Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is a masterpiece compiled by Lv Buwei, the prime minister of Qin State. This book embodies Lv Buwei's thoughts on governing the country, and Lv Buwei's thoughts on governing the country can be summarized as "one center, three main lines". Among them, "one center" refers to the rule of heaven, and "three main lines" refers to the theory of state, the theory of monarch and minister, and the theory of people-oriented. In view of the academic controversy over the thought of governing the country in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, this paper makes a systematic theoretical demonstration around the people-oriented thought, the thought of monarch and minister, the rule of virtue and the rule of law, and excavates the reference value of the thought of governing the country.
First, the motivation of compiling Lv Chunqiu
In order to adapt to the historical trend of Qin State, Lv Buwei compiled a series of policies and domestic and foreign measures, namely Lv Chunqiu, which effectively changed the social chaos of Qin State and promoted the development of Qin State and the unification of the six countries. In Biographies of Historical Records and Lv Buwei, Sima Qian mentioned Lv Buwei's major achievements in the State of Qin. Sima Qian's evaluation of historical figures is mainly based on their origins, which affects his fair evaluation of historical figures to some extent and leads to Sima Qian's prejudice against Lv Buwei. However, in order to analyze the motivation of compiling Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals, we must start with the background of Qin. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the period of Qin's unification of the six countries, with the gradual development of the country from division to the unification of the six countries, under the social unrest situation of a hundred schools of thought contending and a hundred flowers blooming, in order to change the unstable social situation of Qin, all schools demanded unity of thought. However, the process of changing this concept is bound to be a gradual process, and the compilation of Lv Chunqiu points out the direction for this gradual process. Therefore, the compilation of Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals is not an individual's thought and behavior, but an inevitable requirement of the development trend of Qin State. Judging from the social background of Qin State at that time, Lv Buwei was in the era of unification at the end of the Warring States Period. As the rule of Qin, Lv Buwei must make preparations in advance and create theories and methods in order to help Qin complete the task of unifying and governing astrology. Therefore, the compilation of Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals meets the needs of Qin's unification. In Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor, it is mentioned that Lv Buwei "invited guests into the room, and looked up to heaven and divination". As can be seen from this sentence, the motive of Lu's compilation of Chunqiu is "combining heaven with divination". Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals has different opinions. It absorbed the essence of hundred schools of thought and integrated it into its own ideological system, which became a successful pioneering work in the history of China's thought.
Second, the political theory system put forward by Lv Buwei in Lv Chunqiu.
The appearance of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals made full preparations for the reunification of Qin State in the future. As the director of Qin land administration, Lv Buwei pointed out some disadvantages of feudal autocracy with Ming Rui's political vision, especially the disadvantages of Qin land administration autocracy and legalism. In order to realize the long-term interests of the Qin Dynasty in the future, Lv Buwei clearly pointed out the key points of Qin politics in his book Lv Chunqiu, and prescribed the right medicine. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals advocates openness in culture, so its contents are all-encompassing, including politics, military affairs, astronomy, geography and other fields, among which the most important center is to unify and govern celestial divination. Generally speaking, Lv Chunqiu fully embodies Lv Buwei's political ideas and thoughts of governing the country. The theoretical system of governing the country in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, the theory of state. Under the turbulent social situation, the development of Qin and the unification of the six countries are the general trend after hegemony, mainly because Qin has the strength and conditions to realize the unification of the six countries. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, although there was hundred schools of thought's discussion on the issue of national unity in the pre-Qin period, the thought of national unity was most thoroughly and incisively expounded in Lv Chunqiu. For example, the book points out: "If the sky is no longer with us, we will stay soon. If we can't work twice, now is the time. " Warn the politicians of Qin and Turkey to seize the most favorable opportunity and point out that the opportunity is fleeting. Second, the theory of monarch and minister. Mainly refers to the virtual monarch and the real minister, and the division of labor between monarch and minister. Under the traditional political background of the supremacy of monarchical power and the supremacy of monarchical interests, the theory of monarch and minister is of great value. In "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals", it is put forward: "The sky is round, authentic, sacred, so it stands. The Lord holds the circle and the minister stipulates it. Fiona Fang is not easy, the country is rich and the people are strong. " It means that the monarch should listen to the needs, seek talents, supervise his duties and give full play to the talents of ministers in the process of ruling. These are all things that the monarch should do. I should do my duty, recommend sages, make suggestions, give full play to my intelligence and do a good job in wood work. This is my duty as a minister. Third, the theory of governing the people. In the Spring and Autumn Annals, Lu proposed that "the way of governing the country should be based on people's nature", that is, governing the people. His thought of governing the country is people-oriented and woody.
Thirdly, the analysis of the thought of governing the country in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals.
1. Political thoughts
The political thoughts in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals are mainly reflected in the elaboration and analysis of people-oriented thoughts, monarch and minister thoughts, rule of virtue thoughts and rule of law thoughts. First of all, the thought of folk wood embodies a positive sense of public opinion. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals inherited and developed the idea of folk wood, and systematically demonstrated it. Secondly, the monarch's way and the minister's way are the key issues discussed in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals. The book systematically discusses the transformation from "the source of monarch's way" to "non-monarch can be abolished", and explains the relationship between monarch and minister and the way of being a man with the thought of civilian wood. Finally, in order to reflect the people-oriented thought, Lu Chunqiu also discusses the ideological basis of rule by virtue and rule by law.
2. Economic thought
The economic thought in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals mainly analyzes the agricultural thought, industrial and commercial thought and tax thought, inherits and develops the traditional agriculture-oriented thought, and emphasizes the importance of agriculture. On the one hand, Lu Chunqiu advocated not abolishing industry and commerce, developing agriculture and industry and commerce in an all-round way and increasing social wealth, which also reflected Lu Chunqiu's emphasis on agriculture, handicrafts and industry and commerce. On the other hand, although the discussion on tax thought in Lu Chunqiu is not as systematic and complete as other thoughts, its views are deeply rooted in people's hearts and still have reference significance. Specifically, the tax thought expounded in Lv Chunqiu is the principle of tax equality and the principle of special use of tax.
3. Cultural thoughts
The cultural thoughts, cultural principles and cultural policies of Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals have broken through the early academic barriers and developed in the direction of ideological unity, which plays an important role in the history of China's cultural development. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals advocates respecting talents, teachers and morality, and attaches importance to cultural traditions and inheritance, but this enlightened cultural thought did not last long in the history of China. In addition, Lu Chunqiu's exposition of educational thought advocates taking the educational purpose as the core and applying it to the important field of governing the country, emphasizing respecting teachers from illness, learning from the environment, learning from each other's strengths and learning with an open mind. In addition, his cultural thoughts on custom education mainly followed the natural law of human life and death, and severely criticized the behavior of the rulers at that time, which was far-sighted.
4. Military thinking
Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals made an important exposition on the concept of war and the general plan of using troops, demonstrated the inevitability of war, and criticized the ideological trend of "treating soldiers by yourself" at that time. He also put forward the strategic idea that military strategy depends on political forces to win without fighting, which had an important impact on the concept of war at that time and later generations. Finally, Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals also put forward some valuable military strategies, including strengthening combat readiness, training and planning, using troops bravely and quickly, and combining external attack with internal attack. Generally speaking, the military thought in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is the war experience summed up by his guests, and it also reveals the wood of war to a certain extent, which has a great guiding role in the subsequent merger war.
Lv Buwei made outstanding contributions to the development of Qin State and the unification of the six countries, and helped Qin and Turkey realize the social situation of national reunification. In today's political development, the thought of governing the country in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals also has certain reference value.
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