1. Academic paper+investigation report
2. Graduation design+investigation report
Require the investigation report to pass the exam or above.
Second, the format requirements of academic papers will be released in the near future.
Third, the graduation design requirements
1. All majors can do computer system design and website design. Including programs and documents. The document is about 3000 words, including the following contents: project background, significance, development tools used, system analysis, system outline design, system detailed design, program realization, system testing and maintenance, etc. The program should be able to run, but it can't run without results.
2. Information management and e-commerce majors can do a commodity marketing design and network marketing design.
The specific requirements of the college of arts and sciences for the writing of investigation reports
According to the spirit of the graduation thesis (design) reform meeting of the College of Arts and Sciences, and in order to standardize the writing of the research report, the specific requirements for writing the research report of the College of Arts and Sciences are formulated as follows:
First, the investigation report order (left binding)
1, cover 2, title 3, preface 4, text 5, ending 6, signature
Second, the specific requirements
1. cover-named "Investigation Report of bohai university University of Arts and Sciences", which consists of seven contents: title, name of the person who completed it, department, major, class, instructor and completion date. (See Example ① for details)
2. Title-There are two basic forms: single title and double title. The single title can be narrative, argumentative, questioning or official document (in the form of "about the object of investigation+investigation topic+investigation"); The double title is usually the main title to reveal the theme, and the subtitle explains the theme and content of the survey. However, from the perspective of writing skills, the title of investigation reports often adopts rhetorical devices such as metaphor, metonymy, antithesis, contrast, truthfulness and questioning, which makes the title vivid, lively, accurate and attractive. (See Example ② below for details.)
3. Preface-natural paragraph, requiring 150 words. Generally, there are three ways to write it: you can explain the time, place, object and purpose of the inspection and point out the basic points; You can briefly introduce the basic situation or experience of the interviewee; The main problems can be summarized as follows.
4. Theme-The main body of the investigation report is the trunk, which mainly writes the facts and basic experience of the investigation. Generally speaking, first describe the situation, introduce the occurrence, development, change process and existing problems of the investigated things, then conduct analysis and research, find out the main contradictions, draw the law, and finally draw a conclusion. The number of words shall not be less than 4,000 words, and the serial number of the text content structure is: I (I) 1( 1). There are mainly three structural modes: (1) vertical structure, that is, the structural levels are arranged according to the sequence of events development or investigation. Investigation reports suitable for reflecting new things or exposing problems. ② Horizontal structure, i.e. situation, experience and problems. The survey results are divided into several parallel parts, which are described from different aspects around the center of the full text with subheading or serial number as the title respectively. It is suitable for investigation reports that reflect the situation, introduce experience or study problems. (3) Point structure, the author investigates several points around a theme, and then writes several relatively independent parts according to the results of multi-point investigation, each part explains the situation of a point and collectively expresses a central idea.
5, the end-the end is the inevitable result of the investigation report analysis and problem solving. Some point out the main idea of the whole article, some point out the existing problems, some look forward to the future, some put forward suggestions to solve the problems and so on. If the main part has been summarized, the ending part will not be written separately.
6. Signature-The signature of the investigation report shall indicate the name of the unit and individual where the investigator works and the completion time. If the investigator is indicated under the heading, it can be omitted when signing.
Third, writing guidance.
1, the concept of investigation report
An investigation report is a written report based on a certain purpose, a systematic and in-depth investigation of a certain situation, problem and experience, and after careful analysis and research. Systematic and thorough investigation, objective and in-depth research and accurate and perfect expression are the three links in writing a good investigation report.
2. Types of investigation reports
(1) Investigation report reflecting the situation
Through comprehensive investigation, we can reflect the new situation and new problems in real society in time, with the aim of providing reference for higher authorities or relevant departments as the basis for implementing policies and formulating measures.
(2) Survey report on summing up experience
This kind of investigation report finds out the regular things from the whole process of the development of things and expounds them. The purpose is to provide concrete experience and methods for implementing the principles and policies of the party and the country, so it has universal guiding significance.
(3) Investigation report on research issues
This kind of investigation report focuses on studying new problems in real life, exploring and revealing the law of things' development, and putting forward countermeasures. It directly provides a basis or reference for the leading organs to formulate policies and measures to solve a certain problem, and has strong pertinence.
3. The writing procedure of the investigation report
Generally speaking, the writing of an investigation report has to go through the following five procedures:
(1) Determine the theme
Theme is the soul of investigation report, which is of decisive significance to the success or failure of investigation report writing. Therefore, it should be noted that the theme of the report should be consistent with the theme of the investigation; Redefine the theme according to the results of investigation and analysis; The theme should be small and focused; Coordinate with the title to avoid title errors. ?
(2) Selection of materials
The systematic and complete survey data obtained through statistical analysis and theoretical analysis still need to be carefully selected when organizing the survey report, and it is impossible and unnecessary to write a full report, so we should pay attention to the selection. How to choose materials? ① Select materials related to the theme, and remove irrelevant, irrelevant, secondary and unimportant materials to make the theme concentrated, distinct and prominent; (2) Pay attention to the combination of material points and surfaces. Materials should not only support a certain viewpoint in the report, but also support each other to form a superficial "atmosphere"; (3) among the existing useful materials, compare, identify and select the best materials to support the author's point of view, so that each material is equal to one.
(3) Layout and drawing outline
This is the key link in the conception of the investigation report. Layout refers to the form of investigation report, which is embodied in the outline and is the skeleton of the article. The process of drawing up an outline is actually a process of further classifying and structuring the investigation materials. The principle of the framework is: around the theme, step by step, interlocking. Outline or skeleton is characterized by its inherent logic, which requires clear outline and distinct levels.
There are two kinds of outlines in the investigation report. One is an outline of opinions, that is, the opinions formed by investigators in investigation and research are listed one by one according to logical relations. The other is the item outline, that is, write an outline one by one according to the chapters, sections and items expressed in hierarchical meaning. You can also combine these two outlines to make an outline.
(4) Drafting investigation report
This is the writing stage of the investigation report. According to the determined theme, selected materials and writing outline, the article should be written in an orderly way. In the process of writing, we should choose language according to actual needs and divide paragraphs flexibly.
Attention should be paid to: ① reasonable structure (title, introduction, text, ending, signature); (2) The report is written in a standard way, which is aesthetic and readable, such as formulating preferential policies, introducing urgently needed talents, using competition mechanism and revitalizing existing talents. 3 read through and understand. Pay attention to the use of figures, charts and technical terms to make the language expressive, accurate, vivid and concise.
(5) Revise the investigation report
After the investigation report is drafted, it should be carefully revised. Mainly to check the theme, materials, structure, language and punctuation of the report, and add, delete, modify and adjust it. After completing these tasks, you can submit or publish the final version.
4. Writing skills
The key to writing an investigation report is to always have a distinct theme and master the full text. What should the investigation report tell readers? Only when the purpose is clear and the theme does not deviate can the report appear "energetic"
In writing, you should master the materials in detail. Writing an investigation report is based on investigation and study. Without a solid foundation and a theoretical understanding of the internal laws of the investigated things, it is impossible to write an investigation report. How to write an investigation report? There are two basic things to do here: first, collect and consult the existing literature, policies and regulations and research results; The other is to go deep into the grassroots to understand the whole process of things and directly master first-hand materials.
Find the regularity. The investigation report is not the stacking and listing of materials, but reveals the inherent regularity of things through research and analysis, thus promoting and guiding the current practical work. Therefore, to give up material means to get rid of the rough and the fine, to get rid of the false and keep the true, to strive to transform the creation from the outside to the inside, and to draw a correct conclusion that conforms to the reality.
Learn to highlight the theme through comparison. In this respect, it includes the comparison between old and new, positive and negative, past and present, success and failure, and so on. Contrast can often highlight the characteristics of things and reveal the essence of things, thus achieving the effect of highlighting the theme.
Be good at using statistical data to illustrate the theme. Proper use of figures, especially statistical data in different periods, types and situations, can often enhance the generalization and expressiveness of investigation reports, thus achieving the effect of expressing the theme directly. Moreover, accurate statistics are many times better than empty preaching with thousands of words. A large number of real materials based on statistics accurately explain the ins and outs of a job, a problem, a policy and a thing, and reveal its essence and law to people. This is the essence of the investigation report.
Understand the needs of readers. The purpose of writing an investigation report is to influence readers and produce guiding significance, so it is necessary to make clear who the investigation report is for. For example, most of the research reports written by party and government organs serve the decision-making of leaders at the same level or higher level. It is required to stand at a certain height and put forward opinions and ideas on hot and difficult issues so that leaders can understand the real situation and be inspired, which is conducive to improving the scientific and democratic level of decision-making. Once the investigation report loses its pertinence, it is tantamount to releasing a "squib".
Another topic is the vision of the investigation report. The topic should be accurate and clear, reflect the basic content of the report, and use less common topics such as XXX survey. The subheadings of paragraphs should echo the headlines organically, and the beginning, end and middle of each paragraph should be connected with concise general language.
Fourth, performance evaluation.
The results of the investigation report are divided into three grades: excellent, qualified and unqualified.
1, excellent-the topic can proceed from reality, with pertinence and practical significance. The materials are comprehensive, objective, accurate, specific and representative. The article is rigorous in structure, clear in level, accurate in logic and fluent and vivid in writing. The viewpoint is clear, the argument is sufficient, the analysis is thorough and convincing. The conclusion is correct and the suggestion is feasible. Serious attitude, in-depth work, strong observation and judgment ability, good at using various methods to obtain materials.
2, qualified-the topic has a certain pertinence. The materials are comprehensive and objective, but they are not accurate and specific enough to explain general problems. The structure of the article is basically reasonable, and the writing ability is not strong, but it can still express the meaning. There are opinions, arguments, arguments, and convincing. The conclusion is basically correct and the main suggestions are feasible. Attitude is still serious, observation and judgment are not strong enough, and materials can be obtained by conventional investigation methods.
3, unqualified-the topic is not appropriate, too biased or too big. The materials are not comprehensive, objective, false and abstract, which can't explain any problems. The structure of the article is chaotic, the ability of writing expression is poor, and the words are not satisfactory. Views and arguments are chaotic, and the arguments are unconvincing. The conclusion is unfounded and the suggestion is divorced from reality. The attitude is not serious, the method is wrong, and useful materials are not obtained.