This happened in the week of 2011165438+10 and 65438+early February. If there is a question with "how to evaluate", it is mostly a comment.
On June 20 14, Jiang Bensheng died at 5438+00.
=======================
"You are as beautiful as an angel. I really hate to throw you away! " "You're disgusting, dare to stay in my house. I will teach you a lesson! " Before going to school every day, Ma Hao, a fourth-grade student, always takes out two bottles of rice from the refrigerator, one full of praise and the other full of well-meaning. There is also a bottle of rice lying quietly in the refrigerator, which has never been ignored.
It turns out that this is a "rice experiment" popular among the third and fourth grade students in Huacheng Primary School in Tianhe District recently. This experiment is due to the scientific documentary "Water Know the Answer" broadcast by the school early last month. In order to personally verify whether people's behavior can have such a great impact on things, rice experiments have been popularized among third and fourth grade students, and children can participate voluntarily.
According to the famous experiment of three bowls of rice, different attitudes towards rice will lead to different results. Those who speak well will ferment and emit fragrance; Scold hard will turn black and stink; Neglect is even worse, even dirty water will flow out.
What will be the final result of Xiao Mahao's three bowls of rice experiment?
=========
=============
A miracle that happened a month later
A month later, a miracle happened. The praised rice is still white, only a little yellow, and the rice that has been strongly scolded becomes black and smelly. "As soon as Dad opened the refrigerator, he kept cursing' smelly'."
The neglected rice, which should have become more smelly, turned yellow in Xiao Xiaohao's hands. "Maybe the Zhang Xiaomao carpet worked." Ma Xiao Haotian really guessed.
Xiao Xiaohao has also changed after this experiment.
"Now angry also dare not literally call names. I used to play computer games with my brother, but I always scolded my brother for bullying myself. I dare not now, for fear that my brother's heart will become as black as that bowl of rice. " Teacher Wen, the head teacher of Class 3 (2), said that he had seen the rice experiment a year ago. At that time, he was not sure about the authenticity of the experiment, but he inspired himself to educate children to discover their advantages and praise them more. "Students who have a bad temper will be angry and will not attend classes, so they will have patience. Try to explore his advantages and use praise instead of scolding. "
============================
How to do the rice experiment? A letter to Ma Hao.
20 1 1- 12-0 1?
The "rice experiment" conducted by Ma Hao, a fourth-grade primary school student, was reported by the media and caused a heated discussion. Although this "rice experiment" is due to the famous pseudoscience book "Water Know the Answer", it is not inoperable. Golden Grape and Ma Hao discussed this matter, from which we can learn what a standardized scientific experiment should do.
Ma Hao:
Hello.
It was interesting to see your "three bowls of rice" experiment in Southern Metropolis Daily. Unexpectedly, in the fourth grade of primary school, you have already started to do scientific experiments. When you hear an idea, you can verify it yourself and publish the experimental results through the newspaper. This completes several basic links of a scientific research.
The first is to make assumptions. We will encounter many problems in our life, and we will sum up some rules by ourselves according to our experience. In scientific research, we should sum up the observed phenomena into certain laws, and then put forward a hypothesis that can be proved right or wrong. You have done a good job in this step: you have simplified such a big topic as "the influence of people's behavior on things" to a simple assumption: "Can people's emotional language affect the corruption process of rice?" This hypothesis can be proved or falsified by experiments.
The second step is to design the experiment. Whether your experimental design praises or curses rice, observe the process and degree of rice corruption. This is also a good design. Its advantage is that the experiment is simple and easy. For a fourth-grade pupil, you have the ability to carry out this experiment. Another advantage is that the results of this experiment are easy to observe qualitatively. Judging from your experimental results, after about a month's experiment, rice has three obviously different endings: white, yellow, black and smelly. These three phenomena are clearly visible, avoiding many complicated measurements.
Step three, you carry out experiments and observe carefully. I don't know if you have any experimental records. For scientific experiments, it is necessary to have a special record book to record experimental phenomena.
The fourth step is to publish your experimental results through Southern Metropolis Daily, so that everyone can see your experimental methods and results and accept peer comments. Many newspapers have quoted your experiments. It seems that you have basically completed a basic process of scientific research.
However, you are not good enough in some aspects. Let me talk about my views for your reference and hope to inspire you.
Control of experimental conditions
In scientific research, we should be very careful to control the factors that may affect the results. For example, in the shot put competition, the color of the shot put will not affect your performance, but the weight, wind direction and wind speed of the shot put will affect your performance. There is also an influential factor that is often overlooked, but its role cannot be underestimated: referees and reporters. If the referee is strict, then you may stay away from the pitching line to avoid foul.
In order to find out the relationship between various influencing factors that may affect the results, we will try our best to put all influencing factors under strict control when studying. In order to test the influence of one factor on the result, we need to keep the other factors unchanged. If an influencing factor is really difficult to control, it needs to be randomized for many times to make the effect of this influencing factor not obvious.
Analysis and treatment of influencing factors
For the process of rice corruption, through consulting literature, combining common sense and the hypothesis of this experiment, the possible influencing factors include: ① people's attitude towards rice; ② the quantity of rice; ③ Bacteria species on rice; ④ The number of bacteria on rice; ⑤ Cooked degree of rice; 6. Keep the temperature of the environment; ⑦ Keep the humidity of the environment; 8 varieties of rice; Pet-name ruby container for storing rice. Even the way rice is stacked in the container will have an impact on the results.
Some of them are relatively easy to control, such as the amount of rice and the degree of raw and cooked rice. You need to weigh the same amount of rice with a scale or a balance, add the same amount of water, and cook with the same type of rice cooker; In the later published scientific research literature, the model of rice cooker should also be included in the paper. The preservation environment can also be controlled by the refrigerator.
Others are relatively difficult to control, such as the species and quantity of bacteria on rice, which are difficult to control or may be key factors. Judging from the photos of the experimental process you released, you are talking directly to the rice-when people talk, there will be many droplets, and there will be a certain number of bacteria in the droplets. These bacteria will be sprayed directly on the surface of the experimental object (rice). In daily experiments, you not only exert emotional language influence on the subjects, but also bring the bacteria in the droplets with the language. This makes it difficult to determine whether the reason for the experimental results is the number of droplets or emotional language.
The control of bacteria in the experiment is actually a science called "aseptic technology". In the past, surgeons did not brush their hands, gloves and masks. During the operation, they sprayed bacteria on the patient's wound, which led to wound infection and suppuration. It was not until 1864 that Hungarian doctor Semmelweis suggested washing hands with disinfectant before operation, and it began to be solved step by step.
The following methods can be used to control the bacterial species on rice. After the rice is steamed, it should be sealed in the same cooked container, so that external bacteria will not enter the rice. However, this may keep rice from deteriorating for a long time or deteriorate very slowly. In order to speed up the deterioration process, the same mold can be inoculated on the surface of rice in the inoculation box, and then the rice can be sealed with certain materials (such as plastic wrap). There are strict requirements in the operation process, and the assistance of the biology teacher is needed.
It is also necessary to control the factors to be studied in the experiment-human language with emotions. Let's just say that China's rice can be influenced by Chinese pronunciation. In future experiments, I am looking forward to seeing the test results of other languages. You may need to praise and curse rice with the same strength. Personally, I suggest you use the simplest "you are so kind" and "you are so bad".
Eliminate the interference of human factors
In scientific research, in order to prevent yourself and others from influencing the experimental results intentionally or unintentionally, we should also use the "double blind" method. In the experiment, observers or experimenters should not know the grouping details of the experiment. In your rice experiment, you can't be both an experimenter (talking to rice) and an observer (recording the changes of rice), because as an experimenter, you know your feelings, and the observer can't know which bowl of rice has been treated in what way. To do this, you need the help of your brother and parents.
The "flowers", "pig's head" and "blank" you drew on the plastic bottle need to be covered with tape. Then ask parents to mark another part of the plastic bottle with A, B and C, and cover the surface with adhesive tape. Only your parents know the corresponding order, and they can't tell you or your brother. In the experiment, you open your own tape, say words of praise or curse according to the picture marks, and then put on the tape. During the observation, my brother opened his own tape and recorded the degree of corruption of rice in bottles A, B and C. The purpose of the tape was to create a "double blind" so that the experimenter and the observer could be separated without knowing each other's grouping details. Only at the end of the experiment can the tape be removed to see the results.
Experimental grouping
When designing scientific experiments, there are usually several groups of subjects, which are divided into experimental group and control group (if the control group is subdivided, there can be positive control, negative control and blank control, etc.). ) In the experiment, you divided the experimental object-rice into three groups: praise group, curse group and neglect group. The "praise group" and "curse group" seem to be experimental groups, while the "neglect group", I think you want to be the control group. As for the influence of language "emotion", I think we should also add a group of languages without emotion. You can choose some sentences without obvious emotions to influence this group, such as counting.
Repeat the experiment to verify the results.
Finally, you not only need to do this experiment yourself, but also need to let other students do this experiment in the same way. Repeat the experiment many times to eliminate the influence of some uncontrollable factors, such as the strength of your voice.
To sum up, Mr. Ma Hao, you have a certain willingness and ability in scientific research, but you need more study and training on many issues related to experimental design. I hope you can keep this curiosity and increase your knowledge and skills. This paper only selects some common problems in scientific research to discuss with you. In practical research, you will encounter many problems, such as how to analyze the data and how to set the scoring standard. You should consult predecessors' literature and consult experts in related fields.
/article/60265/？ Jiang Bensheng has passed away.