A fragment reference is a partial phrase directly taken from a paragraph of text. Composed of some words, it will not indicate who the original author is, nor will it indicate the source. These fragments must be part of a complete sentence, not an independent sentence.

A whole sentence quotation is a whole sentence with less than 4 lines. Although it is a complete sentence, it cannot be used as an independent paragraph in the paper, and it must contain other sentences.

Indirect speech is a quotation after a slight adjustment of the original sentence. If the demand for references is particularly high or there are too many references, you can use indirect references. Pay attention to changing at least half of the content to avoid plagiarism.

Extended data:

Precautions:

1. The conclusion of the paper is final and overall, not a simple repetition of the summary of each component in the paper. Conclusion should be accurate, complete, clear and refined. If we can't draw a conclusion or have no conclusion, we should have the necessary discussion. The paper should point out the limitations (or deficiencies) of the research and put forward suggestions or prospects or problems to be solved.

2. If there are any research results with the tutor or others in the paper, it must be clearly pointed out that if other people's conclusions, viewpoints, methods, data or achievements are cited, the source must be indicated and consistent with the references, and plagiarism is strictly prohibited.

3. The final notes (endnotes) are generally used in papers, and footnotes can be added to the quotations when necessary.

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