On College Students' Career Guidance (I)
The state and government attach great importance to the increasing employment pressure year by year and have taken a series of measures. However, the problem of difficult employment for college students is still an objective reality that cannot be ignored. How to better carry out vocational guidance in colleges and universities and improve the employment competitiveness of college students is becoming the focus of current college students' work.
Keywords: employment pressure, career guidance
First, the current situation and existing problems of vocational guidance.
1. Vocational guidance is a term that has only appeared in recent years. Although there is only one word difference between vocational guidance and employment guidance, their connotations are quite different. The so-called vocational guidance, the author thinks, is based on the national employment policy and social employment situation; According to students' physical and mental characteristics and majors, help students choose the way of further study or employment; Guide students to adjust their employment expectations according to the actual needs of society, and strive to improve the ability and quality of the educational process that adapts to social development.
With the rapid development of China's higher education and the influence of economic marketization, the employment problem of college students has undergone new changes. Some colleges and universities have begun to gradually shift their focus to career guidance and counseling, and strive to guide students to consciously improve their comprehensive quality, rather than simply staying in the counseling of resume making and interview skills. The Vocational Education Law clearly stipulates that to implement vocational education, we must implement the national education policy, educate the educated in ideological and political education and professional ethics, impart professional knowledge, cultivate professional skills, carry out vocational guidance and employment pressure, and comprehensively improve the quality of the educated. ?
2. The educational output of colleges and universities is asymmetric with the social demand.
(1) Some major settings are incompatible with the rapidly changing market demand. The survey found that after the adjustment of industrial structure, the demand of employers for all kinds of professional technicians and managers increased rapidly, but the training of schools could not keep up with the pace of demand, resulting in a situation that the demand for popular majors was in short supply.
(2) The talent structure is seriously unbalanced, and the contradiction between supply and demand is increasing. On the one hand, employers can't recruit needed talents, on the other hand, college students are saturated with professional needs and can't find jobs after graduation.
(3) The curriculum is outdated and does not meet the needs of society. In the communication with employers, 70% of enterprises reported that fresh graduates had few opportunities for professional counterparts when applying for jobs, and they were able to engage in professional-related work in time, but their knowledge could not be translated into practical application; At the same time, students think that the knowledge they have learned in school is far from the market demand, and the knowledge is outdated and cannot be transformed into practical ability at work.
3. Insufficient specialization of vocational guidance personnel. Nowadays, the concept of vocational guidance has been widely recognized by people, but there are few full-time vocational guidance personnel in colleges and universities, mostly counselors or teachers, lacking professional theoretical knowledge and practical experience, and the turnover of personnel is large, and even fewer people have been engaged in vocational guidance for more than ten years. Vocational guidance is a job that needs to accumulate experience in practical work. The growth of vocational guidance teachers not only needs to learn theoretical knowledge, but also needs to be exercised in practice. If the composition of the employment guidance team in colleges and universities is mainly composed of employment guidance teachers in the initial or growth stage for a long time, it is likely that the employment guidance work in colleges and universities will be at the same level for a long time and cannot be qualitatively improved.
Second, some thoughts on promoting vocational guidance in colleges and universities
1. Construct a reasonable career guidance system
(1) Establish a leadership system for career guidance in colleges and universities. The strength and effectiveness of school vocational guidance depends on the attitude of school leaders, which not only has strong symbolic significance, but also solves the problem of execution ideologically and institutionally. At present, many colleges and universities have set up employment leading groups, which are composed of leaders in charge of the school and party branch secretaries of various colleges. The implementation of the "No.1 Project" has greatly promoted the full attention from school leaders to every faculty member to the employment pressure and enhanced the execution of employment work. Vocational guidance should fully draw lessons from the existing scientific experience, establish a high-level leadership system and promote the smooth development of vocational guidance. The party and government leaders in the school should personally grasp and mobilize all the forces within the school. Vocational guidance institutions should integrate the three functions of management, guidance and service, pay more attention to and strengthen the service function, and combine service and guidance in management.
(2) Construct a reasonable career guidance system. In the vocational guidance system, it should be carried out at different levels: the first level should be a leading group composed of school leading bodies; The second level is the school functional departments and the leading group of vocational guidance in secondary colleges; The third level is the college student affairs office, the college employment guidance staff, the fourth level is the employment guidance teacher, and the fifth level is the student representative. The above work system embodies the important role of school leaders and can ensure that career development education runs through the whole process of college students' stage; Ensure full participation in employment guidance; Ensure the coordination and complementarity between institutions at all levels of schools and universities; It is conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of all staff.
2. Accelerate the overall development of vocational guidance. The school's career guidance should avoid the traditional employment guidance mode in the past, only pay attention to the guidance of senior students, shift the focus forward, and educate students on career planning from the beginning of enrollment. Vocational guidance runs through the whole process of school teaching and learning, providing follow-up services for graduates.
The development of people's professional interest and ability is a long-term, continuous and rising process, and career choice is also a development process. Therefore, vocational guidance should be a long-term and systematic work. Career guidance for college students should be carried out in stages;
(1) Admission education. After the college entrance examination, when many high school graduates choose colleges and universities, they often only consider what kind of schools have high success rate and are easy to be admitted, but rarely consider their own hobbies, which leads to many college students' disinterest in their majors and learning. And the learning atmosphere in college is very different from that in high school. Many students have relaxed at once because of their high degree of freedom, and have not yet started to develop good study habits. Therefore, vocational guidance education is very important.
The entrance vocational guidance education can include the following contents: introducing the basic situation of the school, employment pressure, scholarship policy of award, assistance and loan; Introduce the major setting, curriculum setting, training objectives and employment direction of the college; Introduce the development prospects and social needs of each major; Introduce the employment situation of previous graduates of our college. Vocational guidance can be provided through centralized entrance education for freshmen, special introduction of professional teachers and theme class meetings. Let students know about the choice of schools and majors, encourage students to learn and love their careers, and stimulate students' interest and enthusiasm in learning majors.
(2) Professional skills education. The cultivation of professional knowledge is an important purpose of university education at any time. The school strives to strengthen the teaching of basic courses, specialized basic courses and specialized courses, intensify various practical training and internships, cultivate students into compound applied talents with solid foundation and strong practical ability, and realize the zero-distance integration between the school and society.
Schools should adhere to the concept of guiding students to concentrate on their studies, pay attention to the combination with the first classroom when carrying out the second classroom activities, and can carry out various professional and technical activities such as mathematical modeling competitions, structural design competitions, and English speech competitions. At the same time, students are encouraged to obtain various skills certificates such as logistics certificate, secretarial certificate, project management division certificate and e-commerce certificate according to different majors.
College Students' Employment Problems and Employment Guidance (Ⅱ)
Employment is one of the hot topics in today's society. College students' employment guidance is of great significance to their own employment and success, the sustainable development of higher education and the stability and development of society, and it is an important work that colleges and universities need to strengthen. This paper analyzes several main reasons that affect college students' employment at present and several problems existing in college students' employment guidance, and puts forward a series of countermeasures and suggestions to carry out college employment guidance.
Keywords: comprehensive quality of employment, employment guidance teaching reform
Step 0 introduce
Employment is a common social and economic phenomenon in human society, and it is also an important topic for the development of every college student's life. There are both challenges and new opportunities in the process of employment selection. College students should proceed from reality, dare to show their intelligence to the society, maintain a healthy psychology, and gradually adapt to the society with a positive attitude. Employment guidance for college students is an organized and planned educational practice carried out by educators according to students' personal characteristics and social needs, in order to help students plan their career development, cultivate their professional ability and choose a suitable career, thus promoting the harmonious development of students and society. Employment guidance for college students is of great significance to their own employment and success, the sustainable development of higher education and the stability and development of society, and it is an important work that needs to be strengthened urgently at present.
2 reasons for college students' employment difficulties
2. 1 enrollment expansion
In recent years, the number of college graduates in China has increased rapidly, and employers have ample choice, which is the direct cause of employment difficulties, but it is not the fundamental reason. There is indeed a relationship between enrollment expansion and employment difficulties. On the surface, there seems to be a surplus of college students in China, but this surplus is not a total surplus of college students, but just an escape sequence. In fact, the demand for high-skilled and high-level talents in society is still quite large. Compared with other countries, the development of higher education in China with a population base of 654.38+0.3 billion is far from enough. Western developed countries are generally above 50%, such as the United States above 70%. Then count the root cause of employment difficulty as? Expanding enrollment? Body, it is unreasonable.
2.2 The overall quality of college students declined
Many fresh graduates keep complaining:? Enterprises are looking at fresh college students with discriminatory eyes. ? In this regard, some entrepreneurs said that it is not to exclude all fresh graduates, but that some college students dare not compliment their professional ethics in practical work. There is an indisputable fact that undergraduate graduates are not as dedicated as secondary school students and junior college students; Moreover, there are several college students who cannot be wronged. They are afraid of challenges and pressures. Once frustrated, they lack self-confidence and complain repeatedly. Indeed, these are the reasons for the decline of the overall quality of fresh graduates. The continuous expansion of enrollment in colleges and universities has led to a decline in the overall level of students and the quality of teaching, and gradually formed a * * * knowledge. Now, how many college students are addicted to online games, how many college students waste their time on love games and so on. , resulting in an overall decline in the overall quality of college students. In fact, it is relatively easy for students with good comprehensive quality to find a good job.
2.3 The structural contradiction of specialty setting in colleges and universities is prominent.
With the marketization of college students' employment, the setting and adjustment of majors in colleges and universities are very backward, which leads to the dislocation of graduates' professional structure and market supply and demand. From the source, this has become one of the important reasons that restrict the employment of college students. Nowadays, it is an objective phenomenon that the majors and courses of universities lag behind the development of society. It can't be adjusted according to the market demand, which enlarges the blindness of majors and courses, and the convergence of majors is serious, resulting in the imbalance of supply and demand structure. Many schools have too fine a division of majors to keep up with the pace of market changes; Some higher vocational education majors lack characteristics, and the students they train have no competitive advantage. In recent years, although higher education has also accelerated the adjustment of specialty structure and personnel training structure, and has indeed made some progress, on the whole, colleges and universities lack the enthusiasm and initiative for reform and adjustment. The specialty setting and adjustment of some schools are often only based on their own teachers' conditions, which leads to the lack of characteristics of schools, education and students' specialties. In this way, the long-term line is longer and the structural contradictions are more prominent.
2.4 improper employment concept of college students
It is difficult for college students to find jobs, largely because of high expectations, inaccurate self-positioning, and the disconnection between ideal and reality. Some students think that when they go to college, they naturally become national cadres and should have a well-paid fixed job. They unilaterally believe that staying in big cities and units can reflect the value of life, realize their ideals and ambitions, and blindly pursue material treatment and regional conditions. Emphasis on status, fame and fortune, light career, light dedication, lack of fighting spirit and strong sense of responsibility. In fact, many places in China still need college graduates, such as grass-roots units and technical work in the central and western regions. In this sense, there is no surplus of college graduates. The difficulty of college students' employment is only a matter of concept. Some scholars attribute the difficulty of college students' employment to structural unemployment, and think that college students are unwilling to go to small and medium-sized cities and counties, especially the western region. There is a big gap between college students' demands for wages, working environment and welfare conditions and the actual labor market. In other words, it is still a question of college students' concept. Whether rural students or urban students, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen are definitely the top three most attractive places for employment. However, no matter how big the city is, the employment opportunities it can provide are limited.
3 the current situation and defects of employment guidance for college students in China
As the real employment guidance in colleges and universities in China is still in the initial and exploratory stage, there is still a big gap compared with the developed countries, mainly in the following aspects:
3. 1 The content is monotonous and aimless.
The content of employment guidance in most colleges and universities is often limited to teaching job-hunting skills and interview skills, contacting employers and recommending students, giving a general introduction to the employment situation and completing the employment rate index. Due to the lack of overall consideration and arrangement, the employment guidance has a single function and narrow content, and it does not pay enough attention to guiding college students' employment concept and value orientation, cultivating their professional judgment and choice ability and professional ethics education, so it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of the current employment situation. Therefore, there are some problems in the employment guidance for college students in reality, such as temporary response, superficial and generalized guidance content, poor effectiveness of guidance, and lack of concept education.
3.2 Lack of professionalism
The lack of professionalism in college students' employment guidance is reflected in two aspects; First, there is a shortage of professionals. The employment guidance institutions for college students in China are not equipped with professionals, and the number of full-time instructors is small. Many tutors themselves have undertaken the work of other students in colleges and universities. Due to the lack of long-term systematic business training, the quality of employment guidance personnel is uneven; Second, there is a lack of professional institutions. Although there are specialized graduate work institutions in the organizational system of colleges and universities in China at present, it is difficult for these institutions to replace the function of employment guidance. As a matter of fact, it is difficult for college graduates' working institutions to have fixed time and energy to carry out targeted employment guidance because they are busy with a lot of daily work related to employment. Employment guidance is difficult to achieve the expected results in information possession and knowledge reserve. Then, in the face of a highly specialized labor market, the non-specialized guidance that does not match the market is not effective.
3.3 the existence of open-loop closure
Employment guidance should be a systematic network of vocational guidance, training, consultation and information feedback. First of all, the employment guidance institutions in colleges and universities have not established the necessary information exchange system with public employment institutions, the danger early warning mechanism and crisis handling mechanism with public security management departments, and the organizers of job fairs in different regions of colleges and universities have not established close ties. This closed and divided employment guidance is inconsistent with students' cross-regional employment. Secondly, colleges and universities have not established a proof mechanism for students' job application materials with employers, which has triggered a crisis of integrity to some extent and brought negative effects on graduates' employment. Finally, between business schools and employers? Supply and demand basis? The depth and breadth are not enough to play its due role.
4. Countermeasures and suggestions for employment guidance in colleges and universities
4. 1 Improve the comprehensive quality of college students, strengthen students' practical ability and optimize the personnel training structure.
Are college graduates produced in colleges and universities? Educational products? In teaching activities, colleges and universities should strengthen the design of practical links, create opportunities for students to contact with employers, let students set foot in the job market as soon as possible, and make good preparations for employment. We should provide innovative atmosphere for students and cultivate innovative consciousness. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of professional laboratories, so that students can deepen their understanding of the relevant knowledge of this major through practical operation and cultivate their practical ability. Prepare in advance for future work.
4.2 Further deepen the teaching reform and change the training mode.
Colleges and universities should actively promote quality education, strengthen the cultivation of students' innovative ability and improve the quality of graduates. Due to the development of society, the progress of technology and the acceleration of knowledge updating, college graduates must adapt to the needs of job changes, knowledge updating and learning new technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the reform of talent training mode in colleges and universities, vigorously promote quality education, and continuously deepen teaching reform to adapt talent training to market demand. 2 1 century is the era of knowledge economy, and a single professional knowledge can no longer meet the needs of society. Colleges and universities can try to recruit students by major category, without subdividing majors at the beginning. At the same time, they can expand the scope of elective courses, broaden students' knowledge, and increase applied, operational and skilled courses, so that graduates can have more employment knowledge and skills and better serve the needs of China's economic construction and development.
4.3 Strengthen the construction of college students' employment guidance team, and promote the professionalization and regularization of employment guidance.
First of all, we should establish and strengthen the functions of the employment guidance center for college graduates, and give full play to the functions of information collection, employment policy and career consultation, career selection technology and skill guidance from the actual needs of students; Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the contact and communication between the employment guidance department of colleges and universities and grass-roots departments and related professionals, and form an internal guidance network of colleges and universities. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the software and hardware construction of employment guidance, especially to establish a high-quality full-time and part-time employment guidance staff.
4.4 Strengthen the openness of college students' employment guidance.
Smooth employment channels are the basis of the employment rate of college graduates. As the employment guidance department of colleges and universities, employers can be invited to hold large-scale supply-demand meetings and special job fairs in schools, which not only strengthens the communication between schools and employers, but also reduces the employment cost of graduates and improves the employment rate of graduates. You can also go out of the school and go deep into the enterprise, conduct a follow-up survey on the students who have been employed, keep abreast of the specific employment needs of the enterprise and the work of previous graduates, and master the first-hand market demand information and market feedback information. Should universities learn from foreign countries? Cooperative education? The way. Let students practice in enterprises and institutions in stages during their school days. Employers should participate in training and talent search in advance.
5 conclusion
Career choice is of great significance to every college student's life. Employment guidance for college students is an important part of higher education, and the employment guidance system for college students should be established based on the purpose of higher education. Employment orientation, market orientation, social and student needs? The core content of this concept is to shape the basic quality of college students, cultivate their comprehensive ability, guide and adjust their job-hunting mentality, and adhere to the persistence, professionalism, foresight and pertinence of work. Employment guidance in colleges and universities is a systematic project, which has the characteristics of long education process and comprehensive objects, and should run through the whole process of students from enrollment to graduation.
refer to
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