First, the common anomie problems in graduate dissertations
In recent years, there are anomie problems in every link from topic selection to writing, which seriously affects the quality of papers.
(A) common anomie problems in topic selection
The scope of the topic is too large and lacks pertinence. Determining the topic of the paper and drawing up a good topic are the first problems to be considered in writing the paper. Graduate students often fall into the misunderstanding that the research scope of topic selection is too large, involving a wide range and difficult to control. In graduate thesis, we can often see the phenomenon that a research topic contains multiple research questions, which leads to the vague and vague research on multiple problems.
It is difficult to write because of insufficient consideration of the feasibility of carrying out the research. Determining the research problem is the starting point of the formation of problem consciousness, which is very important for the design of the paper. Graduate students often encounter the problem of poor writing in thesis writing because they have not fully considered the feasibility of the topic before and have not accurately evaluated their research ability. Difficulties in data collection and lack of human and material resources or other material conditions will lead to the inability to carry out research work and the difficulty in writing.
The topic is out of date and has not found a unique perspective. The starting point of the topic selection is to observe a phenomenon from a novel and unique perspective, extract scientific propositions from the phenomenon, try to innovate on the basis of existing research, or put forward new ideas, or correct previous mistakes, or improve previous shortcomings, thus embodying the value of academic research. Graduate students often ignore the background of economic and social development and the characteristics of social phenomena, and it is difficult to grasp the key points of academic research, which leads to outdated topics and lack of innovation.
(B) title common anomie problem
The title of the paper is vague and vague, and the deep information is vague. Empty headlines directly indicate that the research questions expressed in the headlines are too broad, the research objects are not clear, and the deep information such as the core ideas or concepts of the paper is not expressed. Postgraduates lack problem consciousness, it is difficult to grasp the specific research problems and research objects in depth, and the literature reading work is not in place, which will lead to certain fantasies in the process of determining the research direction and topic selection.
The title does not match, and the content does not correspond well to the title. Inconsistency is a common anomie problem. The writing content deviates from the research object and scope covered by the topic, and the core keywords can not accurately summarize the main arguments and themes of the article. Whether the main content of the paper deviates from the proposed topic or the topic fails to accurately summarize the core content of the paper, it belongs to accuracy deviation.
Improper use of language and writing. The title is the eye of the paper, which is very important. The topic should be refined many times after the initial formulation, especially the expression of language and characters should be appropriate and standardized. Improper use of words often occurs in graduate thesis topics. The words used are too general and strong, and there are language errors, which are easy to cause ambiguity.
(C) common keyword anomie problem
Reveal incomplete information and omit important words. Keywords generally come from the division of topics and other words with key information in the original text. Postgraduate dissertations usually have some problems, such as random selection of key words, insufficient vocabulary of key information and omission of important points. Due to the limitation of the number of words, some core concepts and main methods in the original text cannot be fully reflected in the topic, and it is inevitable that the keywords extracted only by splitting the topic will be arbitrarily large and miss key information points.
Choose too many meaningless words. A common misunderstanding is that using universal words as keywords can not reveal the value information related to documents, and has no effect on explaining the main contents of documents and retrieval significance. Choosing too many meaningless words will weaken the retrieval function of keywords and reduce the accuracy of document retrieval.
The grasp of part of speech is not accurate. Academic papers generally have 3 ~ 8 keywords, and the part of speech is a noun, mainly a compound word or a technical term. Postgraduates often mistake verbs and adjectives for keywords, and choose too many or too few words, which leads to problems such as incomplete original information covered by keywords, lack of key information vocabulary, and increased difficulty in document retrieval.
(D) Introduction common anomie problem
Introduction is confused with abstract and literature review. Introduction plays an important role in summarizing the full text. Due to the lack of understanding of the specific connotation of introduction, abstract and literature review, graduate students often confuse the three and repeat their contents in the introduction writing. We should master the writing skills of introduction from the differences between introduction and abstract and literature review. The introduction is a comprehensive introduction to the research process, methods and achievements on the basis of expounding the research background. Its content is more detailed than the abstract, but not as detailed as the literature review.
The content of the discussion is not well connected and lacks logic. Because the logical relationship between research topics and literature achievements has not been clarified, coupled with weak writing ability and lack of writing skills, graduate students often show problems such as unreasonable language logic and poor content cohesion in thesis writing, especially in the introduction, existing research achievements are not properly connected with the topics to be studied, and there is no internal connection.
(E) Literature review common anomie problems
The scope of data collection is narrow, and representative documents are omitted.
Literature review is based on extensive reading of literature, and the quantity and quality of literature directly determine the quality of literature review. Narrow search scope, incomplete literature types, insufficient quantity, and few high-quality literature will lead to problems such as incomplete elaboration of research viewpoints. Postgraduates don't really master the method of literature retrieval, but only search directly with the theme as the key word, without paying attention to the key word or key word conversion, and they can't skillfully use logical symbols.
"No comment", simply list the materials.
Literature review is a combination of "narration", "evaluation" and "creation", and it is a research activity to review and summarize the literature. The most common anomie problem in literature review is to list the materials mechanically, pile up the main points of the literature unilaterally, and not comment on the main contents of the literature comprehensively. Researchers are often impetuous and eager to achieve success. Literature reading is superficial, only simple typesetting of words, lack of necessary thinking and induction, leading to literature review becoming a mere formality and meaningless. This form of viewpoint summary lacks a comprehensive understanding and examination of the article. A literature review with comments but no comments can only be called a formal literature review, and the "academic account" is not clear yet.
Lack of necessary logic and systematic literature review.
Postgraduates do not systematically classify and sort out a large number of original materials, so it is difficult to accurately grasp the internal relations of literature research in different stages, and they do not dig deep into the logical level behind the content and structural framework of literature, and confuse the research results in different research stages, types and levels, resulting in the lack of organization and internal relations in the content of literature review. This kind of literature review lacks the logical main line connecting the research results in different stages, and the level is unclear, and the research viewpoints are prone to faults. At the same time, the lack of systematicness in literature review may lead to the incomplete historical evolution of existing research, the omission of important research results and the disconnection between before and after viewpoints.
Language is widely used and there is nothing in it.
Only by expounding the existing literature research results in detail can we truly show the important role of literature review in sorting out the research results, combing the research process and exploring the origin of research. The literature review of graduate students uses vague words, and often uses words with wide range and vague content. For example, when expounding the academic value and shortcomings of research results, vague words such as "milestone" and "incompleteness" are often used, which do not express substantive content or touch on the deep academic value and shortcomings of existing research.
Second, the writing standard of graduate dissertations
(A) the topic of writing norms
Read more books, observe more, think more, and cultivate problem consciousness.
The topic selection comes from literature reading and observation of real life. To determine the topic, we must first have a certain sense of problems, be able to extract suitable research topics and carry out academic research based on practical problems. Researchers should be good at observing life and be diligent in thinking. The process of thinking is a process of upgrading objective phenomena into research problems and refining research directions, and it is also a process of cultivating one's own problem consciousness. Postgraduates should consciously explore and cultivate reading skills such as combining intensive reading with extensive reading, and at the same time improve their ability to effectively combine observed phenomena with their own knowledge structure, and gradually form a sense of problems.
According to the subjective and objective conditions of the study, comprehensive measurement and consideration are made.
The subjective and objective conditions of research should be fully considered when determining the topic. Subjectively, we should consider our own ability, knowledge reserve level, hobbies, skills and so on. On the objective level, it is necessary to comprehensively measure whether the research site is feasible, whether the human and material resources have supporting conditions and whether the data collection is complete. Writing a thesis is not a day's work. It needs enough time to collect relevant information extensively, fully understand the historical background and research status of the subject, measure the feasibility of implementing the research on the basis of one's actual ability, and comprehensively consider the practical value and theoretical significance of the research.
"Make a mountain out of a molehill" and "Make a mountain out of a molehill"
The topic of the paper should be "making a mountain out of a molehill", seeking a novel and unique perspective and conducting in-depth research on the research theme. The paper focuses on "seeing the big from the small", taking a certain breakthrough point as the breakthrough point, deeply analyzing the causes and essence of the problem, and showing the big social phenomenon with a small problem. It involves a small range of topics, so it is convenient to focus on one or several issues and grasp them thoroughly.
(B) the title of the writing norms
The title should be clear, highly generalized, accurate and express the core of the paper in a standardized way. The connotation elements of the title mainly include the research scope, research object, main viewpoints and research theme. The title should be concise and clear, and the connotation elements should be displayed in the title. The topic selection of a standardized paper should take the research object or core topic as the theme, the title length should generally not exceed 20 words, the research discipline, methods and perspectives should be clearly expressed, and the language expression should be concise. Using the extracted core keywords in the title of the paper can reflect the main content of the paper.
The drafting of the topic of the paper needs to be "both internal and external": internally, we should combine the theme framework and keywords of the article, be good at using divergent thinking, motivate ourselves to brainstorm, accumulate information in daily study, think deeply and scrutinize repeatedly; We should actively communicate with the outside world, listen to other people's opinions, learn from excellent scholars and get inspiration from them.
(C) the writing norms of keywords
It is one of the ways for readers to get the information of the article, the basis for readers to consult the literature, and the criterion for other researchers to choose whether to read the literature. Therefore, to choose professional words as keywords, the specific methods are: (1) refining the core words in the title; Choose the appropriate words from the abstract; Select keywords from the original text. Attention should be paid to summarizing and refining the key professional words in the title, abstract and text, and selecting keywords from them can enhance the retrieval function and reference function of keywords.
To control the quantity, we should pay attention to the hierarchy. One of the functions of keywords is to reflect the theme of the paper and to refine the original content. Generally, you can choose three to five compound words or professional vocabulary with retrieval significance. When selecting keywords, we should pay attention to the principle of step by step, arrange them in a certain order, reflect the hierarchical relationship and internal correlation between keywords, and show the main idea of the full text in an orderly and clear way.
(D) Introduction writing standards
The introduction is to explain the theme of the paper and show the central content of the paper. The introduction should be hierarchical. The introduction part includes the research background or purpose, research methods, research results and conclusions, status, role, significance, research starting point, combing the existing research results and so on. The contents of each part should be consistent with each other, and the expression should highlight the key points. According to a logical main line, combing the existing research results, finding the breakthrough point of the research, locking the research theme, expounding the research ideas and methods in detail, and clarifying the innovation and research value of the research.
Clarify the orientation of introduction and objectively define the research value. Introduction is different from abstract and literature review. It is located at the beginning of the text of the article, and its function is to explain the ins and outs of the research as a whole. Through the summary of the paper, the next sub-description is drawn, which has the function of summarizing the full text. Summarize the existing literature comprehensively, and pay attention to sorting out the research results, research ideas and methods, and reasonably define the value of your own research topic.
(E) Writing norms of literature review
The types of documents are comprehensive, focusing on quantity and quality.
Researchers should try to refer to periodicals, classic works, policy documents and other types when searching for documents, and choose English documents appropriately to avoid omitting important documents. In particular, the abstracts of social science research papers should be good at using the data published on the official websites of the state and local governments to provide data support for paper research. The reading volume of master's degree thesis is generally 100 ~ 150, mainly articles in authoritative journals of related disciplines, as well as searching for classic documents related to research topics and works of famous scholars in this field.
Organize the literature according to a certain logical main line system
Literature review is a review of existing research results, aiming to understand the research process and sort out the internal relationship between different research documents. Instead of writing a literature review of "theme weaving" with the theme of the paper as the main line, it takes the research problem as the main line, connects different documents, reveals the logical relationship between different documents, and expounds a research problem from different angles. This is the "problem-oriented" literature review. We can take the research object, research question, research hypothesis and research subject as logical clues to comprehensively explain what research has been done in the literature of this research topic, how much research has been done and what aspects need to be investigated.
Combine "synthesis" with "review" to avoid "running account" summary
Literature review is a combination of "synthesis" and "review". The researchers systematically expound the views of relevant documents and express their views in a certain logical context. In literature review, it is necessary to distinguish the author's viewpoint from his own, comprehensively summarize the author's viewpoint and evaluate the author's viewpoint. The research viewpoints in the literature are the object of graduate students' discussion, and also the basis for demonstrating some of their own viewpoints. Therefore, on the basis of comprehensively expounding the viewpoints of the article, it is essential to evaluate the literary viewpoints. In addition, not all literature research has a strict logical system and scientific conclusions, so we can criticize in literature review and take the shortcomings of existing research as the starting point of innovative research. On the basis of fully understanding the literature, graduate students must summarize the original text in their own language, including the induction of the views of the article, as well as their own comments on the views of the article and criticism of the lack of research.
Language expression is well-founded and meaningful.
Thesis writing emphasizes rationality and evidence, and rigor is one of the basic characteristics of academic papers. The language expression of literature review should be more precise and rigorous to avoid vague words. For example, when an academic research topic is of great significance in theory, it is necessary to demonstrate in which aspects the research has important theoretical significance and whether it has specific significance in practice. In literature review, objective data can also be used to show research results or specific progress of research. With the support of data, we can judge the degree of existing research and draw conclusions, which can make up for the lack of vague language and lack of basis in literature review.
Third, the conclusion
Generally speaking, the common anomie problems in graduate thesis writing are mainly manifested in the following aspects: the scope of topic selection is too large, the feasibility is insufficient, the topic selection is outdated, and the evaluation of one's research ability is insufficient; The title is empty, the title does not match, and the words are inappropriate; The Chinese language is verbose, the article titles or arguments are piled up, the content discussion structure is incomplete, and there is a lack of relevance. Omitting key words, choosing meaningless words, and not accurately grasping quantity and part of speech; The content in the introduction is chaotic, which exaggerates its own research value and the content is not well connected; Literature review requires narrow data collection, simple list of materials, lack of logic and vague language. Graduate students must attach importance to it ideologically. According to our own situation, in addition to strengthening the study of professional theoretical knowledge and extensive reading, we must also strengthen the study of thesis writing knowledge, improve the ability of thesis writing, and finally write high-quality dissertations.