is, "three-point planting and seven-point management". All kinds of trees have different ecological habits and characteristics. In order to make trees grow strong and give full play to their greening function, it is necessary to create living conditions that can meet the needs of trees and meet their needs for water, so that they will neither suffer from drought due to lack of water nor suffer from floods due to excessive water.
3. 1 irrigation
The water needed for the growth of trees is mainly absorbed by the roots from the soil. When the water content in soil can't meet the absorption of roots, or the water consumption of aboveground parts is too large, we should try our best to meet their needs. This measure is called irrigation.
Irrigation is generally determined according to the osmotic pressure of plant leaves or the water absorbed. During irrigation, if the water absorption of the leaves is large, it proves that the water is insufficient, and water should be sprayed in time. Although drought-resistant shrubs are limited by equipment and human resources, it is necessary to water the newly planted trees, seedlings, shrubs and broad-leaved trees first, and the long-term planted trees, trees and conifers can be watered later. Summer is the peak season for the growth of trees, which needs a lot of water, but it is not good to water at noon in hot weather because of the direct sunlight, and it is not good to water the leaves at noon.
Irrigation should be appropriate, and it is best to adopt the principle of less irrigation, frequent irrigation and scattered irrigation. According to the needs of tree growth, according to the trees, land and time, irrigation should be reasonable to ensure that trees have enough water supply at any time. At present, the common irrigation method in production is that after trees are planted, trees need to be irrigated continuously for 3 ~ 5 years, and shrubs need to be irrigated for at least 5 years. If the soil is not good or the trees grow badly due to water shortage and dry years, the irrigation period should be extended. The minimum irrigation amount for each plant at a time-trees should not be less than 90kg and shrubs should not be less than 60kg. Water sources commonly used for irrigation are tap water, well water, river water, lake water, pond water and waste water that can be tested. The main methods used are single weir irrigation, border irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation. Irrigation should meet the following quality requirements: ① the irrigation weir should be opened below the vertical line of crown projection, not too deep to avoid damaging the roots; ② Sufficient moisture: ③ After water permeates, the weir shall be sealed or ploughed in time, and the soil capillaries shall be cut off to prevent water evaporation. [3.2 Drainage
Too much water in the soil will lead to poor growth and even death of trees. Different tree species, different tree ages, different growth and different growth conditions will have different waterlogging tolerance. Commonly used drainage methods are: ① surface runoff: the surface slope is controlled at 0. 1 ~ 0.3%, leaving no potholes and dead corners; ② Open ditch drainage: suitable for grabbing and draining accumulated water after rainstorm; (3) Underground drainage: underground drainage pipes are used to connect with drainage ditches or municipal drainage, but the cost is high. Keeping the soil moist is the main condition for the survival of trees. After planting, in addition to watering the roots, it is necessary to replenish water in time according to the climate, especially in the season when the branches and leaves sprout and grow vigorously. After planting evergreen trees, we should often spray water on the branches and leaves during drought, but the water in the soil is always saturated and the ventilation is not good, which is not conducive to the growth and development of trees. Low-lying places will lead to water accumulation, so attention should be paid to digging drainage ditches to drain water in time. For areas with high requirements for large-scale greening, automatic sprinkler irrigation equipment or embedded water pipes can be set up in the greening area for regular watering.
3.3 Fertilization
After the trees survive and enter the normal growth state, weak fertilizer can be added. Fertilization should be carried out after days of no rain, dry soil and weeding.
3.4 Prevention and control of pests and diseases
There are two main methods: drug poisoning and biological control. In the process of pest control, it is necessary to master the occurrence law of pests and diseases, use comprehensive control, seize the favorable opportunity, and achieve the best results with the least manpower and drugs.
4 the organic combination of garden construction and maintenance
4. 1 Construction maintenance is the representation of design intent.
The process of landscape construction is the process of transforming the design intention of landscape designers into specific landscapes. Therefore, in the process of construction, if we want to achieve the expected effect after the completion of the project, we must deeply understand the designer's design intention and carry out the construction in strict accordance with the construction drawing, so as to make it a realistic garden work. An excellent garden work must be the result of close cooperation between design and construction. For example, in plant configuration, in order to achieve the ideal effect, landscape designers should personally guide from seedling selection to site construction. For the setting out and construction of natural landscape gardens, it is difficult to achieve the expected results without the on-site control of landscape designers. This is especially true for the construction site with complex terrain.
Similarly, garden conservation should fully embody the design concept. Garden design is the basis of creating garden landscape art, and it is an inevitable requirement to implement the design concept in protection and management to build successful garden works. Protection should fully promote the realization and continuation of the concept of garden design. For example, a completed garden landscape, with plant configuration and architectural sketches, plays a decisive role in the panorama. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the design concept in the maintenance work, and control the plant level and height by reasonable pruning, so as to embody and continue the designer's design intention. This requires designers to participate in maintenance operation and evaluation.
4.2 Garden maintenance should run through the whole construction process.
Take the greening project as an example to ensure the survival rate of planting trees and achieve the expected greening effect. In order to ensure the water balance of transplanted trees, it is necessary to reduce root damage and water loss in the crown, trim the crown, wrap the trunk with soaked straw rope when necessary, and take appropriate maintenance measures such as shading.
4.3 Garden construction and maintenance should arrange funds reasonably.
Garden construction and maintenance should formulate detailed plans for the use of funds, and fully integrate comprehensive budget management into every link of construction and maintenance. According to the arrangement of funds, we should grasp the construction and maintenance levels, reasonably select engineering materials, control the project cost, avoid changing the design at will during construction, avoid favoring one over another, and reduce the maintenance funds to affect the later maintenance effect.
5 conclusion
Urban landscaping project is a process of planting trees, flowers and plants according to the requirements of landscaping design, so as to make them survive and give full play to the greening effect as soon as possible. Planting and conservation are two important parts. The construction and maintenance management of landscaping project is a highly practical subject, planting is a short-term construction project, and maintenance management is a long-term and phased project.
In practical work, we should not only master the principles of landscape engineering, but also have the skills to guide on-site construction and maintenance. Only in this way can the scientific, technical and artistic nature of landscape engineering be organically combined, and economic, practical and beautiful landscape works can be built on the premise of ensuring the quality of the project.
References:
[1] Zhou Min, Ma. On some problems and technical difficulties in landscape construction management [J]. Sichuan Building Materials, 2006(3).
[2] Lu Yinshan, Zhu Lijuan and Prynne. How to carry out quality control management of greening projects [J]. Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, 2007(2).