The survival, reproduction and sustainable development of mankind depend on a good living environment, safe food and water. However, due to various reasons, human living environment, including soil, water and atmosphere, is polluted, even seriously, and then human food and drinking water are polluted through the biological chain of animals and plants. Many environmental pollutants are substitutes and interferers of hormones in human body, which have similar physiological characteristics to hormones in human body and can interfere with the normal physiological activities of endocrine system, and are called environmental hormones. These environmental hormones will seriously damage and destroy men's reproductive ability, obviously cause female diseases such as female breast cancer, induce precocious puberty in children, and cause abnormal psychological mood and behavior of human beings. 2/kloc-0 At the beginning of the century, human beings have to face the environmental pollution caused by themselves painfully, because the environmental pollution crisis has directly threatened their own survival, reproduction and sustainable development.
1, microorganism and ecological environment
Protecting the environment, maintaining ecological balance to improve the environmental quality of soil, water and atmosphere, creating a good environment suitable for human survival and reproduction, and producing safe food are major tasks facing human survival. With the development of industrial and agricultural production and the improvement of people's requirements for the quality of living environment, people pay more and more attention to the pollution caused by more and more organic wastewater and synthetic toxic compounds entering the environment. Microorganisms are powerful decomposers and transformers of these organic wastewater and synthetic toxic compounds, and play the role of "scavengers" of the environment. Moreover, because microorganisms themselves have the characteristics of fast reproduction speed, wide range of metabolic substrates and wide distribution, their functions and advantages in removing pollutants in the environment (soil and water) are incomparable with any other physical and chemical methods. Therefore, microorganisms are widely used to treat organic wastewater and dirt and to repair contaminated soil through microorganisms. Some microorganisms also use themselves as pathogens or their metabolic poisons to pollute various environments or foods and endanger human health. Biodegradable plastics produced by microorganisms have replaced non-biodegradable plastics that are currently being used on a large scale.
2. Microbiology and agriculture
Agriculture is the most important objective basis for human survival. Microbiology is closely related not only to agricultural production, but also to food safety and quality improvement.
The formation of soil and the improvement of its fertility depend on the action of microorganisms. The original source of nitrogen-containing substances in soil is the nitrogen fixation of microorganisms. The accumulation, transformation and loss of nitrogen-containing substances in soil, the formation and transformation of organic matter in soil, especially humus, the formation of soil aggregate structure, and the transformation of rock minerals in soil into soluble inorganic compounds that can be absorbed by plants are all related to the life activities of microorganisms. Because of the words and functions of microorganisms, soil has biological activity, which promotes the most important material circulation in nature, improves the soil's ability of water retention, aeration, fertilizer supply, fertilizer conservation and cold and heat regulation, and is helpful to agriculture.
With the increasing demand for the safety and quality of environment and food, chemical pesticides and fertilizers that are easy to pollute the environment and food are becoming increasingly unpopular, and the voice of green agriculture or organic agriculture and green food is getting louder and louder. Green agriculture, organic agriculture and green food are all inseparable from the role of microorganisms. In the process of agricultural production, the disease prevention and pest control of crops are also closely related to microorganisms. Many diseases of plants are caused by various microorganisms. Conversely, some microorganisms can be used to control some diseases and insect pests of crops. The accumulation process of organic fertilizer is actually the process of transforming organic matter into humus fertilizer through the life activities of microorganisms. After organic and inorganic fertilizers are applied to soil, only a part of them can be directly absorbed by plants, and the rest must be decomposed, transformed, absorbed and solidified by microorganisms before they can be supplied to plants for gradual and long-term absorption and utilization. Many microorganisms can fix nitrogen in the atmosphere and provide nitrogen nutrition for plants.
In fact, the processing and storage of agricultural products are many technologies that use beneficial microorganisms or inhibit the harm of harmful microorganisms.
Microbiology is an important basic theory of agricultural science. With the development of science and technology, the relationship between microbiology and agricultural science will become closer and closer, and the influence of microbiology on modern agricultural science will become greater and greater.
3. Use microorganisms to produce sustainable and clean energy.
Chemical fuel is not only a disposable energy source, but also the pollution to the environment during combustion is a well-known serious problem. Because microorganisms can convert agricultural and some industrial organic wastes into hydrogen and ethanol, they can not only eliminate environmental organic pollutants, but also produce pollution-free clean energy such as hydrogen, ethanol and methane, which has a great impetus to the sustainable development of mankind.
4. Abundant microbial resources and their products provide new support and development points for the sustainable development of human beings.
Due to the characteristics of microorganisms and the diversity of metabolites, the use of microorganisms to produce pharmaceutical products needed by human beings to overcome diseases is being widely valued. Today, mankind is facing unprecedented threats to health and safety. Not only have many diseases that have brought great disasters to mankind come back, such as tuberculosis and cholera, but also many diseases with unknown causes and no effective control methods have emerged, such as AIDS, mad cow disease, Ebola virus disease, atypical pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome and so on. However, the infection control and treatment of these diseases will largely require the application of existing and developing microbiology theories and technologies, and depend on the development and utilization of new microbial medical resources. The polysaccharide produced by microorganism is made into human health care products; Wait a minute. Microbes are an inexhaustible treasure house of resources, and the utilization and development of microorganisms will certainly make great contributions to human survival and sustainable development.