1. von Neumann, one of the most outstanding mathematicians in the 20th century. As we all know, the electronic computer invented by 1946 has greatly promoted the progress of science and technology and social life. In view of von Neumann's key role in the invention of electronic computers, he is called "the father of computers" by westerners. From 19 1 1 to 192 1, von Neumann got ahead when he was studying in Lu Se Lun Middle School in Budapest, and was highly valued by teachers. Under the individual guidance of Mr. Fichte, von Neumann published his first mathematical paper in cooperation. The influence of family makes Galois always brave and fearless. 1823, 12-year-old galois left his parents to study in Paris. Not content with boring classroom indoctrination, he went to find the most difficult mathematics original research by himself. Some teachers also helped him a lot. Teachers' evaluation of him is "only suitable for working in the frontier field of mathematics". Archimedes was born in Syracuse, Sicily, at the southern tip of the Italian peninsula in 287 BC. Father is a mathematician and astronomer. Archimedes had a good family upbringing since childhood. 1 1 years old, was sent to study in Alexandria, the cultural center of Greece. In this famous city known as the "Capital of Wisdom", Archimedes Job collected books and learned a lot of knowledge, and became a protege of Euclid students erato Sese and Cannon, studying geometric elements. 4. Zu Chongzhi's outstanding achievement in mathematics is about the calculation of pi. Before Qin and Han Dynasties, people took "the diameter of three weeks a week" as pi, which was called "Gubi". Later, it was found that the error of Gubi was too large, and the pi should be "the diameter of a circle is greater than the diameter of three weeks", but there are different opinions on how much is left. Until the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Hui put forward a scientific method to calculate pi-"approximate the circumference of a circle with the circumference of a regular polygon. Liu Hui calculated the circle inscribed with a 96-sided polygon and got π=3. 14, and pointed out that the more sides inscribed with a regular polygon, the more accurate the π value obtained. On the basis of predecessors' achievements, Zu Chongzhi devoted himself to research and repeated calculations. It is found that π is between 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 15927, and the approximate value in the form of π fraction is obtained as the reduction rate and density rate, where the six decimal places are 3. 14 1929. There's no way to check now. If he tries to find it according to Liu Hui's secant method, he must work out 16384 polygons inscribed in the circle. How much time and labor it takes! It can be seen that his tenacious perseverance and intelligence in academic research are admirable. Zu Chongzhi's secret rate has been calculated for more than 1000 years, and foreign mathematicians have reached the same result. In order to commemorate Zu Chongzhi's outstanding contribution, some mathematicians abroad suggested that π = be called "ancestral rate". Born in 624 BC, Ju Lushi was the first great mathematician in ancient Greece. He used to be a shrewd businessman. After he accumulated considerable wealth by selling olive oil, Cyrus devoted himself to scientific research and travel. He is diligent and studious, at the same time, he is not superstitious about the ancients, and he is brave in exploration, creation and positive thinking. His hometown is not too far from Egypt, so he often travels to Egypt. There, Ju Lushi learned about the rich mathematical knowledge accumulated by ancient Egyptians for thousands of years. When he traveled in Egypt, he calculated the height of the pyramids in a clever way, which made the ancient Egyptian king Amerasis admire him very much. 6. 1966 Chen Jingrun, who lives in a six-square-meter cabin, borrowed a dim kerosene lamp, leaned against the bed board and consumed several sacks of draft paper with a pen. He actually conquered (1+2) in the world-famous mathematical puzzle "Goldbach conjecture", created distance and took off the crown jewel of number theory (1). He proved that "every big even number is the sum of the products of a prime number and no more than two prime numbers", which made him a world leader in Goldbach's conjecture research. This result is called "Chen Theorem" internationally and is widely quoted. This work also enabled him, Wang Yuan and Pan Chengdong to win the first prize of China Natural Science Award with 1978 * *. His achievements in studying Goldbach conjecture and other number theory problems are still far ahead in the world. Avil, a world-class mathematician and American scholar, once praised him like this: "Every job in Chen Jingrun seems to be walking on the top of the Himalayas. 7. In my impression, Gauss once heard a story: Gauss is a second-grade primary school student. One day, because his math teacher had handled more than half of the things, he still wanted to finish them even though he was in class, so he planned to give the students a math problem to practice. His topic is: 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+65438. Because addition has just been taught for a long time, the teacher thinks it will take a long time for students to work it out, so that they can use this time to deal with unfinished things. But in the blink of an eye, Gauss had stopped writing and sat there doing nothing. The teacher was very angry and scolded Gauss, but Gauss said he had worked out the answer, which was 55. The teacher was shocked and asked how Gauss worked it out. I just found that the sum of 1 and 10 is the sum of1,2 and 9, 1 1, 3 and 8, 1 1, 4 and 7. And11+1+1+1+11= 55, which is how I calculated it. Gauss became a great mathematician when he grew up. When Gauss was young, he could turn difficult problems into simple ones. Of course, qualification is a big factor, but he knows how to observe, seek the law, simplify the complex, and is worth learning and emulating. 8. Shen Kuo studied hard since childhood. Under the guidance of his mother, he finished reading at home at the age of fourteen. Later, he followed his father to Quanzhou, Fujian, Runzhou, Jiangsu (now Zhenjiang), Jianzhou, Sichuan (now Jianyang) and Kaifeng, the capital of China. He had the opportunity to get in touch with the society, understand the life and production of the people at that time, increase his knowledge and show his superhuman intelligence. 9. Mathematical Wizards-Galois 1832 On the morning of May 30, 2002, a young man lay unconscious near Lake Glazer in Paris. Passing farmers judged that he was seriously shot after a duel, so they sent the unknown young man to the hospital. He died at ten o'clock the next morning. The youngest and most creative mind in the history of mathematics stopped thinking. People say that his death has delayed the development of mathematics for decades. This young man is Galois, who died before 2 1 year old. Galois was born in a town not far from Paris. His father is the headmaster of the school and has served as mayor for many years. The influence of family makes Galois always brave and fearless. 1823, 12-year-old galois left his parents to study in Paris. Not content with boring classroom indoctrination, he went to find the most difficult mathematics original research by himself. Some teachers also helped him a lot. Teachers' evaluation of him is "only suitable for working in the frontier field of mathematics". 1828, 17-year-old Galois began to study the theory of equations, and founded the concept and method of "permutation group", which solved the problem of solving equations that had been a headache for hundreds of years. Galois's most important achievement is that he put forward the concept of "group" and changed the whole face of mathematics with group theory. 1829 In May, Galois wrote down his own achievements and submitted them to the French Academy of Sciences, but this masterpiece was accompanied by a series of blows and misfortunes. First, my father committed suicide because he couldn't bear the priest's slander, and then he failed to enter the famous Paris Polytechnic because his defense was simple and abstruse, which made the examiner dissatisfied. As for his paper, he thinks that there are too many new concepts, which are too brief and need to be rewritten; The second draft with detailed derivation was missing because the reviewer died of illness; The third paper 183 1 submitted in June was rejected because the reviewers could not fully understand it. On the one hand, young Galois pursues the true knowledge of mathematics, on the other hand, he devotes himself to the cause of social justice. 183 1 In the "July Revolution" in France, Galois, as a freshman in a normal university, led the masses to protest against the autocratic rule of the king and was unfortunately arrested. In prison, he contracted cholera. Even under such harsh conditions, Galois continued his mathematical research after he was released from prison and wrote a paper for publication. Shortly after he was released from prison, he died in a duel because he was involved in a boring "love" entanglement. After Galois died in 16, his 60-page manuscript was published and his name spread all over the scientific community.