? Literary works are writers' true reflection of society. "Art comes from life and is higher than life". At first glance, the protagonist in Metamorphosis turns into a beetle, giving people an unrealistic sense of false absurdity, but when you get to know it better, there will be a sound of * * *. Isn't this the external form of alienation under social pressure? "A salesman woke up and found himself a beetle. He tried his best to contact his relatives, but all ended in failure, and eventually he was abandoned by the world and died alone. " After being alienated by society, people become beetles or mice or tigers ... Kafka just presents this alienated human form to readers in an absurd image. By describing the fate of Gregory, a little man, he vividly reflects the various manifestations of human nature after alienation under social oppression, that is, the painful and sad living situation of the little man in society. After Greg became a beetle, the attitude changes of his parents and sisters, as well as Greg's inner activities, vividly showed us the eternal theme of human nature.
First, the spiritual pressure of modern society-alienation of interpersonal relationship
Marx thought: "The direct result of alienation between man and his own labor products, his own life activities and his own class nature is alienation between man and others. When man is against himself, he is also against others. " Kafka realized this and portrayed it in his works. Modern society is a network relationship composed of money and rights. Social rights belong to only a few people, and most people can only live in the gap between ideal and reality, which leads to human alienation. The relationship between people seems to be linked with some substantive purpose. After his father went bankrupt, in order to support his family, Gregor lived a tense and tired life every day before the mutation. In order to give his family a stable life, he can do a job he doesn't like very much against his will and work hard at night all year round. "Well, I'm really busy at work, and I travel every day! It's troublesome to go out to talk business. I was tired and upset during the trip. I can't eat on time. The food is rather bad. I have to always pay attention to when to reverse the car and deal with different people all day. I can't make friends with people at all. " In such a mechanized era, employees are regarded as machines and tools for capitalists to create value. The relationship between boss and employee can only be employment and employment, that's all. The superior can always put on a high horse to the employees, so people are like a thick barrier and can't make friends at all. The legal representative said, "I'm afraid illness is the only reasonable explanation. I hope he is not seriously ill. " I want to make it clear here that business people like us usually don't care about trivial issues. After all, business is the most important thing! Of course, others may hold different opinions. "In daily work, employees taking sick leave is just a performance for the boss to shirk their laziness. Gregory works very hard, but he can't win the trust of his boss. In the eyes of his boss or capitalist, asking for sick leave can only be an excuse for being lazy. Such a social situation will only alienate some people at the bottom, and it is inevitable that there will be bad feelings and estrangement in interpersonal relationships.
? After gregor's alienation, his family first discovered his state. In my opinion, blood is thicker than water between family members cannot be changed, and only family members are the strong backing in difficulties. But after reading Metamorphosis, the author ushered in another kind of deep thinking about the relationship between family members. Gregory was the only source of income in his family before he changed, and all his living expenses were met by his meager salary. In the eyes of his parents, he is a dutiful son, and in the eyes of his sister, he is an admirable brother. Grieg's family members are all wrapped in love, and his parents' concern and sister's admiration are all manifestations of his success. But since he was alienated, his family's attitude towards him has also changed a lot. After his family lost the expectation of returning to human form, gregor, who was alienated, gradually became disgusted with him. My sister only said to my father, "I can imagine that you two will be tortured to death by it sooner or later, so we must do everything possible to keep it away from this home." Our daily workload is heavy enough, and we will continue to suffer when we get home. Who can stand it? I can't stand it anyway. "The family has completely excluded gregor from family members, and their nature is gradually exposed in front of gregor. The family's dislike of Gregor has sublimated to the point of letting him die. Gregor was pushed to the edge of the cliff, and he completely chose to die. After his death, the family happily went for an outing by tram. Under the pressure of reality, the original warm family relationship chose the variation of self-realization and abandonment. The variation of interpersonal relationship is everywhere, and Kafka only shows it to the world in a realistic way. Money worship pervades the whole society. Grigor's parents and sisters have changed their attitudes towards him, and his family has become so cheap. This ending was achieved after Grigor completely turned into a beetle.
? Second, loneliness is the normal state of social people.
? You are not alone. Lonely individuals will be lonely even in busy cities, and even more abrupt in busy group life. Yu Dafu's sinking: "Although I sit in the middle of class, I always feel very lonely;" This kind of loneliness felt in the crowd is worse than the loneliness felt by a person in a deserted place. "On the contrary, individual loneliness in group life is the most deadly, but almost all modern people spend it in such a situation until their death. A man came into this world naked, lay naked on the fire after his death, and turned to ashes. Perhaps loneliness is the ultimate fate of modern people. Kafka is regarded as an alien by the Germans, Czechs and Czech-speaking Jews around him because of his Jewish identity. His sentimental character may be very beneficial to his literary creation. Kafka longed for marriage but was afraid that marriage would interfere with his creation. He is afraid of loneliness, but he is worried that marriage will break it. Such a psychology that he can't stop being lonely is the real situation of modern people. Gregory in Metamorphosis, when he becomes a beetle, he can understand other people's conversations, but others can't understand his insect language. What's even funnier is that everyone thinks Gregor can't understand their language. Others don't understand Gregor's real thoughts and can't realize his real needs. My sister brought gregor fresh bread and milk, but she really didn't know that gregor preferred to eat rotten and moldy food after becoming a worm. Every time my sister comes to the bedroom, Gregory hides under the narrow sofa. The narrow space made his body unable to move, but his sister didn't realize his discomfort. My sister opened Gregory's bedroom window to give him some air, but it made him feel worse. In order to facilitate Gregor's crawling, his mother and sister moved everything that hindered his normal activities, but unexpectedly, this made Gregor have nowhere to hide ... This series of communication obstacles vividly showed the plight that lonely individuals could not be understood by others, which is the living situation faced by modern people. Everyone is self-centered and can't feel the sincerity of others.
Third, lose yourself.
? Although literary works do not directly transform the society, they are media that help people to know, perceive and grasp the society, and play a role in alerting and guiding the society. A good work, when people are reading a work, is not just reading a book, but reading a story of human society, which leads to thinking about fate. [4] Kafka's works express the fear and pessimism of ordinary little people squeezed by the outside world through the inner feelings of animals. He put the hero in such a strange hypothetical situation and re-examined the real existence of human beings in three dimensions: society, others and self, thus revealing the profound theme of double alienation between man and the world. Kafka depicts the sorrow of the world in which people live with absurd stories, so that people in the absurd world have a real consciousness unconsciously. In this absurd world, people gradually lose themselves, lose their initial heart and let themselves be alienated under the suppression of society. Grieg's deformation reveals the tragedy of modern people's self-worth and personality loss. In order to work, Gregor did something he didn't like before he changed, and he was willing to put up with everything he didn't want. As a traveling salesman, Gregg works hard for his boss, just being pushed around. He lost himself in such a working environment. The root of all this stems from his father's bankruptcy. His father went bankrupt. In order to pay his debts, he had to work in the company of his creditor's family. He worked hard for the company, but he never won the trust of his boss. When I travel abroad all the year round and live in a dark and narrow hotel, I think all the efforts are worth it when I think that my family can talk and laugh at home at this time. But the man who cares so much about his family never thought that he would be spurned by his family after mutating into a beetle. Grigor's family lost themselves in money and broke up with their parents. The secretary of his company accused him of dereliction of duty, and the boss even suspected that he had embezzled the company's money. Grigor's boss put on airs, always sitting at his desk directing his employees, just like a tyrant in a feudal autocratic country. Grigor often wants to fly down from his high desk, but both inside and outside the dark tide are respectful gestures to his boss. In order to work, he can't tolerate his carelessness and report to work on time every day. Grieg seems to have become a capitalist's fast-moving machine and a pawn of capitalist wealth. He was squeezed by the company, but he couldn't resist. His father's debt became a bargaining chip for him to be enslaved by the company. Working silently for the boss is what he has been doing. As a labor force, he works hard. After Greg discovered his mutation, his first thought was to worry about his family's future life. He didn't consider his future life difficulties. Greg is thinking about his family, even after the mutation. In order not to scare his family in this way, he would rather hide under a narrow sofa. Even though his family called him a monster, he still thought about his family. He only existed to pay off debts, and in order to support his family, he lost his personality and gradually lost himself, which was the true expression of the spiritual world of modern western people at that time. Modern people's personality is gradually lost in the absurd world, losing humanity and becoming a pawn at the mercy of society.
? Looking back at the reality from Grigol, the protagonist in The Deformation Meter, it is human nature that deserves our deep consideration. In the complex world, human nature is full of unknowns, so we should understand human nature. As the saying goes, "there is no dutiful son after a long illness", when we encounter difficulties, we don't need to resent others' indifference. It is their right to choose whether to help you out and understand human nature. Therefore, in such a society, the first thing we can do is to love ourselves. Don't always define yourself as a nice guy in life, learn to handle things properly. Grieg's fate shows us the real human world, and the transformation from human nature to insect nature is a process in which people gradually move towards variation under the pressure of society. In today's society, "abnormality" of human nature is very common. To overcome alienation, we must strengthen ourselves and love ourselves, learn to be cautious and independent, and overcome loneliness. The significance of our hard life lies in achieving a better self.