First of all, it is the process of western learning spreading to the east, and it is also the process of cultural changes in China.
The first stage is the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. At that time, the ruling class had a lot of feudal conservative thoughts, but there were also some cases like Xu Guangqi who took the initiative to learn. At the same time, western missionaries play a huge auxiliary role in the cultural exchanges between the East and the West. After the Opium War, it entered the second stage. With China's opening up again and again, more and more China intellectuals began to accept cultural exchanges between China and the West, although conservatives still think it is a strange skill. However, the Westernization Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898 and the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty showed that the dynasty government increasingly recognized the cultural exchanges between China and the West. It is also forced by the situation.
Influence: China is a passive party in this cultural exchange. Although the pioneers of some times hoped to get rid of their own backwardness by learning western culture, it should be said that they did not succeed because of the limitations of social productivity and their own understanding. However, this cultural exchange itself provides intellectual support and social foundation for the next stage of social development.
Christian church education in Ming and Qing dynasties and Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao society, Westernization Movement, Reform Movement of 1898, New Deal in late Qing Dynasty.
The works of some important intellectuals can be interpreted or confirmed from a certain aspect, such as Feng Guifen.
The above information comes from Hangzhou Library, and I hope it will be helpful to your research.