Liu Che was a brilliant feudal monarch and an outstanding politician in the history of China. BC 14 1 year, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he was only 16 years old. Until his death in 87 BC, he was emperor for 54 years, accounting for a quarter of the entire Western Han Dynasty.
During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the social economy of the Western Han Dynasty continued to develop on the basis of cultural and scenic rule, and its national strength became stronger and stronger, reaching its peak. Many policies and measures implemented by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty have great influence on the future development of history.
So, what are the main historical achievements of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty?
First, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty implemented some political systems to strengthen centralization, which consolidated the unity and development of the Western Han Dynasty.
When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty first ascended the throne, his grandmother Dou Taihou held the power. In 135 BC, Dou Taihou died, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to hold all power in his own hands to show his political ambitions. He first attacked Tian■, the prime minister of consorts, and then strengthened the position of the minister and Chinese book who was responsible for collecting and transmitting documents around him, making the prime minister a nominal position. Since then, Zhongshu and Shangshu have become the central institutions that give orders.
In order to strengthen centralization and thoroughly solve the problems of vassal States, he ordered the kings of vassal States not to pass on the fiefs only to the eldest son who succeeded to the throne, but also to set aside some of them for other sons, and they were not unified. As a result, the land of the vassal States is getting smaller and smaller, and their strength is getting weaker and weaker, so they can't compete with the central authorities. This is a clever move by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also strengthened the original supervision system and established a new system of selecting officials. He adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, ordered each county and township to honor one person's loyalty every year, and adopted the method of "writing a letter on the bus" so that officials and people could write a letter to the emperor and suggest state affairs. If the opinion meets the requirements of governing the country, it will be awarded an official position according to the author's specialty.
Second, in order to strengthen and consolidate his rule, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", which consolidated the unity and centralization of the country and had a long-term impact on later history.
Dong Zhongshu believes that the emperor manages the people according to God's will, and God has given him the power to rule the people, which can never be violated. This statement just catered to the wishes of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who regarded this thought as a tool for ruling ideology and maintaining the feudal system. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took the exam, he did not take other schools of thought, but only took the exam of Confucian scholars. Therefore, if you want to be an official, you have to accept Confucianism, and scholars have become Confucian scholars.
Third, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to crusade against the Huns, which made the regime of the Western Han Dynasty more consolidated and the country more unified, and created extremely favorable conditions for the economic and cultural development of the Western Han Dynasty.
From 133 BC to 1 19 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to carry out many large-scale battles with the Xiongnu, and finally won an all-round victory over the Xiongnu, which fully reflected his great talent and excellent military command ability. In the process of fighting against Xiongnu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also enriched the frontier defense and developed production through a large number of immigrants.
Fourthly, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions twice, which strengthened the economic and cultural exchanges between the Han Dynasty and the West.
In BC 138, Zhang Qian, a famous and great explorer in the history of China, was ordered by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to go to the Western Regions, with the purpose of uniting with the Dayue family to defend and attack the Xiongnu forces. In BC 1 19, Zhang Qian was ordered to go to the Western Regions for the second time. Subsequently, countries in Central Asia and the Western Regions often visited and traded in Chang 'an in the name of tribute. The personnel and trade exchanges between China and the countries in the Western Regions lasted for more than 1000 years, starting from the Western Han Dynasty, passing through the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and finally reaching the Tang Dynasty.
Fifth, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty opened up the southern and southwestern territories, which made the Yue ethnic group, the southwest ethnic groups and the Han nationality better integrated.
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty assigned the three tribes of the Yue nationality to the Han Dynasty, they moved to the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, South China Sea and other places, and lived together with the Han nationality for a long time, and gradually merged with each other, forming a "great unification" situation that has not been completed since the pre-Qin period. In the process of developing southwest China, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty spread iron tools and high Han culture to these areas, which more or less broke the occlusion of these areas and promoted the development of local economy and culture.
Sixth, vigorously build water conservancy and develop agricultural production.
During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Cao Canal, Bai Canal and Longshou Canal were built, and six auxiliary canals were opened next to Zheng Guoqu, which was opened in the Qin Dynasty, to irrigate highlands. In BC 109, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty recruited tens of thousands of soldiers to block the breach of the Yellow River. After this operation, there was no major flood in the lower reaches of the Yellow River for about 80 years.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also vigorously promoted reclamation and other major measures to develop agriculture. He also vigorously promoted the method of replacing cultivated land and new farm tools, which greatly promoted the development of agriculture.
In short, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he gave full play to his talents and pushed the Western Han Dynasty to its peak.