Generally speaking, the difference between the results of paper search and HowNet search may be about 5% to 30%. Specifically, if an article has a large number of references, uses a complex format, the typesetting method is not standardized, and there are notes or footnotes in the paper, you may get a higher repetition rate in the paper search, but you may get a lower repetition rate in the HowNet search.
In addition, due to the different databases of paper duplicate checking and HowNet duplicate checking, the results may be different. For example, if a paper is not included in HowNet, but is included in the paper search, the result of the paper search may be higher than that of HowNet. On the contrary, if a paper is included in HowNet, but not included in paper search, the result of paper search may be higher than that of paper search.
It should be noted that paper duplication checking and HowNet duplication checking are only tools to detect the similarity of papers, and cannot fully represent the quality and level of papers. Therefore, when writing a paper, we should also pay attention to the innovation, logic and academic norms of the paper. At the same time, it can also be detected on multiple platforms in order to better control the repetition rate of papers.