Keywords:: financing community banks development path
In recent years, China's banking industry has made great progress, but there are still many problems in China's banking system from the perspective of the development, reform and innovation of the international financial industry. Especially after 65438+February 1 in 2006, the competition in China banking industry will be more intense than ever. How to quickly shorten the gap between Chinese banks and enhance their competitiveness has become the focus of theoretical and banking circles. In this context, the voice of developing community banks is growing, and this paper will explore the path of developing community banks in China.
First, the practical significance of developing community banks in China
At present, there is no unified definition of community banks in academic circles. ICBA (American Association of Independent Community Bank) defines community banks as independent, locally owned and operated institutions with assets ranging from less than100000 to billions of dollars. Drawing lessons from the functions of foreign community banks and combining with the actual situation of China's financial development, this paper holds that the community banks established in China refer to county-level banking financial institutions with assets below 500 million yuan, which are independently established and operated according to the principle of marketization and provide convenient, fast, low-cost and personalized financial services for local residents or small and medium-sized enterprises. Under the current economic and financial situation, it is of great significance to develop community banks.
1, which is conducive to improving the loan difficulty of SMEs. In recent years, China's small and medium-sized enterprises have generally suffered from "shrinking" financing. Specifically, small and medium-sized enterprises are relatively short of collateral, and their financial statements are incomplete, so it is easy to conceal or even create distorted information, which leads big banks to be more cautious about their loans, because they cannot understand their operating ability, operating conditions and investment projects. Compared with commercial banks, community banks aim at serving the community. Compared with commercial banks, its assets are smaller, its organizational level is relatively simple, its information feedback cycle is shorter, and its business decision-making is more flexible. In addition, the operation of community banks is local, so they are more familiar with customers in this area and easy to establish long-term and stable business relations with customers. Therefore, according to the information superiority hypothesis, it is easier for community banks to solve the principal-agent problem in loans, understand the personal information with certain confidentiality such as customer income changes and expenditures, and reduce the moral hazard and the possibility of adverse selection caused by information asymmetry. Therefore, compared with large commercial banks, community banks have comparative advantages in serving small and medium-sized enterprises. For example, Taizhou Tailong Urban Credit Cooperative, as a quasi-community bank, has been focusing on private small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, striving to give full play to the advantages of geography, popularity and information. Since the establishment of 1993, Tailong has issued more than 35 billion yuan in loans, of which more than 90% have been invested in local private small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households. By the end of 2004, "Tailong" had 3,865 customers with loan balance, with an average loan of only 708,000 yuan, including 2,745 micro-credit households with loan amount below 500,000 yuan, with a total loan of 673 million yuan, accounting for 89.06% of the loan households and 24.6 1% of the loan balance respectively.
2. Improve the level of financial services and coordinate community development. Developing community banks can stimulate state-owned commercial banks to accelerate market-oriented reform, enhance their sense of competition and improve their service level and quality. At the same time, according to the "peer monitoring hypothesis", under the condition of asymmetric information between banks and customers, due to the typical regional characteristics of community banks, small and medium-sized enterprises in cooperative organizations will implement self-monitoring for the common interests of all people in the region, which is conducive to the establishment of good credit habits of small and medium-sized enterprises and the improvement of social credit status. In addition, community banks emphasize the integration of community culture, which is helpful to realize the independent interaction among government, market and society in community development and form a new situation of multi-party participation and joint management. Specifically, community residents and units can make use of their shareholders' or members' rights in community banks to participate in the collective decision-making on the construction of community service facilities, the setting of service items and the establishment of service contents through the capital investment projects of community banks, so as to realize the role of mass autonomy in community construction and management (Wang Xinxin, 2005). Therefore, through the credit-based product design of community banks and actual participation in community improvement and development activities, community credit construction can be promoted and community development can be coordinated.
3. It is conducive to optimizing the banking system structure and reducing systemic risks. According to the theory of industrial organization, CR4≤40% is low concentration, 40%≤CR4≤ 60% is medium concentration, and 60%≤CR4≤80% is high concentration. Cr4 >: 80% is highly concentrated. From the perspective of market concentration of assets, according to the data of relevant institutions, as of 2004, the market concentration (CR 15) of state-owned banks and joint-stock banks was 68.5%, of which the total assets of state-owned commercial banks in China reached 16932 1 100 million yuan, and the market concentration (CR4) was 54./kloc. The CR 15 and CR4 of liabilities are 68.4% and 53.4% respectively, that is to say, due to insufficient competition, China's banking market is still in an oligopoly state. Undoubtedly, this banking system structure is not conducive to the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises and the healthy development of the economy.
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