explain

(1) The condition worsened. The Analects of Confucius? And said, "Ji Zi, Lutz, please pray. "

② refers to diseases in general. Check: "Everything changes, so does medicine."

③ Seriously ill. "Bian Que meets Cai Huangong": "Junzhi ~ is in the skin."

4 get sick. Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru: "Like the dynasties, it is often called ~." Tired again; Pain. The snake catcher said, "If you don't wait on me, it will be a long time."

(5) shortcomings; Trouble; Disadvantages. "The Original Extinction": "It is not as good as Shun, not as good as Duke Zhou, and I ~ also." "Training with diligence and thrift shows health": "People also laugh at my ignorance, so do I."

6 humiliation; Hurt. Wei Zhongli's book "Teacher's Way" answers: "If you can't see anyone, you can also take my son."

⑦ worry; Worried. The Analects of Confucius? Wei Linggong: "A gentleman is incompetent and doesn't know what he doesn't know."

2. In ancient Chinese, right means right, and its original meaning is response. The extended meanings in ancient Chinese are also rich, which overlap with the usages in modern Chinese, such as "can't eat the case", "can't eat the other side" or "Changting, you are late", which means opposite and relative meanings. Don't give examples one by one, pay attention to the differences.

Modern people will say "yes" when answering, defending or responding in a debate. Yes, it even formed a style, such as "Longzhong Dui", which is equivalent to modern national defense papers. Modern people say "countermeasures", which is also the meaning and belongs to the original meaning. Also belonging to the original meaning are "duality" and "antithesis". Modern people often use "right" and "right" when expressing affirmation, which is rarely the case in ancient Chinese. When reading ancient Chinese, we found that there are "antithesis" and "duality", which should be understood from the original meaning first.

3. Understanding the beauty of classical Chinese writing makes people feel a kind of pleasure, satisfaction and sublimation of emotion, thought and wisdom, which makes the mind more beautiful and open, thus regulating their words and deeds and morality. For example, there is such a short answer in the Chinese examination paper of the senior high school entrance examination in Jiangxi Province in 2003: read the selected passages of Wen Tianxiang Song History and combine the learned texts. Talk about the reasons why Wen Tianxiang is still admired by people. This topic allows students to combine the two texts "Guo Yang" and "Tan" they have learned to talk about Wen Tianxiang personally leading the army against Yuan from the perspective of sacrificing his life. After being captured, he resolutely refused to yield to the Yuan Dynasty. We can also talk about his "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the country", taking the world as his own responsibility, regardless of personal safety, and then fighting endlessly, and finally serving the country with death is more important than Mount Tai, thus winning the admiration of Chinese descendants. Students can be shocked by this tragic beauty, experience the infection and edification of strong emotional integrity, purify and sublimate their souls, and learn from China. Comparison is the only way to distinguish. Recently, comparative and speculative reading is popular, which has a vital impact on junior high school students' ideological understanding and comprehensive ability training. For example, in 2002, students were asked to read Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus Theory" in the language volume of Huanggang City, Hubei Province. The analysis shows that (Love Lotus Theory) praises the noble quality of lotus, but it is actually the expression of the author's thoughts and feelings, but in fact, please briefly explain the reasons. Personally, I think that the opposing views of "getting out of the mud without dyeing" and "getting close to the ink is black, getting close to the ink is black" come down to the relationship between people and the environment. In the relationship between man and environment, man is the main body and plays a decisive leading role; Environment is secondary and plays a corresponding role under certain conditions. People who live in a good environment will perform better in their growth (under normal circumstances); There are two possibilities for people to survive in a harsh environment: one is to "get rid of mud and get clean", that is, to transform the environment in a harsh environment and become tougher, and the other is to "be near Zhu Zhechi and be near Mexico", that is, to be influenced by the environment. This shows that people play a decisive leading role, so a person's comprehensive literacy ability is particularly important. If we want to have excellent comprehensive quality, we must learn a lot of scientific and cultural knowledge. Only in this way can we become useful talents who keep pace with the times. Practice has proved that the essence of competition comes down to the competition of talents. And can't teachers and students get a glimpse of the education of cultivating the comprehensive quality of outstanding talents? It is urgent to attach importance to the ability test trend of reading short answers in classical Chinese and guide and cultivate students' healthy emotions and various abilities in normal teaching. What educators do must be to make young students grow into talents who keep pace with the times, and their education and influence will be lifelong. Only in this way can education really have a new impetus for development and fundamentally ensure the sustainability of development.

4. The three schools of classical Chinese are all divided into the field of wisdom.

Zhao Xiangzi painted Zhi Bo's head as a wine glass. Yurang, the minister of Zhi Bo, wanted to avenge him, but he cheated as a criminal, carrying a dagger and wiping the toilet in his stomach.

Xiangzi wanted the toilet, so he won the jade. About to kill him, Xiangzi said, "Zhi Bo died without a queen, and this man wants revenge. What an upright man! I want to avoid it. "

Is to give up Yurang painted himself as a beggar, swallowed charcoal and begged in the city, but his wife didn't know it.

When he met his friend, his friend knew him and wept for him, saying, "If you are a talented son, you will be lucky if you serve Zhao Meng. Children do whatever they want, regardless of evil? Why bother? Is it difficult to seek revenge? " I let said, "no! When he was appointed minister, he asked to kill him. It was really hesitant.

What I did was extremely ugly. However, because of this, those who will be ashamed of future generations will also have two hearts. "

Xiangzi came out and Yu rang fell under the bridge. When Xiangzi got to the bridge, he was frightened by the horse, so he went to look for it, got the jade and killed it.

Xiangzi did not stand for Bolu, and there were five children who refused to fall behind. Feng Bolu's son became the acting king, died early, and made his son Huan the queen of Zhao.

Xiangzi died, and a year later his brother Huan Zi stood on his own feet. Zhao's people said, "Huan is not an idea."

It was * * * who killed his son and came to meet Huan again in order to offer his son. I gave birth to my son to be fierce.

Huan Zi's grandson Weiss supported Hou Wen. Han Kang gave birth to Woods, and Woods gave birth to piety for Hou Jing.

(You Yinpei's note) In classical Chinese, there are many polysemy phenomena: the same word is a meaning in this sentence and a meaning in another sentence. Generally speaking, there is a certain connection between the meanings of polysemy.

Polysemy is formed by extension, metaphor and borrowing of the original meaning, so we should understand and master its extended meaning, figurative meaning and borrowed meaning from the original meaning. There are two understandings of the original meaning of words: a. About the origin of words, that is, the original meaning of words.

For example, the original meaning of "walking" is "leaving" and the original meaning of "soldier" is "weapon". B as far as the application of words is concerned, the common meaning is regarded as the original meaning of words, which is also called the basic meaning.

For example, the common meaning of "soldier" is "soldier" and so on. The extended meaning is developed from the basic meaning, which has similar, relative or related meanings.

For example, the original meaning of "punishment" is "criminal law", and its basic meaning also includes punishment for prisoners. Later, this meaning developed into the meaning of "punishment" (all of them were "Chen She family" who punished their long-term officials). Figurative meaning is the meaning fixed by the figurative usage of words, and some figurative meanings come from the original meaning and basic meaning of words.

For example, the original meaning and basic meaning of "nest" is "the place where birds, animals and insects live", and the metaphorical meaning derived from this meaning is "the place where bad people live". In Boyaqin, the more people who meet dogs, the more humane they meet. The dog wagged its tail first and said, "I'm good at hunting. I'll share it with you." )

"The more people like it, the more rewards.

Eat pork and be polite. The dog got a grand ceremony, and its voice became louder and louder.

Arrogance), if you kill a wild animal, you will do your best.

Or laugh at the Yue people and say, "Animals eat and drink, but dogs do. Do you treat dogs as ridicule? " The more I realize, the more self-reliant I am because I share meat. The dog got angry, bit its head, broke its collar and walked away.

A husband and his family have a dog, but he competes with the dog for food. Geometry is invincible! The passer-by met a dog on Lushui. The dog lowered its head, wagged its tail and said in human language, "I'm good at hunting. I'll share it with you." The Vietnamese people were very happy and went home with their dogs.

Feed it sorghum and meat and treat it as a human being. Dogs are treated and become more and more arrogant, and all the wild animals they hunt will be eaten.

Someone laughed at the Vietnamese and said, "You feed him, and the dog eats all the wild animals he catches. What are dogs for? " The more people wake up, the more meat they give to dogs and the more they give themselves. The dog was angry, bit his head, bit off his neck and legs, and ran away.

Raising dogs as family members, but (then) competing with dogs for food, how can we not fail! Moral: satirize those evil villains who are eloquent, secretive, insatiable, vicious and cruel: don't tolerate the wicked and evil forces. When you can't stand it, it's inevitable to ask for it.

This so-called breeding a tiger is also a problem. There is a northerner who is justifying a fault and has never seen a water chestnut since he was born.

Later, he went to the south to be an official, and (once) everyone sat on the table and ate water chestnuts. The man put his shell in his mouth. Someone reminded him: "Water chestnut should be shelled."

He tried to hide his shortcomings and said, "It's not that I don't know how to shell, but I want to use it to clear away heat!" " "People asked him," Are there any water chestnuts in the north? "He said," there is no land behind the mountain! "It is better to learn and lose yourself than not to read ten volumes, ignore the elders and despise the same column. Modesty makes people progress, while pride makes people lag behind.

Chen Bozhi's Book (Excerpt) In the late spring of March, the grass grows in the south of the Yangtze River, and the peanut trees are mixed. Seeing the flag and drum of the old country, I feel that I was born in a domain, which is not embarrassing at all! Therefore, Lian Gong's Thoughts on Zhao Jiang and Woods' Tears on the West River are also human feelings.

Is the general heartless? If you want to learn the rules early, you will be blessed. I was born in the north, but I don't know that Ling is an official in the south.

Fill the seat with diamonds and block the entrance. Or: "Ling must shell."

Someone defended his shortcomings and said, "I must know." Those who close their shells want to clear away heat. "

The questioner said, "Is there this in the north?" ? "He replied," in front of the hill behind the hill, which piece of land is not? " ? " Self-study is not as good as no scholar, and seeking benefits for the ears. When people read ten books, they are tall, arrogant and contemptuous.

People are sick as enemies and evil as owls. Learning is better than not learning well.

Wang Chong studied in Wang Chong's office, and he will learn from Shangyu people. First, he has no city in Wei County. When you are lonely, the village is called filial piety.

Later, there should be the capital, imperial academy and teachers to help Ban Biao. Be good at explaining, not following the rules.

My family is poor and there are no books. I often travel around Luoyang, reading the books I sell, and I can recite them when I see them, so I know many people's handwriting. Duke Zhuang went hunting in Qi Zhuanggong, and a bug raised its foot to fight with its wheel.

Ask Yu Yu: "What kind of bug is this?" He said: "This so-called mantis is also. It's also an ant. I don't know after I know it. I despise my enemy. "

Duke Zhuang said, "This man is brave for the world!" Get back in the car and avoid it. Wuqi met an old friend yesterday and stopped eating.

Old friend's day: "promise." Wu Qi said, "I'll wait for you to have dinner together." . "

My old friend didn't come in the evening, and Wu Qi didn't eat, waiting for him. Tomorrow is very early.

5. China's classical literati talk about friendship and have friends, so they can't do without your name. -Xiao Jing Zhang Jian

Fight for a friend: an outspoken and persuasive friend.

Your name: good reputation.

A person surrounded by outspoken friends always enjoys a good reputation.

Make friends, score points, and sharpen the rules. -"Thousand Characters" by Liang Xingsi of Southern Zhou Dynasty

Rating: congenial.

Cutting and grinding: learning from each other

Proverbs: admonish each other, admonish each other.

Make like-minded friends, learn from each other and persuade each other.

There are three friends who benefit and three friends who suffer. It is good to be friendly, forgive and listen to your friends. A friend can do something, but a friendly friend can do something, which is harmful-The Analects of Confucius Ji's.

Trust: honesty

Convenience: flattery

Flatter to your face.

Toilet: Good at rhetoric

There are three kinds of beneficial friends and three kinds of harmful friends. It is beneficial to make friends with honest and knowledgeable people. It's harmful to make friends with people who flatter to their faces, slander behind their backs, and make sweet words.

6. I'm going to grade one. I didn't read much classical Chinese in primary school. The first step in classical Chinese is to browse the topic quickly. There is a characteristic in extracurricular reading questions: some topic options show the meaning of some keywords in the text; some topics prompt the main content of classical Chinese. Browsing topics helps students understand the general meaning of classical Chinese. Therefore, after receiving the extracurricular reading paragraphs, we should first quickly browse the topics after the paragraphs. Step 2: Analyze the topic carefully. Generally speaking, the extracurricular reading paragraphs of classical Chinese will have titles, and most of the titles themselves summarize the main contents of classical Chinese. For example, in an exam, we took an extra-curricular reading of "The Chu People Learn to Boat". The title of this subject-predicate structure summarizes the main content of the paragraph, and we will know the main content of the paragraph after reading the title. In short, you will know the main content of the paragraph after reading the title. It enables us to quickly understand the main content of classical Chinese. Step 3: read the full text quickly with notes. Some difficult words in classical Chinese are generally annotated. These notes help students understand the main content of classical Chinese accurately. So, don't ignore these notes, but read the full text quickly with your notes. In addition, it should be noted that in the process of reading the full text, if you encounter a "roadblock", don't stop and think hard. You should read on. In short, you can read the full text quickly, but you can understand the general meaning of the article. Step 4: Answer the question with the right medicine. There are three kinds of extracurricular reading questions, namely, word explanation questions, sentence translation questions and content understanding questions. Different methods are adopted for different types of questions: (1) Word explanation questions: Most of these questions are about examining the facts in classical Chinese. These content words in classical Chinese are basically learned by students in classical Chinese in class. When solving problems, we should first apply the meaning of the content words in the classical Chinese we have learned, and then contact the context test. After the exam, Yishun is the correct answer. (2) Sentence translation: The translated sentence should be translated freely on the basis of literal translation. First, explain the meaning of keywords in the draft (literal translation); Then, write the general meaning of the sentence (free translation). When translating sentences, we should pay attention to the following problems: ① Proper nouns such as year number, person name, place name, official name, object name, book title, country name, etc. Leave it as it is, without translation. For example, in the spring of four years (year number), Teng (name) was relegated to Baling County (place name). Words that have no practical significance in the sentence of the governor of Baling County should be deleted. For example, "Chen Shengsheng is from Yangcheng" and "Zhe … Ye" means meaningless and should be deleted. Bobby Chen is from Yangcheng. ③ Some special sentence patterns in classical Chinese (such as verb inversion, preposition object and adverbial postposition). ) is different from modern Chinese. Your cleverness is too serious. (4) If the translated sentence is an ellipsis, the omitted components should be supplemented. For example, "Naidan wrote' Chen Wangsheng' on the silk book (omitting the subject). "This sentence can be translated as: they (the main body) wrote the word' Chen' on the silk book with vermilion. (3) Content understanding. Solve this problem. Second, extract keywords from the original text to answer; Third, organize written answers in your own words. Among the three methods, the first and second methods have higher accuracy.