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What are the methods of marking references in academic papers?
The method of marking references in this paper is as follows:

1, footnote (or endnote) is a way to put reference information at the bottom of the page or at the end of the text in the form of comments. This annotation method is usually found in humanities, such as history and philosophy. When quoting references, use superscript numbers or symbols at the quotation place, and list detailed reference information, such as the author, at the bottom of the page or at the end of the article.

2. The citation in the text (also known as the author-date system) is a method to mark the reference information directly in the text. This notation is common in natural science and social science, such as biology, psychology, sociology and so on. When citing references, indicate the author's surname and publication year in the citation. List references at the end of the paper.

3. Various academic fields and publishing institutions have different reference standards, such as APA format, MLA format and Chicago format. When writing a paper, you need to choose a suitable reference standard according to your own field or publishing requirements, and strictly follow its provisions to mark the documents.

As follows:

The title should be short, clear and general. Through the title, readers can roughly understand the content, professional characteristics and subject categories of the paper. The title of the paper does not exceed 25 Chinese characters, and punctuation marks are generally not used, but two lines can be written (generally without subtitles). Try not to use English abbreviations in the title, and use abbreviations commonly used in the industry when necessary.

The main contents and characteristics of the paper should be briefly described, and the text should be concise and to the point, which is an independent and complete paper, including the main achievements and concluding comments of this paper. Formulas and charts should not be used in the abstract, and reference numbers should not be marked to avoid writing the abstract as a table of contents. The number of words required is between 200 and 300.