Standardized assessment summary document
Standardization development is an important index reflecting the level of economic development and scientific and technological progress, which should attract the attention of all countries in the world. The analysis of standardized evaluation from four aspects: the standard level of standardized development, standardized system and standardized level points out that the judgment of standardized development and the standard level of standardized evaluation system cannot reflect the overall development, there is no operability of standardized evaluation system at home and abroad, and the research on macro-standardized evaluation system at the national level needs to be further deepened.
Research on keyword standardization evaluation
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Practice has proved that for the development of human society, in the process of economic development, standardization is an important guarantee to promote the development of socialized mass production, scientific management and modern management, the popularization and application of advanced production organizations and production technologies, the promotion and improvement of product quality and product varieties, the elimination of waste and the promotion of economy. With the standardization of industry, science, technology, foreign trade and domestic distribution, standardization has become an important part of national policy. The development of standardization is also one of the important indicators reflecting the level of economic development and scientific and technological progress of a country, and it has also become one of the focuses of the world. For a long time, improving the standard and standardization level has been the focus of China's standardization work. At present, the focus of standardization evaluation at home and abroad focuses on four aspects: standard level, standardization system and determination of standardization level.
Research progress of standardized evaluation
1。 Standardization and development issues
"Since the establishment of our standards, the book Standardization has summarized the standardization work in China. This paper comprehensively summarizes the development of standardization policies and regulations of China National Institute of Standardization in recent years, the formulation of existing standardization technical organization standards, and the standardization development in China. Some scholars have summarized and analyzed the standardization development of agriculture, logistics, service industry, information industry and other industries in China.
2。 Standard analysis level and standardization coefficient
The evaluation method of standard level, and points out that the current evaluation method of standard level is only that the standard level has entered three levels: international advanced level, international general level and domestic advanced level. This evaluation method has many shortcomings: first, the evaluation is not comprehensive enough and objective enough; Third, out of touch with the market. The evaluation standard of level should be in line with international standards, and the economic, social and literal quality standards of standards should be comprehensively evaluated. The standardization coefficient of product standardization can be divided into three parts: the variety of standardization coefficient, the standardization coefficient of quantity, the numerical value of repeatability coefficient and standardization coefficient, the calculation of natural number and the product cost. The standardization coefficient of two kinds of indicators should be comprehensively applied to better reflect the standardization level of products.
3。 Research on standardized evaluation system
The implementation effect of standardization, especially in the study of economic benefits. 1975, ISO published the report "Economic Effects of Standardization", describing the representative research in this country. American aviation standard NAS 1524: standardized deterministic calculation; Radona, and Lasalilan's Economic Effect, 1972 National Standardization Matsuura Shiro's Principles of Industrial Standardization ISO/STACO4830: Priority Evaluation of Products in International Standardization. In addition, in the mid-1970s, the former Soviet Union summarized more than ten years of research and practical experience, and promulgated the economic effects of standardized calculation of seven national standards. From 1983 to 1984, China promulgated the evaluation, demonstration and standardization standards GB3533. 1-83 "Economic Effect", GB3533.2-84 "Economic Effect of Standardized Economic Effect Parameter Calculation" and GB3533.3-84. Under the conditions at that time, these standards did not attract enough attention. With the development of economy, scholars finally began to study and discuss the improvement of economic effect evaluation method in the 20th century.
The most prominent research on the economic benefits of foreign standardization is Germany's research on the economic benefits of standardization and its impact on the economy. The data of capital and labor force from 1960 to 1996 are analyzed as a whole, and a number of patents reflecting technological progress, the number of patents purchased by Germany from foreign patents, quantitative standards and technology are visited. Through regression analysis, the stimulating effect of standards on technological innovation. Further research shows that technological innovation is the decisive factor of economic development. By popularizing standards and technical regulations and referring to German standardization, the investment must reach 770 million euros. In 200 1 year, since then, the income has been 654.38+0.6 billion euros, which means that one third of Germany's national economic growth is to create standardization. In the United States, Britain, Australia and Canada, people have used similar methods to study the economic benefits of national standardization, and reached basically the same conclusion: standardization has a positive role in promoting economic standardization, but its contribution to economic growth rate is different.
4。 Standardization level of evaluation BR/> At present, there is little research and evaluation on standardization level. Although there are many suggested standards and economic benefit studies, these studies are only aimed at the standardized evaluation of economic benefits, and comprehensively evaluate the overall standardization level, the main business standardization evaluation system and the enterprise standardization evaluation system from a macro perspective. There are three specific, comprehensive and standardized evaluation systems:
(1) Macro national index system, and a small amount of literature is used for standardized evaluation. On the basis of sorting out the rough documents of the standardized efficiency indicators of the national index system, it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the standards, which are only divided into economic benefits and social benefits, and the specific indicators are very difficult to operate. Other indicators are also difficult to fully reflect the standardization level.
(2) The relatively mature index system with medium level in the industry. The agricultural standardization and evaluation system consists of five indicators and 15 sub-indicators, and evaluates China's agriculture from the basic level, construction level, realization level, economic benefit and ecological benefit level of agricultural standardization. Generally speaking, the index system reflects the standardization level comprehensively from the characteristics of agriculture, but some indexes of the system are difficult to quantify and useless in practical application.
(3) Enterprise-level standard evaluation system of microeconomic index system. The Evaluation Method for Standardization Level of Mechanical Industry Enterprises was issued by the Electrical Branch of the Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering on 199 1. From the standardization of standardization management institutions, the quality of relevant personnel, standardization plans, funds and conditions, there should be relevant standards, the degree of product standardization, the conditions and means for standardization implementation, and a standard system with governance norms and technical standards as the main body should be established, and more projects should be initiated. Although scholars have put forward three index systems, from the perspective of standardization system, technical standard system, management standard and working standard of enterprise management, the evaluation index system promulgated by the Ministry of Mechanical and Electrical Services is a concrete analysis of the ability to implement these two aspects, namely, secondary and tertiary indicators. The standardized evaluation system of industrial enterprises and enterprises is to determine the index weight on the basis of scoring method. The finer the division of labor, the greater the index behind it. However, no matter the index system compiled in the early 1990s, it is not widely used and popularized now.
A summary of research on standardized evaluation system.
The standard level of the standard system for judging and evaluating the standardization development summarized only reflects the national standardization level unilaterally, and cannot make a clear decision on the overall standardization level. Moreover, the standardized evaluation systems and evaluation methods of industries and enterprises are basically the same. Standardized evaluation methods are constantly developing. Scholars at home and abroad have put forward some evaluation methods, such as new guessing evaluation method, parallel index comparison method and comprehensive method, including research methods. The main evaluation method of existing specifications involves using the characteristic values of the quantity and level of standard products. There are some shortcomings in the process or service of other national standards to determine the level of evidence and judgment standards or reference systems or international norms. In particular, a group of index systems is very one-sided, and the operability of the selected indicators is not enough to fully reflect the development of standardization. At the micro level, several standardized evaluation systems in this study rarely involve the macro level. So far, there is no standardized evaluation index system at home and abroad, and the evaluation system of macro-national standards needs to be further deepened.
References:
[1] Analysis: Introduction to Standardization (4th Edition) [M] Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2005:2023
Research Report on Standardization Development of China National Institute of Standardization in 2006 [M], Beijing: China Standardization Press, 2006.
[3] Zhenhua He: Modern Standardization [M]. Electronic Equipment Structure Professional Committee of Beijing Logo Association, 1984: 16 1? 185
[4] BeuthVerlag. Economic benefits of standardization. German Institute of Standardization, 2006:20? 22
[5] Ren Deng, et al. Research on quantitative evaluation index system of standardization level J][ Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 2004,27.214? 2 16
[6] Li Lin Liang Jie Wan Jun: Design theory of agricultural standardization evaluation index system [J]. statistics and decision, 2006,45? 47
[7] cycle shoulder: the standardization of evaluation is standardized in enterprises [J] China, the level of 199 1 year is 22? 26
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