With the continuous development of China's economy and society, the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause has more clearly developed from the trinity of socialist economic construction, political construction and cultural construction to the quaternity of socialist economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction. To reflect the fairness and justice of a harmonious socialist society. This requires that in the process of adjusting the interest pattern, the state must pay more attention to the vulnerable groups and increase the development of human resources for the vulnerable groups. What is the basic situation of the vulnerable groups in 1?
1. 1 Too old and low in education?
In recent years, the economy of state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises is depressed, and the number of college graduates assigned to second-class enterprises is relatively reduced, or even zero. The age of employees in state-owned and collective enterprises is most concentrated between 4 1-59 years old, and the education level below high school accounts for the vast majority. ?
1.2 Strong desire for employment and realistic concept of choosing a job?
4 1-59 laid-off workers, most of them are at school, and some of them are supporting the elderly. Their economic life is worrying. Considering the family burden, their desire for employment is relatively strong, and their concept of choosing a job has also changed greatly. Whether the job is suitable for their own development, the level of salary and income is the main factor they consider when choosing a job; In addition, the distance from home is also their concern, which shows that being able to find a job and take care of the family is their new concept of choosing a job. ?
1.3 Low re-employment level and meager income?
Laid-off workers can be re-employed through personal efforts and the support of organizations at all levels, but their employment channels are mainly concentrated in public welfare posts and social service industries with relatively low technical content, and their income is meager, especially for women, and their social status and family status are declining. ?
1.4 Life is difficult and family conflicts are increasing?
At present, most families, wives and husbands also bear the heavy responsibility of supporting their families. At present, the main sources of livelihood of unemployed families are: first, relying on the wages of spouses or children; The second is to work or do small business by yourself; Third, it is funded by parents, relatives and friends; The fourth is to rely on government funding. Due to the difficulties of life, family conflicts have intensified, thus causing social instability. ?
2. What are the main problems in the human resources of laid-off workers in cities?
2. 1 Low level of human capital and lack of market competitiveness?
The so-called "human capital" refers to the material capital embodied in the workers, the quantity and quality of the workers, and the human body, knowledge, skills, qualifications, experience and proficiency. That is to show people's ability and quality. People's ability and quality are obtained through human investment. With the rapid development of science and technology today, whether a worker is competitive in the job market depends fundamentally on the level of human capital he has. Although the total labor resources of laid-off workers in cities and towns in China are abundant, their per capita human capital is not high from the perspective of human capital. On the one hand, they have low academic qualifications and weak awareness of autonomous learning, and they simply don't agree with the investment in education; On the other hand, their technical content is low, and the accumulated human capital in the past is far from the trend of modernization. With the development of economy, it is difficult for laid-off workers to find a place in emerging industries. ?
2.2 The total amount of human resources is too large and employment opportunities are tight?
Too small a total amount of human resources will lead to a small consumer market, and too large a total amount will lead to tight employment opportunities. Observing the labor market, we can easily find that the unemployed in their forties, especially women, are almost all employed as domestic servants and community cleaners. Unemployed people in cities are different from migrant workers, and they are often unwilling to accept such jobs with low pay, low social status and no development prospects and room for progress. In addition, there is fierce competition between them for the limited fields and jobs provided by society. 3 Gender discrimination in human resources still exists?
With the shortage of long-term jobs in China, women's social talents are even less valued by society. A large number of laid-off women workers face many unfair treatments in the field of employment: first, employers are unwilling to hire female labor, and most positions are stipulated as men; Second, the equal pay for equal work is different, and the wage level is generally lower than that of male labor; Third, the post level is low and the development space is small. The existence of gender discrimination in human resources makes urban unemployed laid-off women unable to grasp employment opportunities equally with men, and increasingly become a vulnerable group in labor and employment. ?
4 The human resources employment security system needs to be further improved?
Unemployed laid-off workers are employed in emerging enterprises, and the social security system of emerging enterprises is not as sound as that of state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises, and there is no insurance such as pension, work injury and medical care, which makes laid-off workers lack social security, which is another important factor in the difficulty of re-employment. ?
5. Develop human resources for the unemployed?
Laid-off workers occupy a considerable proportion in China's human resources, and fully developing this part of human resources is the requirement of social and economic development and the embodiment of social equity. As the defender of social justice, the government should take effective measures to develop human resources for this vulnerable group. The following are my suggestions on how to develop:
5. 1 Market-oriented training for vulnerable groups?
The government should gradually establish and improve the continuing re-education of the unemployed in cities and towns, increase investment, and make their knowledge and skills keep pace with economic development. At the same time, according to the actual needs of society, targeted and focused training for laid-off workers. Provide employment guidance and vocational training for laid-off workers of different ages, educational background and employment experience. On the one hand, we should help those who have the age advantage and the potential to learn technology to improve their skills, so as to improve their employment level. On the other hand, on the premise of promoting the ordinary employment of older laid-off workers, we should strengthen the technical content of domestic service training and carry out high-quality training around special care, special dishes, financial management, parenting and so on. In addition, for laid-off workers with entrepreneurial aspirations, the government should increase technical support to help them get on the horse and give them a ride, so as to stimulate the entrepreneurial enthusiasm of minority vulnerable groups. ?
5.2 Develop and improve the market employment mechanism?
In order to give full play to the role of the market in the allocation of labor resources, the government should first standardize and improve the intermediary service system and strengthen the vocational guidance and employment training for the unemployed. Secondly, strengthen the supervision of employers, give guidance and supervision to their recruitment and employment, give full play to the role of labor supervision and labor arbitration, and stop gender discrimination in recruitment and employment; Thirdly, we should pay special attention to strengthening the domestic service market with relatively complicated employment situation and creating an equal employment social environment for the unemployed. ?
5.3 intensify the research and implementation of preferential policies for re-employment?
The government pays attention to giving full play to the advantage of low labor price in China, and fully considers introducing a series of preferential policies through policies to solve the re-employment problem of laid-off and unemployed people. China's tax law retains the content of policy relief, which makes it possible for the government to use tax policies to promote the employment of laid-off workers. In order to implement the government's preferential policies and make them play a real role, we should start from the following aspects: ① Do a good job in propaganda, unemployed people should learn to use relevant policies, enjoy their legitimate rights and interests in employment, and form a good atmosphere of conscious implementation and maintenance; (2) do a good job in coordinating the implementation of preferential policies for re-employment by various departments. Such as taxation, industry and commerce, labor and many other departments should establish an effective cooperative operation mechanism; (3) Strengthen supervision, establish a joint inspection team composed of labor, taxation, industry and commerce and a leading group composed of relevant leaders to ensure the implementation of the re-employment policy.