A, construction technology and construction safety
The continuous progress of construction technology is the constant theme of the sustainable development of engineering construction, and construction safety is the eternal theme of engineering construction. With the deepening of reform and opening up, economic construction has entered the fast lane and its own speed has been continuously improved. With the deepening of building a well-off society in an all-round way in China, the speed and scale of urbanization are constantly increasing. No matter in urban or rural areas, construction sites are row upon row, high-rise buildings have sprung up, and the old city has taken on a new look. People's pursuit of beauty, comfort and multi-function of modern architecture is constantly upgrading, and construction technology is also rapidly improving with the height of architecture. At the same time, it also brings many new problems, the most important of which is construction safety. Safety issues run through the whole process of engineering construction. From construction to use, safety is always related to the hearts of builders and users.
The development of construction technology represents the development level of domestic construction industry. The development direction of "reasonable economy and advanced technology" is the representative of whether a country's construction industry is developed or not. Ten new technologies in the construction industry introduced by the Ministry of Construction of China as early as 1990 have only been seen in many places and have not been fully applied in concrete construction. There are many reasons, the most important one is that there is a big gap between the local economic strength and the developed coastal cities in the south. There are no problems in the design of many places, and local designers can catch up with their counterparts in other parts of China. It is the economic aspect that restricts the development of local building technology and the ability to use new technologies, new materials and new products! There are many preconditions for improving construction technology, such as economic strength, quality of construction personnel, construction machinery level, construction site management ability and many other factors. I met such an example in the gymnasium project of a polytechnic university. There is no crane in this area that can lift the designed steel beam. It is not allowed to rent two large cranes from other places to install steel beams. The construction enterprise is also a famous steel structure company in the south, which invisibly increases the construction cost and completion time. More grams of "King of Abstracts-King of Zong Jie"
The factors affecting building safety are complex, besides the mutual interference and influence of many factors of the project itself, there are also technical problems, material quality problems and economic problems of the project. , all restrict the safety of buildings from different levels. Engineering safety is not only an engineering technical problem, but also a social and economic problem, which is closely related to people's lives and involves social and economic development and human social progress. Therefore, in every link of architectural engineering design and construction, while pursuing the economic and social benefits of the project, we must remember that safety is the eternal theme of engineering construction!
In terms of construction safety, the state and local governments are particularly strict. In addition to financial penalties, all relevant personnel such as the construction project department, the construction unit and the supervision unit who have personal injury or death accidents will be subject to administrative penalties, and the relevant units will also be punished by lowering the qualification level of the enterprise. However, there are still unpredictable "disasters", such as the death of crane drivers due to improper operation; A construction worker who was operating a blender was hit by a falling object and cracked his head during the hoisting process at the construction site, and died on the spot. These shocking examples once again show that "construction safety is more important than Mount Tai".
2. Construction quality and management
The relationship between construction quality and management is complementary, and they restrict and promote each other.
Only strict management can guarantee quality, and conversely, good quality must be accompanied by a strict management system. The Code for Quality Acceptance of Building Engineering (GB 50300-XX) specifies the quality of building engineering in detail, which is taken as the standard of construction quality evaluation by all construction units. The following is a brief analysis of common quality accidents in construction, and expounds the relationship between construction quality and management.
1. Bottom formwork support settlement
A. Cause analysis: During the construction process, poor management, no design before formwork support, no careful inspection of whether the support is stable after formwork support, no training for the operation technicians of the construction team, unfamiliarity with the construction methods and carelessness led to engineering accidents.
B. Measures to ensure quality: Before pouring concrete, the formwork support must be determined through careful design and calculation according to the specification requirements. Before construction, the foundation soil of the formwork shall be tamped and filled, the axis position of the support shall be put away, the gravel cushion shall be paved, and the cushion block shall be laid under the support.
2. Hydraulic die
In the process of pouring and vibrating, the formwork bulges, deviates, bursts or even collapses, resulting in die expansion.
A. [fs: page] Analysis reasons: the lateral support rigidity of the formwork is insufficient, the formwork is too thin and the strength is insufficient, and the clamping support is not firm; If the column hoop spacing in the column mould is too large, expansion will occur.
B. Quality assurance measures: After the formwork is in place, the technicians should check it in detail and correct the problems in time. Generally, the middle part of the beam is pulled through the crosspiece with iron wire, or the formwork on both sides is bolted; When pouring concrete, the formwork shall calculate the lateral pressure, check whether the hoop spacing meets the requirements, and timely add horizontal braces and scissors that meet the standards.
3. Steel processing and manufacturing errors
A. Cause analysis: the construction management is chaotic, there is no strict inspection system, and the operators go to the construction site without training; I don't know the grade of reinforcement, there is no ingredient list on the construction site, and the operator's sense of responsibility is not strong, which leads to the out-of-control and short blanking length.
B. Measures to ensure quality: A sound quality inspection system must be established in the construction site, and every working procedure should be inspected. The reinforcement ingredient list shall be made in strict accordance with the requirements of design drawings, and the reinforcement shall be straightened and derusted before being discharged. The steel bars of the same specification shall be uniformly listed, indicating the grade, model and diameter of the steel bars, and there shall be a special person responsible for transportation, stacking and hoisting. Technicians should carefully record the acceptance of concealed reinforcement works.
4. Leaked structural reinforcement
A. Cause analysis: the understanding of structural design is not comprehensive, and the role of structural reinforcement is not paid enough attention. In my opinion, most of them don't pay enough attention to the placement of structural steel bars, such as putting less or no "waist bars" in beams, bending steel bars under columns and so on.
B quality assurance measures: carefully check the installed steel bars, and repair the structural steel bars, especially the edges and corners of the cast-in-place slab, the load-bearing parts of the beam and the periphery of the reserved holes in the wall or slab. Effective measures should be taken to protect the position of structural reinforcement during construction, and it is not allowed to trample at will.
5. Improper concrete pouring will lead to defects in components.
This defect was only seen clearly after the mold was removed, and it was too late to remedy it. Due to the initial setting of concrete, there will be honeycomb, pits, unevenness, exposed tendons, holes and slag inclusion, which will affect the durability requirements of the structure.
Measures to ensure quality: Common treatment methods include local repair, grouting and reinforcement. Formulate a reasonable construction technical scheme, specify the operation requirements, and make technical disclosure to the operation team. Clear responsibility, implement demarcation and listing system, strengthen site management, pay attention to observe the situation of formwork after loading when pouring concrete, and solve problems in time when found.
It can be seen that the occurrence of quality accidents is caused by loopholes in management! Therefore, strengthening management can minimize the occurrence of quality problems.
Three. Construction supervision organization
Since 1988, China has started to implement the pilot project supervision system in the construction field, and it will be gradually implemented in five years. 1997 "Building Law of People's Republic of China (PRC)" stipulates that "the state promotes the construction project supervision system" in the form of legal system, thus making the construction project supervision enter the implementation stage nationwide. It is a major reform of China's engineering construction management system and has a far-reaching impact on China's engineering construction management. The important contents of construction project supervision are summarized as: "three controls, two controls and one coordination", which not only controls the investment, construction period and project quality of engineering construction; Carry out contract management and information management of engineering construction; Coordinate the relationship between related units.
Building products have the characteristics of great value and long service life, which are related to people's life and property safety and healthy living environment. Engineering supervision enterprises accept the entrustment of the construction unit, serve the construction unit, and supervise and manage the production process of construction projects from the perspective of product demanders. The management methods before, during and after the event are adopted to strictly supervise and inspect the quality of materials, equipment, components and components and the quality of sub-projects to ensure the engineering quality and safe use.
A more formal supervision enterprise has high personnel quality, sound enterprise management system and excellent corporate culture. Some personnel of these supervision companies are aging and have outdated knowledge, which can no longer adapt to today's supervision activities. There are also supervisors who neglect their duties. The advantage of the construction unit is that they do not seriously perform their supervision duties and do not serve the construction unit well. I believe that with the opening of the market and the perfection of the legal system, this phenomenon of non-standardization will be solved!
Four. Concluding remarks
There are still many gaps between China's construction industry and western developed countries, and only the construction workers in China can surpass them through continuous efforts. Of course, there are still many areas that need to be improved, and the way out should be built step by step.
Through architectural practice, I have a better understanding of the development level and present situation of architecture in China. Internship is a mirror, which can reflect the results of my study; The construction enterprise carrying out the construction is a mirror, which can reflect the strength of the enterprise; The local construction level is a [FS:PAGE] mirror, which can reflect the present situation of the construction industry development in China. The development of China's construction industry is a mirror, which can reflect China's position in the world construction industry! I am happy for the successful completion of the internship, and I am proud and proud to contribute to the development of China's construction industry in the future!