Modern sports science is a new science gradually formed and developed with the development of modern society, the formation and progress of modern science and the development of sports. Organized sports science research began in the early 20th century. 19 12 years, Germany established the World 1 Sports Medicine Association; 1924, Japan established the national sports research institute; 1928, the International Federation of Sports Medicine was established; 1932, the Soviet union set up a research department in Moscow Institute of Physical Education, which later developed into Moscow Institute of Physical Education. The real development of sports scientific research in the world was after the Second World War. At the beginning of the 20th century, sports science research first started in Germany and Japan. After the Second World War, sports scientific research was really carried out worldwide. The establishment and development of its discipline has roughly experienced three stages: derivation, superposition and synthesis. For example, the application of physiology in sports research leads to sports physiology, and the application of statistics in sports leads to sports statistics. The emerging disciplines of sports science are constantly emerging, which fully conforms to the general trend of continuous differentiation and integration of contemporary science. China organized sports scientific research only after the founding of the People's Republic of China. From 65438 to 0954, Beijing Institute of Physical Education first set up a research department and began to train graduate students and carry out sports science research. From 65438 to 0958, the Institute of Sports Science of the State Sports Commission was established, and the Beijing Institute of Sports Medicine was established in the health system. Since then, Shanghai and Heilongjiang Sports Science Research Institutes have been established one after another, and Chengdu Institute of Physical Education has set up sports history research rooms, sports medicine research rooms and affiliated sports hospitals to study and treat sports injuries. By the end of 1979, there were 17 sports scientific research institutions in China. The physical education departments of China's physical education colleges and teachers' colleges are developing in the direction of being both the center of education and the center of scientific research.
The research of sports science in China is carried out under the unified planning and leadership of the State Sports Commission. 1956 1 National Sports Science Report was held in Beijing Institute of Physical Education. 1960 held the 1 national sports science conference, which discussed and formulated the guidelines, tasks and three-year development plan of sports science research. 1964 held the sports science working committee of the State Sports Commission, and held the 1 national sports science report meeting in the same year. 1977 held a national sports science and technology planning conference, drafted the national sports science and technology development plan from 1978 to 1985, and determined the main contents of the research. From 65438 to 0979, the second national sports science conference was held, and the future tasks, establishment and perfection of sports scientific research institutions were studied. 1980 held the second national sports science report meeting, and received 628 papers from all over the country, nearly double that of 1964. During the period of 1978, three sports representatives attended the National Science Conference, and the achievements of 12 won important scientific research project awards. 1980, organized by the State Sports Commission, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health 1500 scientific and technological workers and teachers participated in the major project "Research on the current situation, characteristics and some laws of the body shape, function and quality of Chinese teenagers and children". This is an important infrastructure for studying China's national physique. The research of basic theory can promote the development of sports science and improve the research of technology and methods. It is worth noting in this regard that:
Research on sports terminology
This is the logical starting point of sports science theory and the basis of academic discussion. Therefore, many countries attach great importance to this research. Therefore, the International Sports Terminology Association was established internationally, and sports terminology was published 1974.
Study the classification of sports science
The classification system of sports science is a reflection of people's understanding of the inherent laws of sports and a basic condition for the establishment and development of sports science system. This is a research topic that has been paid more and more attention internationally in recent years.
Discussion on some functions and structures of human body
This is to further tap the potential ability of human body and improve the level of sports technology. It can be seen from the papers reported at the World Sports Science Conference held during the two Olympic Games 1976 and 1980 that most of them are in this respect. Such as neuromuscular regulation and muscle fiber structure, biochemical and endocrine processes. 1980 at the scientific conference held during the 22nd Olympic Games, it was determined that the basic problems being studied in biological science are: the biological adaptability of human body to exercise load; Biological factors that determine and limit people's physique; Effects of physical activity on functional status and health status of people of different ages and sexes. Other aspects include: the most important social factors affecting the development of sports; Physical development characteristics of children restricted by genetic factors and external environment; Social and organizational problems of women's sports. Most of the papers published at the annual meeting of American Sports Medicine from 65438 to 0980 are basic theoretical topics, such as "Study on protein Regulation of Muscle", "Musculoskeletal Function of Human Body" and "Dynamics of Gas Exchange during Exercise". Focus on competitive sports
The technical level of sports is a reflection of a country's cultural and scientific level. Therefore, many countries put the focus of sports science research on competitive sports. Some people even think that training theories and methods are increasingly becoming the core of sports science. Superb sports technical level is the concentrated expression of people's physical quality, skills and intelligence, so the research on competitive sports has influenced and promoted the development of some disciplines, such as sports biomechanics and sports psychology. Many countries are studying such problems, such as the theory and methods of sports training, the basic objective laws of sports training and the embodiment of these laws in the activities of coaches and athletes.
Attach importance to comprehensive research
The main object of sports science research is very complicated people. Only by cooperating with different aspects of different disciplines can we understand its laws more deeply. Therefore, many countries attach great importance to multidisciplinary comprehensive research. Methodologically, first, experts from various disciplines form a comprehensive team; First, try to expand the knowledge field of researchers and conduct research from different disciplines. No matter which method is adopted, it is necessary to constantly improve the basic theoretical level of sports scientists and master the theory and technology of modern science as much as possible. Paying attention to the introduction of modern scientific and technological achievements and constantly improving the instruments and equipment for sports science research are also important reasons for the rapid development of sports science in the past 20 years. For example, technical film analyzer, three-dimensional dynamometer, high-speed synchronous stereo camera, multi-channel physiological recorder, automatic cardiopulmonary function analyzer and electronic computer for data processing and information storage and retrieval have been widely used in sports science research.
Attach importance to the research of intelligence data
The collection and research of newspapers and periodicals is an important link to grasp the international sports scientific research trends, absorb achievements, reduce duplication of work and improve scientific research efficiency, and is the outpost of the whole scientific research work. Therefore, many countries with developed sports have established information research institutions, and some countries have used computers to store, retrieve and process documents and data.
Attach importance to international sports academic exchanges.
With the rapid development of sports science, new ideas and disciplines are constantly emerging, and it is necessary to communicate with each other through academic exchanges to promote the further development of sports science. Every country attaches great importance to the international exchange of sports academics. To this end, many international sports academic organizations have been established. These organizations hold a 1 congress every two or four years and actively organize academic exchange activities. There are more and more sports academic organizations and activities in various countries, and academic exchanges between countries are also very frequent. The content of sports science system is very extensive. The basic disciplines in the three categories refer to the application of philosophy, mathematics, natural science and social science in the field of sports, such as sports morphology, sports physiology, sports biochemistry, sports biomechanics, sports medicine, sports psychology, sports philosophy, sports statistics and sports history. Sports philosophy takes the whole sports science as the research object, and studies philosophical issues such as outlook on life, scientific view and scientific methodology in sports. It is an important theoretical basis of sports science. There is also sports informatics, and sports is more scientific. The former is an auxiliary tool discipline that serves all disciplines in sports science, and the latter is a science that applies comparative methods to sports field. It surveys various social sports phenomena at home and abroad, explores the development law of sports history, thought, theory and practice, and looks forward to the present situation and development trend of world sports.
Sports technology discipline includes various sports events and corresponding theories. For example, the theory and practice of various sports, as well as the principles and methods of sports means, physical training, sports training and sports competition, all belong to this kind of existing disciplines. Kinematics and methods of measuring sports efficiency are the subjects established and developed in this category. Kinematics is a new discipline to study the generation and development of human motion. The measurement method of sports effectiveness is a subject that quantitatively analyzes the quality of sports, teaching or training.
Sports sociology refers to the study of sports social phenomena, which not only studies the relationship between sports and other aspects of society (such as the relationship with economic and social systems). ), but also study the social relations of sports internal activities. Among them, school physical education is a well-known subject. Sociology of sports is a discipline that studies the social attributes of sports, including the relationship between sports and society, the role of sports in society, and the social structure of sports. In sports sociology, some countries also have sports administration and sports management. Sports administration is a subject that studies how to give full play to the enthusiasm of the state, social organizations, grass-roots organizations and individuals in sports, so that sports can develop in an organized and planned way. Sports management is a subject that studies how to plan, organize, guide, supervise and adjust the sports work of the whole society in order to achieve the best social effect. In addition, there are studies on social sports of people with different occupations and different health levels, as well as special sports of patients and disabled people.
These three disciplines are interrelated. Basic disciplines provide theoretical basis for studying the specific laws and principles of other disciplines, and other disciplines accumulate materials for basic disciplines to explore universal laws. Various disciplines should develop in a coordinated way. The theoretical construction of basic disciplines, especially new disciplines, needs long-term, arduous and creative work, and needs support and help from all sides. The sports science system is different from the teaching system, and its actual content includes and surpasses the teaching system. The teaching system is also developing and changing. In the teaching of physical education departments, we should set out from the training objectives of different majors and establish their own systems according to the structure and content of the sports science system.
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