(2) Forest is the most economical and effective carbon absorber. Forests absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, release oxygen and fix carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in the form of biomass. This process is called carbon sequestration. Scientific research shows that each tree absorbs carbon dioxide 1 .83 tons and releases oxygen 1.62 tons per cubic meter of forest growth. The absorption and storage of carbon by global forests accounts for 90% of the global annual atmospheric and surface carbon flow. Domestic experts pointed out that planting 1 hectare of forest in China needs to consume about 1 ton of carbon dioxide, which is in sharp contrast with the cost of reducing carbon emissions per ton by non-carbon sink measures as high as hundreds of dollars. According to experts' calculation, a 200,000-kilowatt coal-fired power plant emits about 877,800 tons of carbon dioxide every year, and 1 year can offset the carbon dioxide equivalent absorbed by 32,000 hectares of plantations. 1 Boeing 777' s round trip from Beijing to Shanghai takes about 4 hours, 1 day round trip 1 time. 1 year emits about 28,032 tons of carbon dioxide, which can be offset by the carbon dioxide equivalent absorbed by 1000 hectares of plantation in 1 year. The CO2 emission of 1 Audi A4 car in 1 year is about 20.2 tons, which can offset the CO2 equivalent absorbed by 0.7 hectare plantation in 1 year.
(3) The fixed carbon dioxide in the forest is persistent and stable. Forest not only has a large amount of carbon fixation, but also has a long carbon fixation time. As long as it does not rot and burn, the carbon fixation of wood products will last for a long time and steadily. The carbon fixation time of wood products such as furniture can reach decades and hundreds of years; Wood used in many ancient buildings in China, such as the Forbidden City in Beijing, has been a carbon sink for hundreds of years. Populus euphratica forest in Xinjiang has the characteristics of "living for a thousand years but not dying, dying for a thousand years and dropping thousands of immortals", and its carbon sequestration time is long. Therefore, wood and wood products are also very important carbon pools.
(d) Forest carbon sequestration has two obvious advantages. Forest not only has a special function in coping with climate change, but also has the characteristics of large carbon sequestration and long carbon sequestration time, and has two obvious advantages. First, the cost of forest carbon sink is low and easy to implement, while the direct industrial emission reduction is high and difficult to implement. According to the analysis and prediction of the United States, if the United States signs the Kyoto Protocol, by 20 12, its greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced by 7% compared with 1990, which will cause economic losses of 400 billion US dollars and unemployment of 4.9 million people in the United States. According to another calculation, if China reduces the proportion of coal use by 1 percentage point, although it can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.74%, it will also reduce GDP by 0.64%, residents' welfare by 0.60% and reduce more than 4.7 million jobs. Second, forests not only have carbon sequestration function, but also have many other ecological, economic and social functions. Forest is not only the largest carbon storage, but also the largest resource pool, energy pool, gene pool and green reservoir on the earth. It plays an irreplaceable role in water conservation, wind and sand fixation, species protection, temperature and humidity regulation, microclimate improvement and ecological balance maintenance. At the same time, it can provide many forest products and forest by-products for human beings, increase social employment and promote economic development. The implementation of indirect forest emission reduction can obtain huge comprehensive benefits.
(5) Forest carbon sink has become one of the fundamental measures to slow down climate change. As an important measure to reduce emissions, the restoration and protection of forests have been highly valued by the international community and written into the Kyoto Protocol. In the fourth global climate change assessment report released this year, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change pointed out that forestry-related measures can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sinks at a lower cost, thus alleviating climate change. At present, many developed countries have been implementing indirect forest emission reduction. For example, Japan promised to reduce emissions by 6%, of which forest carbon sequestration indirectly reduced emissions by 3.9% and industry directly reduced emissions by 2. 1%. Around the post-Kyoto Protocol international negotiations, many countries and international organizations are actively promoting the formulation of indirect forest emission reduction policies to further play the special role of forests in coping with climate change.