It is generally believed that "doing" is concrete action and "doing" is abstract action. I always think so. Although I have doubts in my heart, concreteness and abstraction are relative. What should I do if I encounter concrete and abstract confusion? Recently, I used the textbook Practical Chinese compiled by Beijing Language Institute and published by the Commercial Press (Volume III), only to find that the confusion was beyond my imagination:

Visiting the home of the old captain (148)

The old captain's wife Tian Auntie and his daughter Xiaohua are cooking at home. They walked out of the room quickly when they heard that the guests were coming. (Page 149)

It is said that "being a guest" is more abstract than "cooking" and "cooking" is more specific than "being a guest", but the text is written in the opposite way. Sometimes the words in the book seem random:

If I feel a little sick, he is busy calling a doctor, buying medicine and letting me eat this and that. (Page 107)

Aunt Ding said, "If I feel a little sick, he is busy making this and that for me." (Page 122)

Mrs Brown saw jiaozi lying neatly there and praised her, "Well done! ..... "(15 1 page)

Please try our China jiaozi later. (Page 167)

Some people have eaten it, saying that the outside is made of flour, and the inside is meat and vegetables, which are delicious; (Page 167)

This makes us think, is there a difference between "doing" and "doing"?

two

We investigated Qian Zhongshu's Collection of Seven Characters, Lv Shuxiang's Analysis of Chinese Grammar and Li Rong's Problems of Chinese Characters. The authors of these three books are all famous. Mr. Qian is famous for his extensive knowledge and super memory. Mr. Lu is meticulous and clear as water, which makes people respect him; Mr. Li is hard to think. He is very strict when asking for help. Some people like it, some people are afraid. The result of the investigation is that none of the three gentlemen can completely distinguish the two words.

Mr. Qian prefers to use the word "left". This can be seen from the Preface to the Revised Edition, which comes into view as soon as Kai Pei Ji is opened:

After the book was published, I made some changes. Thanks to Comrade Wei Tongxian for giving it the opportunity to appear. Comrade Xin Guangwei has worked hard to help the publication of this book, and I thank him. By the way, three articles in this collection of poems were selected by French scholar Mr. White into my Five Theories of Poetics and carefully translated. In my translation "Preface", I also expressed my surprise that "domestic sales" became "exports".

The word "left" is also commonly used in books:

It doesn't try to evaluate China's old poems and paintings, but only clarifies the comparative evaluation of poems and paintings by China's traditional criticism. (Page 1)

Critics in the new tradition can have a comprehensive understanding of the works in the old tradition and make objective estimates; (3 pages)

..... Toles is a born fox, but he wants to be a hedgehog. (26 pages)

A painter painted this illustration: (46 pages)

These all clarify or appreciate the meaning or art of the original work. (93 pages)

Scholars have a good name, jealousness and jealousy, and they have always been a laughing stock, ... (103 page)

An orphan martyr in the late Ming Dynasty and a literary attendant in the early Qing Dynasty also tried to make the same psychological answer. (Page 127)

But you can also see examples of "doing", although it is rare:

..... luring people to love foreign works as if they were matchmaking, ... (8 1 page)

If she sings "Acura" in no key, it is obviously acting, ... (page 86)

The usual appellation here has a meaning that is not commonly used in modern times: it does not refer to "German giants", but refers to British businessmen who do import and export business with Germany. (Page 9 1)

In fact, you can find examples of "doing" and "doing" mixed under the same conditions:

..... It may be self-contradictory for a person to write poetry and reason. "There are reasons outside the poem". (Page 7 1)

Monks write poems, of course, from our ancestors. (74 pages)

Although Song Qi's poems are deeply influenced by "Quincy Style", ... (2 1 page)

There is only one place where Mr. Qian used "do" three times in a row:

If someone does an experiment, … of course, no one has done this experiment, and it may not be necessary. (Page 105)

Teacher Qian seems to think that "experiment" is concrete and should be done.

Contrary to Mr. Qian, Mr. Wang prefers to use the word "do" Let's take a look at some sentences in the previous sections of this book. (Teacher Lu's book has a section number before each festival. We use the version number to indicate the source, so that people of different versions will check it. ):

The solution to this problem is to investigate more practical use cases. (Preface)

This paper attempts to review the problems existing in Chinese grammar system, …( 1).

Of course, it is best to use letters as codes ... (Article 3)

Generally speaking, there are two and a half things that can be used for grammatical analysis: ... (Article 4)

You can also use "morpheme" as the smallest unit, … (Section 9)

Please pay attention to the last three situations. Most people are used to "doing", while Mr. Lu uses "doing". Especially in the form of "verb+left", Mr. Lu wrote "left": "called (section 2)," divided into sections (section 38), "counted as (section 465438 +0)," regarded as (section 72) and "translated (note 9

Sometimes prepositions with nouns can be used as predicates, such as (120 pages)

The same part includes:

Some prepositions can take objects as predicates, which is why …

Prepositions with nouns and prepositions with objects refer to the same thing, only once with "left" and once with "left". Others such as:

It has neither the main features of nouns (as subject and object) nor the main features of predicates, namely verbs and general adjectives (as predicate). (Article 44)

There is almost no difference between adjectives as predicates and intransitive verbs as predicates, and they are not necessarily another kind. (Article 62)

On the other hand, further analysis is needed to see what specific content it contains. (Section 75)

It will be very interesting if someone collects all kinds of charts and symbols that have been used or may be used in some analysis and makes a comparative study. (79 pages)

Mr. Qian and Mr. Lu have their own strong points, which seem to have their own strong points, but they can't avoid using different words in the same situation.

Like Mr. Qian Zhongshu, Mr. Li Rong prefers to use the word "left". Here are three examples:

In the process of gradually realizing the four modernizations, linguistics and philology should make due contributions. (Page 1)

There are even titles and the word "Zhuang" 39 times in the article, all of which are used as surnames. (20 pages)

Variant characters have various situations. Here, only the width of the function is briefly explained. (2 1 page)

This book is about philology, so there are many sayings that "a word is a certain" and "a word is a certain". These may be fixed statements in philology, which are not enough to prove. However, all the forms of "V ~" in the book are written as "V Left", and the books include "used for (2 1 page)," read for (22 pages), "adapted for (24 pages)," writing (9 pages), "mistaken for (10 page) and" sketch. But we also found five examples of "doing", one of which is "calling":

The way I collect data is not comprehensive and systematic, which requires too much manpower and too long time. (2 pages)

On the one hand, this will delay the general readers and encourage this illusion. (Page 13)

"Holding hands" means holding hands, so the word "holding" changed from handwriting to "holding". There is also the word "help" in the previous sentence as the basis for imitating and adding hands. (45 pages)

Later generations copied or engraved ancient books, sometimes inadvertently writing typos. This is called "three books and classics, and the house becomes a horse." (74 pages)

Running errands is related to doing things, and writing "running errands" seems to be mentioned. (93 pages)

The third example can be compared:

Intentional rewriting is often based on unintentional innovation, ... (76 pages)

After careful investigation, like Miss Li, it is inevitable to confuse these two words, which shows that there is no difference between them. ①

three

Since these two words can't be separated, can we simply merge them?

Let me talk about the direction of the merger first. It is obviously impossible to combine "doing" with "doing". It is impossible for us to change the fixed writing methods such as "work", "composition", "style" and "work". The desirable merger direction can only be and "Do" is "Do". This method is not unheard of. Mr. Lao She's Camel Xiangzi has an index, so we checked it by the way. The whole book only has "doing" but not "doing". Camel Xiangzi is a successful work, which can prove that there is no problem with the merger.

But we estimate that if we want to cancel "doing" and just use "doing", people who want elegant words can't get by. Therefore, another way to take care of the status quo is to continue to separate the two words, just to modify the current separation standard. Abstract and concrete standards have proved to be infeasible. First, we can't divide human activities into simple abstract and concrete categories. Second, even if we divide this category, we can only make a long list for people to follow, but we can't turn it into simple rules for people to master. Therefore, the feasible way is to combine grammatical classification, just like abolishing the word "bottom" at the beginning of this century and allocating the word "de" with grammatical standards.

The method that can be considered is to write all verbs as "do" as predicates and all fixed words as "do". This can ensure that existing words keep the current writing style, for example:

Writing, work, composition, homework, style, function, action (noun), action (verb), author, work, opposition, void, play, give up, work and sleep, forge, commit crimes, fight, be the master, make decisions, commit crimes and do things (= method). ...

There is no need to hesitate to write down:

Cooking, cooking, jiaozi, sewing, homework, composition, work, explanation, report, planning, planning, doing this and that, doing things in the east and doing things in the west, and practicing (Taoist practice) ...

In addition, "verb+left (do)" is always written as "left". This form expresses the meaning of an idea or the result of an action, rather than a specific action added to the object. This writing is also in line with the current usage habits of most people.

It is more difficult to distinguish words from phrases, for example:

Write poetry ~ be a poet ~ be a man ~ do things ~ do things

Maybe it's mandatory. I tend to analyze into structure, so I advocate the latter form of writing. From this point of view, this method is not omnipotent after all, but fortunately there are not many. )

In this way, our suggestion becomes, if it involves Shang Ya, we will do it according to the method we put forward; If you follow the custom and do it according to Lao She's method, you will write "works". ②

four

However, it should be pointed out that elegance and vulgarity change with the times. In ancient times, there was a "line" but no "line". Here is an example of the bronze inscription, two examples of the Book of Songs and two examples of the Analects of Confucius, all of which are models of ancient culture.

Bai Panzi: The tenth year, the first month of the second year, the first day of the first year (work)

Treasure tray

"The Book of Songs": You live in the past, who will be the teacher?

The Book of Songs Zhou Song Tianzuo: The sky is a mountain, and the king is barren.

The Analects of Confucius: It is not easy to make mistakes, but those who are good at making trouble have nothing.

"The Analects of Confucius": Speaking without action, believing in the past, stealing is not as good as my old Peng.

Guang Yun did not accept the word "Left" until Ji Yun pointed out that "a well-known work is" Left "but not true. In other words, until then, "Zuo" was included as a "vulgar word" and was considered wrong. If you think "classical" means "elegance", then writing "left" all the time means elegance.

be filled/suffused/brimming with

Of course, it does not rule out that several gentlemen's works were planted by mistake when they passed through the typesetting room. However, the differences held by several gentlemen are very clear. In particular, the two linguists' different treatment of "verb+Zuo (doing)" can not fail to attract the attention of the typesetting room. In addition, Mr. Lu's books were included in some later published collections of Mr. Lu's works, and some words were revised, but the usage of "left" and "left" has not changed, which shows that the alternate use of these two words is not absolutely exclusive to Mr. Lu.

There is only one word that will bring trouble to all those who write "Left", and that is the word "affectation", but it seems that our ancients have long encountered this problem and prepared a complete synonym "affectation" which is rare in a language.

The difference between doing and not doing (Taiwan Province Province)

Lin (Mandarin Daily 93. 12. 1 Education Edition)

The two words "left" and "left" are likely to be confused whether they are used as single words or as word formation. What is the fundamental difference between these two words? 1. According to the one-word multi-tone assessment form of the national common language and characters of the Ministry of Education (http://www.edu.tw/edu _ Web/EDU _ MGT/Mandr/EDU630000), Unitid =13&; Categoryid = 278 & fileid = 45498 & open), its reading reason and meaning are somewhat different. Among them, "left" has only one sound, and "left" has two pronunciations.

ㄗㄨㄛ?: composition work, self-made, bow and scrape, tile work, workshop, and autopsy.

ㄗㄨㄛ: Material, fun, rubbing.

According to the explanation in the Chinese Dictionary of the Ministry of Education (http:/140.1.1.22/CLC/jdict/main/cover/9001.html), there are

1. Stand up and speak out. For example, make waves, and Qi Xin will work together.

2. Cultivation, cultivation, etc. A match made in heaven.

3. Creation, such as writing, painting and poetry.

Carry on, hold, etc. Fight, give a briefing.

Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes.

6. pretend. For example, putting on airs.

7. Do something. Same as "doing". Like media, testifying or doing something.

8. existence. Same as "doing". For example, being a man and being an official.

9. manufacturing. Same as "manufacturing". Like making clothes for others.

In addition, when used as a noun, it has the following two meanings and explanations:

1. Career, such as work.

2. Poetry, calligraphy, painting and artistic works are called masterpieces, such as masterpieces, masterpieces and masterpieces.

Similarly, according to the Chinese Dictionary of the Ministry of Education, "Zuo" is only used as a "verb", and its meaning and explanation are as follows:

1. becomes. For example, being a man and being an official.

2. Do some things, such as doing business, doing experiments and doing things.

3. Hold on. Make a birthday, a full moon, an anniversary.

4. Manufacturing, such as making clothes and shoes.

5. pretend. For example, "doing" to capture government troops in water margin.

When reading ㄗㄨㄛˋ, "left" and "left" are often confused, but in fact, there are differences between the two words. Therefore, the Chinese Dictionary clearly states that there is only 1. Do something, 2. Become, 3. Make. Work, production, composition, creation, fighting, performance, acting, etc.

Hehe, I wrote a lot, but I think it should be "writing"